Heat Energy
Unit 4 - 5th Grade Science
Setting Up Your Journal
 Title Page
 “Heat Energy” should be written on the page and you
should include illustrations (which will need to be
colored in)
Table of Contents and
Essential Questions
 Table of Contents
 Page 3 – Essential Questions
 Pages 4-5 – Vocabulary
 Essential Questions
 How do interactions of matter affect us?
 How does heat move from one place to another?
Vocabulary
 Energy – the ability to do work
 Heat Energy- is the energy moving particles have.
 Thermal Energy - heat energy
 Mixture – a combination of 2 or more kinds of
matter
 Density – the concentration of matter in an object
 Volume – the amount of space an object takes up
 Weight – a measure of the pull of gravity on an
object
Vocabulary Continued
 Temperature- measure of the average energy of moving
molecules.
 Thermometer- measure temperature.
 Conduction- transfer of heat from a warmer object to a
cooler object.
 Conductors- materials that conduct heat well.
 Insulators- materials that do not conduct heat well.
 Convection – movement of heat energy through liquids
and gases in currents.
 Radiation – heat energy moves through space.
Vocabulary Continued
 Properties – an object’s specific characteristics
 Reactivity – the ability of a substance to react
chemically
 Combustibility – the chemical property of being
able to burn
Vocabulary Continued…
 mass – the amount of matter in an object or substance
 solution – a combination of 2 or more kinds of matter that
cannot be easily separated
 mixture – a combination of 2 or more kinds of matter that can
be easily separated
 texture – the feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface or a
substance (ex: rough, bumpy)
 physical property – any property used to characterize matter
and energy and their interactions (ex: shape, color, size,
solubility)
 chemical property- is a characteristic or behavior of a
substance that may be observed when it undergoes a chemical
change or reaction. (combustibility, reactivity, etc.)
Matter
 Solids, liquids, and gases are made of molecules.
 These molecules are always moving.
 How fast these molecules are moving depends on
how much energy they have.
 When heat is added to matter, the molecules move
faster -the temperature goes up.
 When heat is taken away, the molecules move
slower – the temperature goes down.
Matter continued
 A substance that has mass and takes
up space
 4 states of matter: solids, liquids, gasses,
and plasma
Phases of Matter
 Solids: Particles are tightly packed together and
DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in
place.
Phases of Matter
 Solids have a definite SHAPE
 Solids have a definite VOLUME
Example—Marble
Shape = Sphere
Volume = can be found
using water displacement
Phases of Matter
 Liquids: Particles are still tightly packed
together and they SLIDE move past each other.
Phases of Matter
 Liquids DO NOT have a definite SHAPE;
they take the shape of their container.
 Liquids have a definite VOLUME
Example—Orange Juice
Shape = None, it takes the
shape of the glass.
Volume = can be found
using a beaker or
graduated cylinder.
Phases of Matter
 Gases: Particles are not tightly packed together,
and have so much energy they slip past each
other quickly.
Phases of Matter
 Gases DO NOT have a definite SHAPE
 Gases DO NOT have a definite
VOLUME
Example—Smoke
Shape = Not definite.
Volume = Not definite.
Gases are usually always
expanding.
Phases of Matter
 Plasma: Particles are moving so quickly it is
hard to see what they are actually doing.
Phases of Matter
 Examples of Plasma on Earth:
Phases of Matter
 Energy is what changes a
phase of matter.
 Argon BOILS at -186°C, so
when you hold it at room
temperature you can see
ALL 3 phases at the same
time.
Phases of Matter
ADDED
 Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this
phase change:
The added energy has caused the chocolate
particles to speed up. Before they were
vibrating in place, now they are moving fast
enough to slip past one another.
Solid
Liquid
Phases of Matter
 Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this
phase change:
ADDED
The added energy has caused the water
particles to speed up. Before they were moving
fast enough to slip past one another, now they
have enough energy to break away from one
another and expand.
Liquid
Gas
Phases of Matter
 Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this
phase change:
Taken Away
Taking away energy from a rain drop slows the
water molecules down so that they no longer
slide past one another.
Liquid
Solid
Phases of Matter
 Matter can change phases permanently
or temporarily.
 Temporary changes are called
PHYSICAL changes.
 Permanent changes are called
CHEMICAL changes.
Phases of Matter
 Physical Changes: only the phase changes, the substance does not.
