Statistical release
P0211
Quarterly Labour Force Survey
Quarter 4: 2016
Embargoed until:
14 February 2017
10:30
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EXPECTED RELEASE DATE
May 2017
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Contents
Page
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Highlights of the results ................................................................................................................................................ 1
3. Employment .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Conditions of employment for employees .................................................................................................................. 8
4. Unemployment .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
5. Education and labour force participation. ................................................................................................................... 11
7. Other labour market trends ......................................................................................................................................... 16
7.1 Year-on-year changes .............................................................................................................................................. 16
7.2 Trends in unemployment rate by sex........................................................................................................................ 17
8. Comparison of the QLFS and the QES ...................................................................................................................... 18
9. Technical notes ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
9.1 Response details ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
9.2 Survey requirements and design .............................................................................................................................. 19
9.3 Sample rotation ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
9.4 Weighting ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
9.5 Non-response adjustment ......................................................................................................................................... 20
9.6 Final survey weights ................................................................................................................................................. 20
9.7 Estimation ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
9.8 Reliability of the survey estimates ............................................................................................................................ 21
10. Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................. 21
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List of Tables
Table A: Key labour market indicators .............................................................................................................................. 1
Table B: Employment by industry ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Table C: Employment by occupation ................................................................................................................................ 4
Table D: Employment by province .................................................................................................................................... 6
Table E: Employment by province and municipality ......................................................................................................... 7
Table F: Unemployment rate by province ......................................................................................................................... 9
Table G: Unemployment rate by metropolitan municipality .............................................................................................. 9
Table H: Education levels of the South African labour force, Q4: 2008 and Q4: 2016 .................................................. 11
Table I: Labour force participation rate by levels of education and age, Q4: 2008 and Q4: 2016 ................................ 12
Table J: Key differences between the QLFS and the QES ............................................................................................ 18
Table K: Response rates by province and metropolitan area......................................................................................... 19
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Quarter-to-quarter changes in employment, Q1:2010 to Q4:2016 ............................................................. 2
Figure 2: Quarter-to-quarter changes in employment by sector, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016 ........................................... 3
Figure 3: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the formal sector by industry ......................................... 3
Figure 4: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the informal sector by industry ...................................... 4
Figure 5: Share of employed men by occupation and population group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016 ........................... 5
Figure 6: Share of employed women by occupation and population group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016 ...................... 5
Figure 7: Share of employed persons by education and population group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016 ....................... 6
Figure 8: Quarter-to-quarter changes in nature of employment contract .................................................................. 8
Figure 9: Year-on-year changes in nature of employment contract .......................................................................... 8
Figure 10: Quarter-to-quarter changes in unemployment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016 .................................................... 8
Figure 11: NEET rates for youth aged 15-24 years by sex and age group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016 ..................... 10
Figure 12: Labour force participation rate by level of education; Q4: 2008 –Q4: 2016. .......................................... 12
Figure 13: Labour force participation rate by level of education and sex; Q4: 2008 –Q4: 2016. ............................ 12
Figure 14: Labour force by education level and population group; Q4: 2008 ......................................................... 13
Figure 15: Labour force by education level and population group; Q4: 2016 ......................................................... 13
Figure 16: Level of education by occupation, Q4: 2016. ......................................................................................... 14
Figure 17: Education level of the employed by province, Q4: 2016. ....................................................................... 14
Figure 18: Education level of the unemployed by province, Q4: 2016. ................................................................... 14
Figure 19: Year-on-year changes in total employment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016 ....................................................... 16
Figure 20: Year-on-year changes in formal-sector employment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016 ........................................ 16
Figure 21: Year-on-year changes in informal-sector employment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016 ...................................... 17
Figure 22: Unemployment rate by sex, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016 ................................................................................ 17
Figure 23: Formal sector trends in QLFS and QES, Q1: 2010 to Q3: 2016 ............................................................ 18
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Appendix 1
