ELL SCIENCE EOY REVISION STUDY GUIDE
Living things are made of five types of molecules. What are they?
1
4
2
5
3
Who was Robert Hooke?
What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
1
2
3
What is a prokaryote?
Give an example of a prokaryotic organism:
What is a heterotroph?
Give an example of a heterotrophic organism:
What is an autotroph?
Give an example of an autotrophic organism:
What is a eukaryote?
Give an example of a eukaryotic organism:
What are three functions of proteins?
Are all living things made of cells?
What is homeostasis?
Give an example of how an organism maintains homeostasis:
What are two functions of carbohydrates?
1
2
What are two functions of lipids?
1
2
What are the 8 levels of taxonomy of living things?
____________
____________
____________
Class________
____________
____________
Genus_______
____________
What is the function of nucleic acids?
What are two structures in plant cells that are not in animal cells?
1
2
What are the three Domains of living things?
1
3
2
Binomial nomenclature names organisms by ______________ and ______________.
What is an enzyme?
Proteins are made up of units called __________ _________.
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
1
2
Structure
Function
____nucleus
a. this is where ribosomes are produced
____cytoskeleton
b. stores water and gives plant cells shape
____lysosome
c. jelly-like fluid outside the nucleus, contains the organelles
____endoplasmic reticulum
d. separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, has pores
____cell wall
e. converts sugar into energy the cell can use
____cell membrane
f. breaks down and recycles older molecules and organelles
____cytoplasm
g. contains the DNA, is the control center of the cell
____nucleolus
h. a complex of DNA and proteins
____mitochondria
i. this organizes cell division in animal cells
____ribosome
j. this is where proteins are made
____nuclear envelope
k. a system of passageways for transport of materials
____vacuole
l. this is the organelle where photosynthesis occurs
____centriole
m. modifies and packages proteins for transport in the cell
____chloroplast
n. gives shape and support to cells in plants and bacteria
____golgi apparatus
o. controls what enters and leaves the cell
____vesicle
p. small packages that move things around the cell
____chromatin
q. maintains cell shape and helps cells to move
Which is the animal cell and which is the plant cell? Label the structures below:
AA
Give 4 examples of elements:
-
-
-
-
What is the main function of nucleic acids?
What is an example of a large (complex) carbohydrate?
What is an example of a small (simple) carbohydrate?
What are two examples of lipids?
-
-
Nucleic acids are made of many monomers called __________________________.
Proteins are made of many monomers called _____________ ______________.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
What do enzymes do for a cell?
Which type of macromolecule makes most of the cell membrane?
What is the role of the cell membrane?
What 3 types of cells have a cell wall?
-
-
What is active transport?
Is diffusion active or passive transport?
What happens to a cell placed in pure water?
What happens to a cell placed in very salty water?
What are two types of organisms that are heterotrophs?
Show the complete equation for photosynthesis:
What is chlorophyll?
Which plant cell organelle performs photosynthesis?
What are stomata?
What is cell respiration?
What is ATP?
Show the complete equation for respiration:
What is fermentation?
What are the two types of fermentation?
-
-
Which produces more ATP for the cell, respiration or fermentation?
What is a product of alcoholic fermentation you can eat?
What is a product of lactic acid fermentation you can eat?
What are three reasons cells divide?
-
-
What are the three main parts of the cell cycle?
What happens in mitosis?
What happens during cytokinesis?
What happens during G1?
What happens during S-phase?
What happens during G-2?
What are the four phases of mitosis (in order)?
What happens during prophase?
What happens during metaphase?
What happens during anaphase?
What happens during telophase?
What is cytokinesis?
How many cells are produced when one cell goes through mitosis?
Are the two cells produced by mitosis different or the same as each other?
What are the subunits of DNA?
What sequence would go with this DNA sequence: TTGCGAAGTC
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Where in the cell does DNA replication happen?
Who was the first to study and understand heredity (the Father of Genetics)?
