®
®
ROVIMIX STAY-C 35
The vitamin C form for fish and shrimp
DSM Nutritional Products
®
®
ROVIMIX STAY-C 35
• ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35
designed for maximum
stability in aggressively
produced extruded diets.
• Fully bioavailable in
salmon and trout.
• ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35
ideal for shrimp diets –
superior stability ensures
optimum vitamin C levels
in feeds submerged in
water.
• ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35
is the superior, cost
effective vitamin C source.
• It is THE proven industry
standard.
• Free vitamin C or coated
vitamin C is unstable
• Many vitamin C products have
variable handling properties
• Many vitamin C products have
variable ascorbic acid content
Benefits
• Vitamin C is very unstable and
must be protected
Product
Problems
• Vitamin C is necessary for
all fish and shrimp
®
• STAY-C® 35 is a fully bioav
• STAY-C® 35 is THE stable s
• STAY-C® 35 is proven to be
competing vitamin C forms
• STAY-C® 35 is fully optimis
• STAY-C® 35 has a guarante
equivalents
• STAY-C® 35 is THE original
for aquaculture
®
ROVIMIX STAY-C 35
Vitamin C Requirement
Survival (%) of Penaeus vannamei fed graded levels of vitamin C
100
Bioavailability
Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver of Atlantic salmon
fed on diets with different ascorbate sources
280
100
Survival (%)
Vitamin C is a requirement
for the survival of shrimp
and fish and must be
included in the diet at a
sufficient level to ensure
good growth & survival.
60
40
20
0
0
25
50
75
100
Vitamin C dose (mg/kg diet)
Ascobic acid, µg/g
240
80
200
160
120
80
40
1000
0
Day 15-42
Day 1-14
2 weeks
STAY-C® 35
8 weeks
12 weeks
Coated ascorbic acid
He & Lawrence, 1993
Kestin et al., 1997
Bioavailability
Comparison of the bioavailability of free ascorbic acid versus
ascorbyl monophosphate in Atlantic salmon
Bioavailability
Ascorbic acid deposition in the tissues of shrimp fed diets
with various ascorbate sources (250 mg/kg) for 8 weeks
4.5
70
4
50
Studies have demonstrated
that ascorbyl monophosphate
(e.g. STAY-C ® 35) is as
bioavailable as free ascorbic
acid.
40
30
20
10
0
10
100
Dietary dose (mg/kg)
Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic-2-monophosphate
Waagbo and Maage, Ed. K. Dabrowski, 2000
Ascobic acid (µg/g)
Liver Ascobic acid (µg/g)
60
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
Muscle
STAY-C® 35
Fletcher et al., 1997
Hepatopancreas
Coated ascorbic acid
vailable vitamin C form
source of vitamin C in aquafeeds
e more stable and cost effective than
s
sed for superior handling properties
eed minimum level of 35% vitamin C
l, industry standard vitamin C source
Bioavailability
Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver of sea
bream fed on diets with different ascorbate sources
100
Ascobic acid, µg/g
80
60
40
20
0
Day 2
Day 4
No vitamin C
Day 10
STAY-C® 35
Day 21
Day 40
Coated ascorbic acid
Alexis et al., 1997
Numerous studies have demonstrated that
STAY-C ® 35 is more bioavailable than coated
ascorbic acid in salmonids, shrimp and
marine species.
Bioavailability of vitamin C in fish is indicated
by the levels of free ascorbic acid in liver,
kidney and plasma. In shrimp, the concentration of free ascorbic acid in the whole
body and hepatopancreas is a measure of
bioavailability.
®
®
ROVIMIX STAY-C 35
The vitamin C form for fish and shrimp
STAY-C® 35 competitor product comparisons
Mixability
STAY-C® 35 mixability in aquafeed
Homogeneity of mixing of ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35 in a pelleted
fish feed
270
◆ 269◆ 267
ROVIMIX ® STAY-C ® 35 competitor A
Vitamin C equiv., mg/kg
◆ 254
◆ 251
◆ 241
◆ 236
◆ 233
◆ 323
240
210
STAY-C® 35 superior
product quality ensures
good flowability and
mixability in aquafeed.
180
150
competitor B
competitor C
0
1
2
3
4
5
Sample No
6
7
8
9
Gadiant, 1997
STAY-C® 35 stability in salmon and shrimp feeds
STAY-C® 35 stability through shrimp feed manufacture
(recovery as % added)
Retention of STAY-C® 35 in extruded (137°C)
salmonid feeds (* corrected for added oil and
moisture content)
100
Ascobic acid recovery (% added)
Ascobic acid recovery (% initial)
100
80
60
40
20
0
80
60
40
20
0
Trial 1 (150 mg/kg)
Trial 2 (200 mg/kg) Trial 3 (1000 mg/kg)
Mash
STAY-C® 35
Coated A
Coated B
DSM, 2004
Extrudate*
Gabaudan et al., 1997
STAY-C® 35 stability during storage of extruded
salmon feed (recovery as % added)
STAY-C® 35 stability during storage of shrimp feed
(recovery as % initial)
100
Ascobic acid recovery (% initial)
Ascobic acid recovery (% added)
100
80
60
40
20
0
80
60
40
20
0
After extrusion
12 weeks storage
4 wks storage
8 wks storage
Dietary dose (mg/kg)
STAY-C® 35
Gadient et al., 1997
DSM, 2004
Coated A
Coated B
STAY-C® 35 has
excellent stability during
diet manufacture and
storage, compared to
other vitamin C forms.
Recommended inclusion rates of ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35
in feeds for aquaculture species
Species
Recommended
vitamin C
supplementation*
(mg/kg feed)
ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35
inclusion*
(g/tonne feed)
Trout
150 – 250
430 – 715
Salmon
150 – 250
430 – 715
Carp
150 – 250
430 – 715
Catfish
150 – 250
430 – 715
Seabream/Seabass
150 – 250
430 – 715
Eel
150 – 300
430 – 860
Tilapia
150 – 250
430 – 715
Shrimp
250 – 500
715 – 1430
* amounts should be increased by 30 % for fry and broodstock
designed by: graphic art studio · [email protected] 02/05
51641
For wound healing, stimulation of immune response and winter feeding:
1000 mg vitamin C/kg feed
ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35 can also be used in all aggressively produced types of feed, such as:
• high-temperature pelleted feeds
• expanded or extruded feeds
for land-based animals and pets.
ROVIMIX® STAY-C® 35 may be added:
• to the feed during mixing or
• incorporated in the premix
DSM Nutritional Products
P.O. Box 3255
CH-4002 Basel
Switzerland
www.dsmnutritionalproducts.com
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