Table 1: Population of working age (15–64 years) ........................................................................................................... 1
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups .............................................................................. 2
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group ............................................................................................ 4
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group ...................................................................................................... 6
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro ........................................................................................ 8
Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment .............................................. 20
Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment ......................... 22
Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment .................................... 24
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment ..................... 26
Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex – South Africa ............................................................................................... 34
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province ............................................................................................................... 35
Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry – South Africa ........................................................................................... 39
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector ................................................................................................................. 40
Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation – South Africa .......................................................................................... 45
Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment – South Africa ......................................................................... 46
Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work – South Africa ............................................................................ 47
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa ..................................................................................................... 48
Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment – South Africa ............................................................................................. 54
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa............................................................................................ 55
Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active – South Africa .......................................................................... 57
Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa ............................................................................................ 58
Table 7: Profile of those not in education and not in employment – South Africa .......................................................... 62
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province .................................................... 63
Appendix 2
Table 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex ........................................................................... 67
Table 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ................................................... 69
Table 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province ................................................................ 71
Table 3.1A: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex ......................................................................... 83
Table 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector .................................................................... 84
Table 3.5A: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation .................................................................... 88
Table 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex ........................................................................... 89
Table 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ................................................... 91
Table 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province ................................................................ 93
Table 3.1B: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex ....................................................................... 105
Table 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector .................................................................. 106
Table 3.5B: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation .................................................................. 110
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1. Introduction
The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) is a household-based sample survey conducted by Statistics South
Africa (Stats SA). It collects data on the labour market activities of individuals aged 15 years and above who live in
South Africa. However, this report only covers labour market activities of persons aged 15–64 years.
This report presents the key findings of the QLFS conducted from October to December 2016 (Q4: 2016).
2. Highlights of the results
Table A: Key labour market indicators
Oct-Dec
2015
Jul-Sep
2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Year-onQtr-to-qtr
year
change
change
Per cent
0,4
1,7
Population aged 15–64 yrs
36 272
36 750
Thousand
36 905
155
633
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
21 211
16 018
11 180
2 684
860
1 294
21 706
15 833
11 029
2 641
881
1 281
21 849
16 069
11 156
2 695
919
1 299
143
235
127
53
38
17
638
51
-24
11
59
5
0,7
1,5
1,2
2,0
4,3
1,3
3,0
0,3
-0,2
0,4
6,9
0,4
5 193
5 873
5 781
-92
588
-1,6
11,3
15 061
2 279
12 782
15 044
2 291
12 753
15 055
2 292
12 763
12
1
10
-6
14
-19
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
0,6
-0,2
24,5
27,1
26,5
-0,6
2,0
44,2
58,5
43,1
59,1
43,5
59,2
0,4
0,1
-0,7
0,7
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employment/population ratio
(absorption rate)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
The working age population grew by 155 000 or 0,4 per cent and the labour force grew by 143 000 persons in Q4:
2016 compared to Q3: 2016. The number of unemployed persons decreased by 92 000 during the same period
which, combined with an increase of 235 000 in the number of employed, resulted in a quarterly decline of 0,6 of a
percentage point in the unemployment rate to 26,5%, an increase in the absorption rate (0,4 of a percentage point)
and an increase in the labour force participation rate (0,1 of a percentage point). The not economically active
population increased by 12 000, of which 1 000 were discouraged work-seekers.
Employment rose in all sectors; formal sector employment increased by 127 000 while informal sector employment
increased by 53 000. Employment in Agriculture rose by 38 000 and Private household Agriculture employment by
17 000 in Q4:2016.
Compared to Q4: 2015, employment increased by 51 000 or 0,3 per cent while unemployment grew by 588 000 or
11,3 per cent. This led to an increase in the unemployment rate by 2,0 percentage points to 26,5%. Despite the
quarterly growth, the inactive population in Q4: 2016 declined (down by 6 000 or 0,0 per cent) compared to Q4: 2015.
This decline was mainly observed in the Other (not economically active) population.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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3. Employment
Figure 1: Quarter-to-quarter changes in employment, Q1:2010 to Q4:2016
The number of employed persons increased by 235 000 in Q4:2016 following an increase of 288 000 in the previous
quarter.