What is a trait? Give three examples of traits.
What are genes?
What are alleles?
How many alleles does an individual have for one trait?
What is homozygous?
What is heterozygous?
What is a genotype?
What is a phenotype?
What is a dominant allele?
What is a recessive allele?
In a certain type of mouse the allele for black fur is dominant (B) and the allele for brown fur is
recessive (b).
If a mouse has black fur what are the two possible genotypes for that plant?
-
-
If a mouse has brown fur what is the genotype for that mouse?
Use a Punnett Square to answer the following questions:
A) If a mouse with brown fur is crossed with another mouse with brown fur, what percentage of
the offspring will have black fur?
B) If a heterozygous mouse is crossed with another heterozygous mouse, what percentage of the
offspring will have black fur? What percentage will have brown fur?
C) If a homozygous recessive mouse is crossed with a homozygous dominant mouse, what
percentage of the offspring will have black fur? What percentage will have yellow fur?
Label the diagram with the
following choices: prophase,
metaphase, anaphase,
telophase and interphase
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell (egg cell or sperm cell)?
What is meiosis?
When a cell goes through meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced?
Are all the daughter cells identical or different?
What are 2 examples of human traits controlled by one gene and two alleles?
How many human blood types are there? What are they?
-
-
-
-
If the genotype is IA i what is the blood type?
If the genotype is IB i what is the blood type?
If the genotype is IA IB what is the blood type?
If the genotype is i i what is the blood type?
Use a Punnett Square to answer the following questions:
A man with type AB blood has children with a woman with type O blood.
What percentage of the children will have AB blood type?
What percentage will have O blood type?
What percentage will have type B blood?
A man with IB i genotype has children with a woman with IA i genotype.
What percentage of the children will have type O blood?
What percentage will have type AB blood?
What is a carrier?
Does a carrier show the trait?
What is an example of a trait that is sex-linked?
If a woman is a carrier for hemophilia and has children with a hemophiliac man, what percentage
of the male children will be hemophiliacs? What percentage of the females will be hemophiliacs?
What percentage of the females will be carriers?
What is a mutation?
What is Down’s syndrome?
What is the cause of Down’s Syndrome?
Why do more boys get hemophilia than girls?
What is a virus?
What is a host cell?
Why do viruses invade a host cell?
What are the two parts of a virus?
-
-
What are the four steps of virus reproduction?
-
-
-
-
What type of organisms do viruses attack?
What is a bacteriophage?
What are two diseases that vaccines have helped to stop?
-
-
What is a vaccine?
Do medicines work against viruses?
Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Do bacteria have a cell wall?
What is a flagella?
What are three shapes of bacteria cells?
What is an anaerobic bacteria?
What is binary fission?
What is conjugation?
-
What are three important roles bacteria play in nature?
-
-
What is an antibiotic?
What is antibiotic resistance?
What are two diseases bacteria cause in humans?
-
-
_____ sponges
a) organ level of organization
_____ worms
b) tissue level of organization
_____ cnidarians
c) cellular level of organization
_____ cambium
a) absorbs water for the plant
_____ stomata
b) holds the plant upright and transports materials
_____ root hairs
c) xylem and phloem tissue come from this
_____ leaf
d) most of the photosynthesis happens here
_____ stem
e) small openings that allow gases in and out of the plant
_____ choanocytes
f) cell in a sponge that moves water with flagella
_____ nematocysts
g) free swimming life stage of a cnidarian
_____ Ascaris
h) parasitic roundworm that infects humans
_____ polyp
i) stinging cells in cnidarians
_____ medusa
j) life stage of cnidarians attached to rock or sea bed
Define:
pollinationperennial plantstigmaantherstomataxylemphloemheterotrophyautotrophprokaryoteeukaryotefruiting bodyhyphaeRed Tideannual plantbiennial plantphototropism1. What are the 3 parts of a seed?
