Unit IIIC.3 Section Practice Quiz: The Fluid Body (2016)
Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the best answer then bubble your answer on your scantron sheet.
1. In humans, the HIV virus primarily attacks which of the following types of cells? (2002-1)
a. Epidermal cells
b. Red blood cells
c. White blood cells
d. Glial cells
e. Neurons
2. An animal that has a high surface-area-volume ratio of the body, and takes in all of the oxygen it needs through
the outer epithelium is most likely which of the following? (2002-12)
a. a fish
b. an earthworm
c. a mammal
d. an insect
e. a snake
3. Which of the following physiological effects would likely occur first in a volunteer who was breathing air from
which the carbon dioxide (CO2) was removed? (2002-33)
a. Decreased blood pH
b. Decreased respiratory rate
c. Increased respiratory rate
d. Increased pulse rate
e. Increased blood pressure
4. The function of which of the following structures is NOT directly related to diffusion or active transport across
its membranes? (2002-37)
a. Aorta
b. Small intestine
c. Nephron tubule
d. Capillary
e. Alveolus
5. Which of the structures contains highly oxygenated blood? (2008-6)
a. Vena cava
b. Right ventricle
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Pulmonary vein
e. Jugular vein
6.
Which of the following immune system cells is most severely depleted by HIV/AIDS? (2008-26)
a. Plasma B cells
b. Memory B cells
c. Helper T cells
d. Cytotoxic (“Killer”) T cells
e. Memory T cells
7. Which of the following features are common to all gas exchange systems in animals? (2008-39)
a. Active transport removes carbon dioxide from the respiratory structures
b. Materials flow in one direction only
c. An intake system is comprised of a series of tubes
d. Transfer is made by counter-current exchange
e. Gasses diffuse across a moist membrane
8. The control of breathing is centered in which of the following areas of the brain? (2002-48)
a. Anterior pituitary
b. Corpus callosum
c. Cerebellum
d. Medulla oblongata
e. cerebrum
9. Which of the following is true of the humoral immunity but not of cell-mediated immunity? (1994-22)
a. It is active in the early years of a person’s life
b. It involves the activity of killer T cells
c. Antigens are recognized in the lymph nodes
d. Antibodies are produced in response to antigens
e. Virus-infected cells are the primary targets
10. There is some evidence the interferon (a chemical messenger) may be effective against certain forms of
cancer. This finding suggests that some cancers may involve ___________. (1994-54)
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Uric acid deposition
d. Allergic reactions
e. An overproduction of white blood cells
11. Which of the following is the predominant reaction as blood flows through the pulmonary capillaries? (PT1-45)
a. H2CO3  H+ + HCO3
b. H2O + CO2  H2CO3
c. Hb +4CO2  Hb(CO2)4
d. Hb(O2)4  Hb + 4O2
e. Hb + 4O2  Hb(O2)4
12. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between pH and the hydrogen-ion
concentration of a solution? (1994-57)
a. There are no hydrogen ions present in a solution with a basic pH.
b. There are no hydrogen ions resent in a solution with a neutral pH of 7.0
c. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of 7.0 is 100 times as great as that in a solution
with a pH of 9.0.
d. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of 5.0 is twice that in a solution with a pH of
3.0.
e. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution with a pH of 4.0 is 400 times as great as that in a solution
with a pH of 1.0.
13. In humans, the largest amount of the carbon dioxide produced in the cells is carried to the lungs
as _____. (1994-61)
a. Carbamhemoglobin
b. CO2 gas in solution in plasma
c. CO2 gas in the red blood cells
d. Bicarbonate in the plasma
e. Bicarbonate in the red blood cells
The next three questions refer to the following graph of an immune response.
14. The action of the immune system at day 5
is most likely in response to the
introduction of ____. (PT1-86)
a. An antibiotic
b. An antigen
c. An antibody
d. An immunoglobulin
e. A major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) molecule
15. The immune response indicated at day 5 in
the graph is most likely produced by the
action of _____. (PT1-87)
a. B cells
b. T cells
c. Cytotoxic T cells
d. Helper T cells
e. Macrophages
16. If the immune responses at day 5 and day 30 are reactions to the same substance, the likely source of
antibodies at day 30 are _____. (PT1-88)
a. Cytotoxic T cells
b. Erythrocytes
c. Interleukins
d. Macrophages
e. Memory cells
17. All of the following are associated with an increase in the rate of breathing except _____. (PT2-18)
a. An increase in HCO3- in the blood
b. An increase in the pH in the blood
c. An increase in CO2 in the blood
d. Moving to a higher elevation
e. An increase in muscular activity
The next question refers to the figure below.
18. A pathogenic bacterium has been engulfed by a phagocytic cell as part of the nonspecific (innate) response.
Which of the following illustrations best represents the response? (Fall 2012-14)
The next three questions refer to the following scenario.
Both myoglobin and hemoglobin are proteins that bind reversibly with molecular oxygen. The graph below shows
the oxygen-binding saturation of each protein at different concentrations of oxygen.
19. Which of the following statements is correct? (Fall 2012-51)
a. At 10 mm Hg partial pressure, hemoglobin binds oxygen but myoglobin does not.
b. At 20 mm Hg partial pressure, myoglobin and hemoglobin bind oxygen in equal amounts.
c. At 40 mm Hg partial pressure, myoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin has.
d. At 80 mm Hg partial pressure, myoglobin binds twice as much oxygen as hemoglobin
20. Strenuous exercise lowers the blood pH, causing the curves for both hemoglobin and myoglobin to shift
to the right. This shift results in _____. (Fall 2012-52)
a. an unloading of O2 at higher partial pressures
b. an increase in the number of O2-binding sites
c. the capture of more O2 by hemoglobin
d. the capture of more O2 by myoglobin
21. Which of the following best describes the physiological significance of the different oxygen-binding
capabilities of hemoglobin and myoglobin? (Fall 2012-53)
a. They prevent muscles from depleting oxygen levels in the blood.
b. They cause muscles to become anaerobic.
c. They prevent glycogen depletion in muscles.
d. They enhance movement of oxygen from the blood into the muscles.
22. A sample of human blood was placed in a test tube containing a physiological saline solution (0.9% sodium
chloride). This type of solution is often used intravenously to quickly rehydrate patients. A drop of the blood
from the test tube was placed on a slide and red blood cells (RBCs) were observed under a microscope. Three
possible outcomes are diagrammed below. (Fall 2012-23)
Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see
and best explains why?
a. View 1 because RBC membranes are freely permeable to water
b. View 2 because the RBCs use energy to allow sodium entry and to pump water out
c. View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of
the cells
d. View 3 because the sodium-potassium pumps in the RBC membranes use energy to keep the sodium
out but allow water to freely flow into the cells
23. During the infection cycle for a typical retrovirus, such as HIV, which uses RNA as genetic material, the genetic
variation in the resulting population of new virus particles is very high because of _____. (Fall 2012-22)
a. damage to the virus particle from envelope loss during infection
b. errors introduced in the DNA molecule through reverse transcription
c. errors in the protein molecules produced in translation
d. recombination of the genomes of free virus particles
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24. An individual’s humoral response to a particular antigen differs
depending on whether or not the individual has been previously
exposed to that antigen. Which of the following graphs properly
represents the humoral immune response when an individual is
exposed to the same antigen more than once? (Fall 2012-39)