Table B: Employment by industry
Industry
Total*
Oct-Dec
2015
Jul-Sep
2016
16 018
Agriculture
860
Mining
483
Manufacturing
1 738
Utilities
123
Construction
1 438
Trade
3 280
Transport
900
Finance and other business
services
2 273
Community and social services
3 624
Private households
1 294
*Note: Total includes ‘other’ industry.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear change
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-on-year
change
15 833
Thousand
16 069
235
51
Per cent
1,5
881
438
1 683
118
1 491
3 198
915
919
421
1 727
131
1 483
3 222
961
38
-17
44
13
-9
24
46
59
-62
-11
8
44
-58
61
4,3
-3,8
2,6
11,1
-0,6
0,8
5,0
6,9
-12,8
-0,6
6,4
3,1
-1,8
6,8
2 323
3 499
1 281
2 329
3 571
1 299
6
73
17
56
-53
5
0,2
2,1
1,3
2,4
-1,5
0,4
0,3
Table B shows that the quarterly employment gains of 235 000 in Q4: 2016 were driven by increases in eight of the
ten industries. The largest increases were recorded in Community and social services (73 000), Transport (46 000),
Manufacturing (44 000) and Agriculture (38 000). The number of employed persons decreased in two industries,
namely Mining (17 000) and Construction (9 000).
The year-on-year employment gains of 51 000 were largely constituted to by Transport, Agriculture and Finance and
other business services industries which grew by (61 000, 59 000 and 56 000) jobs respectively. Employment
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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declines were reflected in four of the ten industries namely Mining (62 000), Trade (58 000) Community and social
services (53 000) and Manufacturing (11 000).
Figure 2: Quarter-to-quarter changes in employment by sector, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016
Following two successive declines in employment in Q1: 2016 and Q2: 2016, both the formal and informal sectors
recorded employment gains in Q3: 2016 and Q4: 2016 (127 000 and 53 000, respectively).
Figure 3: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the formal sector by industry
Mining is a very clustered industry, hence the industry might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample.
For more robust mining estimates, please use the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES).
Between Q3: 2016 and Q4: 2016, the number of employed persons in the formal sector increased in six industries.
The largest employment gains were recorded in Community and social services (48 000), Transport (47 000) and
Finance and other business services (33 000). During the same period formal sector employment declined in the
Mining (19 000) and Construction (12 000) industries.
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Year-on-year changes show employment gains in the Finance and other business services (97 000), Transport
(48 000) and Utilities (6 000) industries, while Construction remained unchanged. Between Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016,
job losses in the formal sector were observed in four industries, with the largest declines recorded in the Mining
(65 000), Community and social services (51 000) and Trade (44 000) industries.
Figure 4: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the informal sector by industry
The largest employment gains in the informal sector were recorded in Manufacturing (29 000), Community and social
services (25 000) and Trade (21 000) in Q4: 2016 compared to Q3: 2016. This sector recorded quarterly employment
losses in the Finance and other business services (27 000) and Transport (1 000) industries.
Compared to Q4: 2015, employment levels in the informal sector declined in Finance and other business services
(42 000), Trade (14 000) and Community and social services (2 000). The largest annual employment gains were
observed in the Construction (44 000), Transport (13 000) and Manufacturing (6 000) industries during the same
period.
Table C: Employment by occupation
Occupation
Total
Oct-Dec
2015
16 018
Jul-Sep
2016
15 833
Manager
1 314
1 352
Professional
772
835
Technician
1 455
1 465
Clerk
1 708
1 651
Sales and services
2 529
2 474
Skilled agriculture
102
72
Craft and related trade
1 989
1 947
Plant and machine operator
1 278
1 312
Elementary
3 842
3 700
Domestic worker
1 029
1 026
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
16 069
235
51
1 420
892
1 479
1 681
2 484
66
1 977
1 319
3 758
993
68
57
14
30
11
-6
30
7
58
-33
106
120
24
-27
-45
-36
-12
40
-84
-36
Qtr-toYear-onqtr
year
change
change
Per cent
1,5
0,3
5,0
6,9
0,9
1,8
0,4
-8,6
1,6
0,5
1,6
-3,2
8,0
15,6
1,7
-1,6
-1,8
-35,3
-0,6
3,2
-2,2
-3,5
On a quarterly basis, employment increased in eight of the ten occupations in Q4:2016. The largest increases were
recorded in Managerial (68 000), Elementary (58 000) and Professional (57 000) occupations. Domestic worker and
Skilled agriculture occupations shed 33 000 and 6 000 jobs respectively.
