2015-2016 Biology EOC Study Guide
Name_______________________________ Date_________ Period_________
Unit 1 Cells:
1. Which are examples of asexual reproduction?
I. binary fission
II. fertilization
III. budding
A) I and II only
B) I and III only
C) II and III only
D) I, II, and III
2. Osmosis is an example of
A) cytolysis.
B) active transport.
C) passive transport.
D) a chemical change.
3. Which organelle is a membrane-bound sac which stores nutrients within the cell?
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) Golgi complex
C) nucleus
D) vacuole
4. Which statement describes passive transport?
A) Substances harmful to a cell are excreted.
B) Large molecules move across a membrane.
C) A foreign organism transports substances it needs into the cell.
D) A substance moves across a membrane without using cellular energy.
5. Because water tends to move from regions of low solute concentration to regions of high
concentration (such as the cell), animal cells have developed the need for
A) water.
B) homeostasis.
C) nucleic acids.
D) active transport.
6. Why is mitosis important in multicellular organisms?
A) Mitosis is essential to cell replication, tissue development, and maintenance of cell size.
B) Mitosis ensures that diploid reproductive cells divide twice, forming four haploid daughter
cells.
C) Mitosis is responsible for passing on genetic variability and beneficial mutations to the next
generation.
D) Mitosis allows tissue growth in multicellular organisms by resulting in the formation of
gametes, which then form new cells.
7. Which statement is correct, with regard to the catalase enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of
hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?
A) Water is a substrate in this reaction.
B) Bonds in the hydrogen peroxide are weakened in catalase's active site, allowing the
chemical reaction to occur.
C) Hydrogen peroxide is produced by the catalase enzyme.
D) The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide would still occur naturally, but occurs less rapidly with
the catalase enzyme.
8. The diagram shows a stepwise reaction for the enzyme coagulase, which is involved in blood
clotting. Which of the substances is the product?
A) coagulase enzyme
B) protein A
C) protein B
D) clot protein
9. Which of the organelles shown is made of a sugary substance called peptidoglycan, protects
the bacteria, and can be destroyed by antibiotic medicines?
A) the ribosome
B) the plasma membrane
C) the cell wall
D) the capsule
10. Which of the following examples illustrates osmosis?
A) Water leaves the tubules of the kidney in response to the hypertonic fluid surrounding
the tubules.
B) Digestive enzymes are excreted into the small intestine.
C) White blood cells consume pathogens and cell debris at the site of an infection.
D) Calcium is pumped inside a muscle cell after the muscle completes its contraction.
11. The diagram shows a plant cell with a large central vacuole. What would happen to this plant
cell if the central vacuole was removed?
A) It would be unable to regulate water storage.
B) It would be unable to conduct photosynthesis.
C) It would be unable to conduct cellular respiration.
D) It would be unable to divide properly into two new cells.
12. Cells use passive and active transport to move materials across cell membranes in order to
maintain a constant internal environment. What is the process of maintaining a constant internal
environment called?
A) diffusion
B) evolution
C) homeostasis
D) respiration
13. Edgar, a biochemist, claims to have found a new variety of a type of small biomolecule.
Edgar notes that there are now 21 types of this biomolecule instead of the old known 20. The
molecule can also be combined with others in its class to produce a wide variety of proteins,
some liquid and others solid. What type of biomolecule did Edgar find?
A) a nucleic acid
B) a monosaccharide
C) an amino acid
D) a fatty acid
14. Cells use passive and active transport to move materials across cell membranes in order to
maintain a constant internal environment. What is the process of maintaining a constant internal
environment called?
A) diffusion
B) evolution
C) homeostasis
D) respiration
15. A type of cell that can exist in a broad range of environmental conditions, can rapidly
multiply, and lacks a nucleus is known as what type of cell?
A) animal
B) eukaryotic
C) plant
D) prokaryotic
17. The image shows the diffusion of vitamin B into a cell. What is part A, and in what organelle
is it located?
A) a membrane protein; the nuclear membrane
B) a membrane protein; the cell membrane
C) an enzyme; the cytoplasm
D) an enzyme; the mitochondria
Unit 2 Genetics:
18. Which are differences between egg and sperm cells? I. size of cell II. shape of cell III.
number of chromosomes per cell
A) I and II only
B) I and III only
C) II and III only
D) I, II, and III
19. Which of the following DNA base pairs are correct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A-A C-C
A-T C-G
A-C G-T
C-T A-G
20. In which way is meiosis different from mitosis?
A) Meiosis produces cells without nuclei.
B) Meiosis produces egg and sperm cells.
C) Chromosomes divide during mitosis but not during meiosis.