-
-
2. What are 3 ways a plant can get pollinated?
-
-
4. What are 3 reasons protists are very important in nature? (3)
-
-
5. What are 3 examples of pollinators? (3)
-
-
-
6. Place the following taxonomic groups in order, from largest (1) to smallest (7): (5)
____ phylum ____ genus____ order ____ species ____ family
7. Give an example of a nonvascular plant:
Tell which are heterotrophic (H) and which are autotrophic (A):
moss
fungi
apple tree
snail
dinoflagellate
conifer
spider
amoeba
flatworm
fern
jellyfish
sponge
kelp
green algae
euglena
diatom
insect
squid
____ kingdom ____class
Label 8 parts of a flower below: sepal, stigma, petal, style, filament, anther, ovary, ovule (8)
_____ insect
a) arthropods with 4 sets of legs
_____ radula
b) skeleton on the inside of the body
_____ omnivore
c) eats only plants
_____ arachnids
d) covers the mollusk organs and makes the shell
_____ carnivore
e) process of losing the exoskeleton and making a new one
_____ herbivore
f) eats plants and animals
_____ mantle
g) cnidarian life stage attached to rock
_____ polyp
h) organ used to get food by gastropods
_____ molting
i) eats only meat
_____ starfish
j) human disease spread by mosquitos
_____ tube feet
k) organism that makes its own food
_____ hermaphrodite
l) a type of echinoderm that is a predator
_____ arachnids
m) skeleton on the outside of the body
_____ pesticide
n) used to get oxygen from water
_____ decomposer
o) sensory structure in arthropods
_____ gills
p) includes spiders and scorpions
_____ malaria
q) an insect that can eat wood
_____ sea urchin
r) has 3 body segments and 6 legs
_____ water vascular system
s) study of how organisms interact with the environment
_____ endoskeleton
t) organism that helps flowering plants to reproduce
_____ exoskeleton
u) organism that is male and female
_____ antennae
v) small structures used to help echinoderms move
_____ echinoderms
w) chemical used to kill insects and other organisms
_____ producer
x) organism that breaks down dead organisms for food
_____ termite
y) includes sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and starfish
_____ ecology
z) echinoderm that eats kelp
_____ pollinator
aa) tubes that store water in starfish
What are FIVE characteristics of all chordates?
1
4
2
5
3
Which of the 5 characteristics are present in adult humans?
What is an endotherm?
What are the three groups of fishes?
-
-
What are 2 characteristics of vertebrates?
-
-
What are the 5 classes of vertebrates?
-
-
-
-
Which classes of vertebrates are endotherms?
What is an ectotherm?
What classes of vertebrates are ectotherms?
_____ lancelet
a) animal keeps constant body temperature
_____ tunicate
b) type of urochordate
_____ endotherm
c) type of skeleton vertebrates have
_____ ectotherm
d) type of skeleton spiders have
_____ notochord
e) flexible, rodlike structure, becomes backbone
_____ endoskeleton
f) type of cephalochordate
_____ exoskeleton
g) animal body temperature changes with surroundings
What are two adaptations that help endotherms maintain a constant internal temperature?
What is an advantage to having an endoskeleton?
What is a disadvantage of having an endoskeleton?
Which protists produce oxygen?
What are 4 ways insects are important in the environment?
-
-
-
-
What are 3 characteristics of all arthropods?
What are the five characteristics all chordates have at some point in their development?
What are 3 types of feathers?
1
3
2
How do reptiles get oxygen?
What are 3 adaptations birds have that help them fly?
1
2
What does amphibian mean?
3
What are three adaptation amphibians have for life on land?
-
-
-
What is a lateral line in fish?
What are two things fins are used for?
1
2
What is a tetrapod?
Give ten examples of tetrapods:
How are the bird lungs different than mammals or reptiles?
How is the adult frog’s circulatory system different than the tadpole?
What are three examples of bony fish?