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Year-on-year changes reflect employment increases in four occupations, with the largest gains observed in two of
the skilled occupations which are Professional and Managerial occupations (120 000 and 106 000 respectively).
Between Q4:2015 and Q4:2016, the largest employment losses were recorded in the Elementary (84 000), Sales
and services (45 000) and in the Skilled agriculture and Domestic worker (36 000 each) occupations.
Figure 5: Share of employed men by occupation
and population group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016
Figure 6: Share of employed women by occupation
and population group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016
Note: 'Skilled' includes Manager, Professional and Technician occupations; 'Semi-skilled' includes Clerk, Sales and services, Skilled
agriculture, Craft and related trade and Plant and machine operator occupations; 'Low-skilled' includes Elementary and Domestic worker
occupations.
The white and Indian/Asian population groups (both men and women) dominate employment in skilled occupations.
The majority of black African and coloured men were employed in semi-skilled and low-skilled occupations. However,
the employment shares among black African and coloured men in low-skilled occupations declined and increased
in skilled occupations over the period Q4: 2015 to Q4: 2016. The share of Indian/Asian and white men employed in
skilled occupations also increased. The greatest change for men employed in skilled occupations was observed
among the coloured population at 4,2 percentage points, followed by the Indian/Asian population at 3,4 percentage
points (Figure 5).
Black African women are more vulnerable in the labour market, with larger employment shares in low-skilled
occupations. The proportion of black African women employed in low-skilled occupations was around 43% in both
Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016. White women were more likely to be employed in skilled occupations (58,9%), while only
18,5% of black African women were employed in these occupations in Q4: 2016.
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Figure 7: Share of employed persons by education and population group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016
Note: 'Graduate' includes post-higher diploma, bachelor’s degree, post-graduate diploma, honours degree and higher degree.
Values for ‘Other’ are not shown on the graph.
The share of employed persons with tertiary qualifications (graduates and other tertiary) was highest among the
white and Indian/Asian population groups. In Q4: 2016, 49,5% of the employed white population and 30,3% of the
employed Indian/Asian population had a tertiary qualification, while the share of employed persons with a tertiary
qualification among the black African and the coloured population groups was only 17,0% and 13,0% respectively.
In both Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016, more than 50% of the employed black African and coloured population had
education levels below matric.
Table D: Employment by province
Province
South Africa
Oct-Dec
2015
16 018
Jul-Sep
2016
15 833
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
16 069
Western Cape
2 380
2 315
Eastern Cape
1 411
1 443
Northern Cape
312
308
Free State
825
781
KwaZulu-Natal
2 529
2 496
North West
969
900
Gauteng
5 090
5 068
Mpumalanga
1 191
1 174
Limpopo
1 311
1 349
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
2 386
1 447
298
757
2 541
959
5 111
1 155
1 414
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Year-onyear
change
235
51
70
5
-10
-24
45
60
44
-19
64
6
36
-14
-68
12
-10
22
-36
103
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
1,5
0,3
Qtr-to-qtr
change
3,0
0,3
-3,3
-3,0
1,8
6,6
0,9
-1,6
4,8
0,3
2,5
-4,4
-8,2
0,5
-1,1
0,4
-3,0
7,8
The number of employed persons increased in six of the nine provinces between Q3:2016 and Q4:2016. The largest
employment gains were observed in Western Cape (70 000), Limpopo (64 000) and North West (60 000), while Free
State, Mpumalanga and Northern Cape recorded employment declines of 24 000, 19 000 and 10 000, respectively
over this period.