 Physical changes usually change the size or shape of the substance.
 Examples of physical changes include:
Phases of Matter
 Chemical Changes: changes that create NEW materials.
 The original materials are changed into something
different.
 Examples of chemical changes include:
Phases of Matter
 Is this a chemical change, or a physical change?
Chemical
The bottle rocket is being turned into a new
substance.
Phases of Matter
 Is this a chemical change, or a physical change?
Physical
The ingredients for ice cream are mixed and
cooled in a machine. The ice cream has the same
chemical structure when it was a liquid as it
does when it is a solid.
Phases of Matter
 Is this a chemical change, or a physical change?
Chemical
The egg has been cooked, and that has changed
it into a new substance.
Heat
 Heat energy is also called thermal energy.
 Heat = the transfer of thermal energy from one
substance to another.
 Heat flows from a warmer substance to a cooler
substance (moves from a high temp. to a low temp.)
 Heat can change the state of a substance – ex. Solid
to a liquid or liquid to a gas (evaporation)
 Study Jams – Heat
 Brain Pop - Heat
Types of Heat Transfer
 Conduction – heat transfer through solids
(contact or touch happens between the 2
objects)
Examples:
 Your feet transfer (conduct) heat to a cold tile floor
 A spoon placed in hot soup becomes warmer as the
spoon conducts heat away from the hot soup
Conduction Examples
 Convection – heat is circulated through fluids (like
air or water)
 A fluid is defined as a liquid or gas because fluids
have the ability to flow from one place to another
 Consider this - when you look at the road in the
summertime on a hot day, you may notice that the
air above the road looks “blurry” – this is
convection taking place as the hot air directly over
the road absorbs the heat from the road and rises.
Although the explanation can be quite complex,
convection can help explain why mirages are seen
in the desert.
Convection example
 Question: If conduction deals with solids and
convection deals with liquids, how does heat arrive
to Earth from the Sun?
 There is very little matter in between the Earth and
Sun.
 Heat can travel in waves without a medium (a
liquid, solid, or gas).
 Radiation is the term that describes the transfer of
heat between two objects that are not touching.
The Electromagnetic
Spectrum
 All of the forms of electromagnetic energy in the
spectrum can travel through the universe as waves
– we call this radiation.
 Gamma rays have a high concentration of waves
while a radio has a low concentration.
 Other examples of radiation include putting your
hand near an iron to see if it is hot and feeling the
warm sun on your skin.
Heating the Troposphere
 All of the previous methods play a role to heat the
atmosphere.
 This movement causes convection currents.
 Convection currents move heat throughout the
troposphere.
 Cooler air moving into warmer air can cause severe
storms.
All 3 types of heat transfer are represented here
(Convection, Conduction, Radiation)
Heat Transfer
 When trying to differentiate between convection, conduction,
and radiation, ask yourself: Where is the heat coming from?
and Where is the heat going?
 Remember: heat moves from warmer areas to cooler areas and
it rises!
 Examples:
 When placing a metal spoon in hot soup, heat travels from the
soup to the spoon. Because the heats travels to a solid, this
would be a form of conduction.
 When warm air rises, it heats the top floor of a house. Because
the heat moves within a fluid (air), this would be a form of
convection.
 When making toast, heat moves from the toaster to the bread
(without touching). Because the heat moves in electrically
created waves, this would be a form of radiation.
Try this!
 Write the following in your journal and next to each
one, write on of the following:
 Convection
 Conduction
 Radiation
 Drying clothes in a dryer
 Lighting a candle
_________________
_______________________
 Using a water heater
_____________________
 The sun warming sand
___________________
Need to know!
 insulators: an object that resists heat or that is
difficult for heat to pass through (copper,
aluminum, gold, silver, etc.)
 conductors: an object that allows heat to pass
through easily (glass, air, plastic, rubber, wood, etc.)
What is the difference between
qualitative and quantitative?
 Qualitative – physical attributes (color, shape,
texture, smell, etc.)
 Quantitative – measurable characteristics (weight,
length, amount, height etc.)
 Pumpkins
 Qual (orange, hard, bumpy, etc.
 Quan (8 lbs, 23 creases, 18 inches circumference,
etc.)
Conservation of Matter
 Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a
physical change or a chemical change
 Scientists call this the law of conservation
 If you cut a piece of paper into tiny pieces, you have
more pieces of paper, but you have not made more
paper.