Why are amphibians sensitive to environmental disruptions?
How do fish breathe?
Which subclass of fish has the lateral line and an operculum?
What does ectothermic mean?
Which classes of vertebrates are endotherms?
What is a crop?
How do reptiles get food?
What are four groups of reptiles?
What are three clues that tell you amphibians evolved from animals that lived in the water?
How is the reptile egg different than amphibian eggs?
What is yolk?
How does the reptile embryo get oxygen?
What are 4 characteristics of birds?
-
-
-
-
Why do amphibians have to live close to water?
What is the oldest bird fossil?
What were the first vertebrates to live on land?
What are 3 things feathers do for birds?
1
2
3
What is a swim bladder?
What is Archaeopteryx?
What do downy feathers do?
How is the bird heart different than the reptile heart?
Describe the amphibian egg:
What class of vertebrates are birds?
Why are having very good lungs and heart important for birds?
What three classes of vertebrates are ectotherms?
What is a gizzard?
Why do birds eat so much?
What are three adaptations that help reptiles live in far away from water?
What are 3 ways birds are important in the environment?
How is the reptile skin different than the amphibian?
Fish taxonomy:
Kingdom ______________________
Phylum ______________________
Subphylum _______________________
What are the three subclasses of fish?
1
2
3
What are two examples of jawless fish?
-
-
What are three examples of cartilaginous fish?
-
-
What is the world’s largest fish?
What is an operculum?
What are three examples of bony fish?
-
What layer of skin is mostly dead cells?
What layer of skin has many fat cells?
What causes athlete’s foot?
-
_____ operculum
a. heart in reptiles
_____ crop
b. keeps constant body temperature
_____ snake
c. grinds food in bird stomach
_____ tadpole
d. covers gills in bony fish
_____ agnathan
e. eagles and hawks
_____ gizzard
f. helps fish control depth in water
_____ Aves
g. a cartilaginous fish
_____ endotherm
h. fossil is part reptile, part bird
_____ Archaeopteryx
i. baby frog, fish-like
_____ flightless birds
k. feathers that provide warmth
_____ tetrapod
l. heart in fish
_____ shark
m. ducks, geese and loons
_____ downy
n. vertebrate class of birds
_____ ectotherm
o. movement of air in bird lungs
_____ birds of prey
p. reptiles with no legs
_____ gills
q. jawless fish
_____ swim bladder
r. help fish move and stay upright
_____ fins
s. has 4 legs (or 2 legs and 2 arms/wings)
_____ lateral line
t. helps fish sense the surroundings
_____ 4 chambers
u. body temperature changes with environment
_____ 3 chambers
v. penguins and ostrich
_____ 2 chambers
w. heart in birds
_____ one-way air flow
x. storage place for food in birds
_____ water birds
y. how fish get oxygen
What causes most skin cancer?
Suppose blood is in the pulmonary vein. Place in order where the blood would go next:
_____ lungs
_____ veins
_____ pulmonary vein
_____ left ventricle
_____ right ventricle
_____ arterioles
_____ aorta
_____ right atrium
_____ capillary beds
_____ venules
_____ pulmonary artery
_____ vena cava
_____ left atrium
What are 5 five roles that the skeletal system plays:
-
-
-
-
What are organ systems?
Give 5 examples of organ systems:
-
-
-
-
What are tendons?
What is a society?
What are four characteristics of mammals?
-
-
-
-
What is anatomy?
Which two characteristics of mammals are only found in mammals?
-
-
Which type of muscle helps you move your arms and legs?
What are the 3 main ways that animals communicate with each other?
-
-
What is courtship behavior?
What is the diaphragm?
What are the three Sub-classes of Mammals
What is a stimulus?
What are monotremes?
Give two examples of monotremes:
-
-
What does smooth muscle do?
What is cartilage?
Give an example of an external stimulus:
What tissue in bones produces blood cells?