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For the year ended December 2016, employment gains were recorded in five of the nine provinces. Limpopo,
Eastern Cape and Gauteng recorded the largest increases (103 000, 36 000 and 22 000, respectively). The largest
employment losses were recorded in Free State (68 000), Mpumalanga (36 000) and Northern Cape (14 000).
Table E: Employment by province and municipality
Province and municipality
Oct-Dec
2015
Jul-Sep
2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
South Africa
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
Qtr-to-qtr
change
16 018
15 833
16 069
235
51
1,5
0,3
Western Cape
Non-metro
City of Cape Town
2 380
869
1 511
2 315
847
1 469
2 386
903
1 482
70
57
14
6
35
-29
3,0
6,7
0,9
0,3
4,0
-1,9
Eastern Cape
Non-metro
Buffalo City
Nelson Mandela Bay
1 411
822
245
344
1 443
863
239
341
1 447
842
239
367
5
-21
-1
26
36
20
-7
23
0,3
-2,4
-0,3
7,7
2,5
2,4
-2,7
6,6
825
559
266
781
538
243
757
523
234
-24
-15
-9
-68
-36
-32
-3,0
-2,7
-3,7
-8,2
-6,4
-12,0
KwaZulu-Natal
Non-metro
eThekwini
2 529
1 406
1 124
2 496
1 355
1 141
2 541
1 384
1 157
45
29
16
12
-22
34
1,8
2,1
1,4
0,5
-1,6
3,0
Gauteng
Non-metro
Ekurhuleni
City of Johannesburg
City of Tshwane
5 090
623
1 256
1 950
1 261
5 068
598
1 222
1 978
1 270
5 111
583
1 264
1 995
1 269
44
-14
42
17
-1
22
-39
8
45
8
0,9
-2,4
3,5
0,9
-0,1
0,4
-6,3
0,6
2,3
0,6
Other*
3 783
3 731
3 826
95
43
2,5
1,1
Free State
Non-metro
Mangaung
*Note: 'Other' includes Northern Cape, North West, Mpumalanga and Limpopo. These provinces do not have metropolitan municipalities.
Between Q3: 2016 and Q4: 2016, employment levels increased in all metropolitan municipalities, with the exception
of Mangaung, Buffalo City and the City of Tshwane where the number of employed persons declined by 9 000 and
1 000 each for the latter two. Ekurhuleni and Nelson Mandela Bay recorded the highest gains in employment at
42 000 and 26 000, respectively.
Compared to the same period last year, employment decreases were recorded in three metropolitan municipalities,
namely Mangaung (32 000), the City of Cape Town (29 000) and Buffalo City (7 000). Annual employment gains
were observed in five metros, with the largest increase in the City of Johannesburg (45 000), followed by eThekwini
and Nelson Mandela Bay, which recorded increases of 34 000 and 23 000 jobs, respectively.
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3.1 Conditions of employment for employees
Figure 8: Quarter-to-quarter changes in nature of
employment contract
Figure 9: Year-on-year changes in nature
of employment contract
The number of employees with contracts of a permanent nature increased by 85 000 on a quarterly basis. However,
compared to the same period last year the number decreased by 49 000. Employees employed on limited duration
contracts decreased by 38 000 quarter-to-quarter and by 69 000 year-on-year.
4. Unemployment
Figure 10: Quarter-to-quarter changes in unemployment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016
Unemployment decreased by 92 000 quarter-to-quarter in Q4:2016, after an increase of 239 000 in Q3:2016.