D) Mitosis results in cells with one half the number of chromosomes.
21. If skin and muscle cells in humans have 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be
present in a typical egg cell?
A) 23
B) 46
C) 92
D) 115
22. Which of the following events takes place before mitosis and before meiosis in reproductive
organs?
A) nuclear division
B) DNA replication
C) RNA redistribution
D) cell membrane pinching
23. One early spring morning, Reva went to her car to go to school. She noticed that the entire
car was covered with a thin layer of yellow-green pollen. Each pollen grain was created by what
type of cell division?
A) meiosis
B) mitosis
C) budding
D) nuclear fission
24. Which is true of meiosis?
A) Identical cells are produced.
B) Haploid cells are produced.
C) Fertilized cells are produced.
D) Somatic cells are produced.
25. An organism that is capable of passing on a trait for a specific disease to its offspring, but
which does NOT express the disease itself, is described as which of the following?
A) a carrier
B) a homozygote
C) a mutant
D) a purebred
26. A normal cell formed by fertilization, containing two copies of each chromosome, one from
the mother and one from the father, is
A) diploid.
B) haploid.
C) a gamete.
D) an allele.
27. An example of nondisjunction would be
A) unsuccessful DNA cloning of a single-celled organism.
B) a spontaneous mutation occurring naturally in an organism.
C) an abnormality in the number of chromosomes within an organism.
D) the manipulation of DNA segments and chromosomes within microorganisms.
28. At the end of meiosis, two cells have been produced. Which does NOT describe these cells?
A) may contain alleles for the same basic traits
B) have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell
C) have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
D) may have genes to produce differing forms of the same traits
29. The gene for red/green colorblindness in humans is recessive and primarily affects males. It
must be located on
A) the X chromosome
B) the Y chromosome
C) both the X and Y chromosomes
D) either the X or Y chromosome
30. Which is usually considered a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
A) It is a fast method of reproduction.
B) It produces a large number of offspring.
C) It requires two parents.
D) It produces identical offspring.
31. A gene that is sex-linked is BEST described as which of the following?
A) It results in all male offspring.
B) It results in all female offspring.
C) It is located on the X chromosome.
D) It is located inside the mitochondria.
32. Athletes are often concerned with the question of how much protein they need in their diets
because of the requirement of growing muscles for protein. Just as muscles need the basic
building block of protein, protein itself has basic building blocks also. Which of the following
are the basic building blocks of protein?
A) nitrates
B) amino acids
C) monosaccharides
D) nucleotides
33. How does the production of sperm and egg cells differ?
A) Each meiotic division produces four sperm cells and one egg cell. Sperm are motile while the
egg can not move on its own.
B) The egg cell is much larger than a sperm cell.
C) The number of chromosomes found in a human sperm is different from the number found in a
human egg cell.
D) A and B
34. The process by which the order of bases in messenger RNA (mRNA) codes for the order of
amino acids in a protein is called
A) translation
B) transcription
C) replication
D) nondisjunction
Mixed Unit 1 & 2 Questions
35. Identify the biological function of the biomolecule shown.
A) long-term energy storage
B) information coding
C) short-term energy storage
D) catalysis of chemical reactions in cells
36. Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have the capacity to
A) assemble into multicellular organisms
B) establish symbiotic relationships with other organisms
C) obtain energy from the Sun
D) store genetic information in the form of DNA
37. The enzyme amylase is found in saliva and assists with the breakdown of starch into glucose.
Explain how this occurs without affecting the chemical makeup of the amylase.
A) Amylase bonds to the starch to speed up the reaction and detaches itself when complete,
without being affected.
B) Amylase does not take place in the starch reaction, but raises the temperature of the saliva to
speed up the reaction.
C) Amylase changes starch into a vapor which increases the reaction rate, but is recreated by the
glucose.
D) Amylase transfers all of its energy to the starch molecules to speed the reaction, but does not
take place in the reaction.
38. Half of Wendy's chromosomes came from her mother and half from her father. Few of her
chromosomes are identical to those of either parent because most of the genes on them have been
exchanged with genes on other chromosomes. What process accounts for this?
A) independent assortment
B) crossing over
C) nondisjunction
D) segregation
39. Suppose that a man has brown eyes. His genotype is Bb. He got the B gene from his mother
and the b gene from his father. How many types of reproductive cells can he produce by meiosis,
with regard to eye color?
A) one
B) two
C) four
D) an unlimited number
40. The function of mRNA is to
A) carry genetic information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis.
B) begin the "unzipping" of the DNA molecule.
C) maintain homeostasis within the cell during mitosis.
D) direct the movement of centrosomes during meiosis.