Give an example of an internal stimulus:
What are marsupials?
Give two examples of marsupials
-
-
What are two important minerals stored by bones?
How are marsupials different from other mammals?
What is physiology?
What is a gestation period?
What is a pheromone?
What are placental mammals?
Give five examples of placental mammals:
What are the bones in the axial skeleton?
What is the placenta? What does it do?
What is insight learning?
What are the bones in the appendicular skeleton?
What is the cell theory?
1
2
3
What tissue in bones produces blood cells?
What is instinctive behavior? Give an example.
What connects the placenta to the embryo?
What are joints?
What is an animal that would have a very long gestation period?
What are 5 functions of skin?
What are the four main tissue types? Give examples of each.
-
-
-
-
Why is using a pheromone maybe better than using sound to communicate?
What is homeostasis?
What are involuntary muscles? Give examples.
What are 4 things that animals compete for?
-
-
-
-
What are the four layers of bone?
-
-
-
-
What is a mammal that would have a short gestation period?
What are the three types of muscle?
-
-
What are four types of mammalian teeth?
-
-
-
-
What are five levels of organization in the body?
-
-
-
-
-
What is osteoporosis?
What is imprinting?
What are three ways that living in a group provides safety to animals?
-
-
What is a circadian rhythm?
What type of muscle is in the digestive tract and blood vessels?
How is learned behavior different than instinctive behavior?
What is a territory?
What type of muscle never gets tired?
What are ligaments?
Who was Konrad Lorenz?
Why do infant mammals stay with their mother for a longer time than other animals?
What is trial-and-error learning?
What are voluntary muscles? Give examples.
What is hibernation?
Give 2 examples of animals that hibernate:
-
-
What is migration?
What are 4 things animals use to know where they are going during migration?
-
-
-
-
What are 3 reasons that animals migrate?
-
-
Why can cardiac muscle keep contracting all the time without any rest? (2 things)
-
-
_____ bone that protects the brain
a. cervical
_____ bone that protects the lungs and other organs
b. humerus
_____ bone in the arm
c. cranium
_____ bone in the leg
d. lumbar
_____ bones that connect legs to vertebral column
e. ribs
_____ bones in the hand
f. femur
_____ vertebrae in the neck
h. thoracic
_____ vertebrae in the lower back
i. pelvic girdle
_____ vertebrae in the middle back
j. phalanges
_____ possum
l. teeth for catching prey
_____ spiny anteater
m. skeletal muscle
_____ muscle in heart
n. marsupial
_____ muscle in organs
o. cardiac muscle
_____ muscle in legs
p. teeth for cutting
_____ humans
q. placental mammal
_____ incisors
r. teeth for grinding
_____ canines
s. monotreme
_____ molars
t. smooth muscle
The small intestine is usually thought of as having three sections. What are the three sections of
the small intestine?
-
-
Which section of the small intestine has the most villi?
Which section of the small intestine is where most digestion takes place?
______ tendon
a. controls peristalsis
______ fiber
b. prevents food from trachea
______ smooth muscle
c. prevents stomach acid from entering esophagus
______ epiglottis
d. controls movement of food into small intestine
______ pepsin
e. decreases acidity of chyme
______ pancreatic juices
f. connects muscle to bone
______ mucus
g. water reabsorption
______ bile
h. protects walls of stomach
______ large intestine
i. breaks down fat molecules
______ pyloric sphincter
j. is not digested well
______ gastric sphincter
k. breaks down proteins
What are 5 characteristics all chordates have at some point in development?
-
-
-
-
-
What are the 3 layers of skin?
Suppose blood is in the aorta. Place in order where the blood would go next:
_____ aorta
_____ capillary beds
_____ pulmonary vein
_____ left atrium
_____ right ventricle
_____ arterioles
_____ veins
_____ vena cava
_____ left ventricle
_____ venules
_____ pulmonary artery
_____ right atrium
_____ back into the lungs