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Table F: Unemployment rate by province
Official unemployment rate
Oct-Dec
2015
Jul-Sep
2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Per cent
Qtr-toqtr
change
Expanded unemployment rate
Year-onyear
change
Oct-Dec
2015
Percentage points
Jul-Sep
2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Per cent
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Percentage points
South Africa
24,5
27,1
26,5
-0,6
2,0
33,8
36,3
35,6
-0,7
1,8
Western Cape
19,4
21,7
20,5
-1,2
1,1
22,0
24,8
23,6
-1,2
1,6
Eastern Cape
27,4
28,2
28,4
0,2
1,0
40,3
41,3
41,3
0,0
1,0
Northern Cape
25,8
29,6
32,0
2,4
6,2
38,9
41,8
43,3
1,5
4,4
Free State
29,8
34,2
34,7
0,5
4,9
36,3
40,4
40,9
0,5
4,6
KwaZulu-Natal
20,5
23,5
23,9
0,4
3,4
36,8
40,4
40,7
0,3
3,9
North West
23,9
30,5
26,5
-4,0
2,6
38,9
44,6
40,9
-3,7
2,0
Gauteng
27,6
29,1
28,6
-0,5
1,0
30,2
32,8
32,1
-0,7
1,9
Mpumalanga
25,7
30,4
31,0
0,6
5,3
39,4
41,4
42,1
0,7
2,7
Limpopo
19,8
21,9
19,3
-2,6
-0,5
38,6
36,3
34,1
-2,2
-4,5
The official unemployment rate decreased by 0,6 of a percentage point quarter-to-quarter, and increased by 2,0
percentage points year-on-year. Quarterly decreases in the official unemployment rate were observed in four of the
nine provinces, with the largest decreases occurring in North West (4,0 percentage points), Limpopo (2,6 percentage
points), and Western Cape (1,2 percentage points). Over the same period, the official unemployment rate increased
in Northern Cape (2,4 percentage points), Mpumalanga (0,6 of a percentage point) and Free State (0,5 of a
percentage point).
The expanded unemployment rate decreased by 0,7 of a percentage point quarter-to-quarter to 35,6%. Between
Q3: 2016 and Q4: 2016, the expanded unemployment rate declined in four of the nine provinces, with North West
and Limpopo recording the largest declines of 3,7 and 2,2 percentage points respectively. The largest increases
were recorded in Northern Cape, Mpumalanga and Free State (1,5, 0,7 and 0,5 percentage points, respectively).
Table G: Unemployment rate by metropolitan municipality
OctDec
2015
Official unemployment rate
OctQtr-toJul-Sep
Dec
qtr
2016
2016
change
Per cent
South Africa
Western Cape
Year-onyear
change
OctDec
2015
Percentage points
24,5
27,1
26,5
City of Cape town
20,5
23,0
23,9
Non-metro
17,2
19,3
14,0
Buffalo City
23,8
28,1
33,4
Nelson Mandela Bay
30,6
31,8
29,6
Non-metro
27,1
26,7
26,3
Mangaung
22,8
30,9
Non-metro
32,7
35,5
eThekwini
15,9
20,2
Non-metro
23,8
26,1
City of Johannesburg
27,9
City of Tshwane
Ekurhuleni
Non-metro
-0,6
Expanded unemployment rate
OctQtr-toJul-Sep
Dec
qtr
2016
2016
change
Per cent
Yearon-year
change
Percentage points
2,0
33,8
36,3
35,6
-0,7
1,8
0,9
3,4
21,8
24,8
25,3
0,5
3,5
-5,3
-3,2
22,4
24,8
20,7
-4,1
-1,7
5,3
9,6
27,3
35,7
36,1
0,4
8,8
-2,2
-1,0
30,6
33,2
30,2
-3,0
-0,4
-0,4
-0,8
46,3
45,3
46,3
1,0
0,0
34,5
3,6
11,7
29,2
38,0
40,1
2,1
10,9
34,8
-0,7
2,1
39,2
41,4
41,2
-0,2
2,0
22,0
1,8
6,1
24,3
28,4
28,0
-0,4
3,7
25,4
-0,7
1,6
44,2
47,8
48,3
0,5
4,1
28,2
27,8
-0,4
-0,1
29,2
30,8
30,2
-0,6
1,0
23,4
26,2
25,7
-0,5
2,3
27,4
29,6
29,1
-0,5
1,7
30,8
27,5
31,7
32,3
30,6
32,7
-1,1
0,4
-0,2
5,2
33,0
32,9
35,5
39,1
34,4
38,5
-1,1
-0,6
1,4
5,6
Eastern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
Gauteng
Note: RSA includes all nine provinces, i.e. even those without metropolitan municipalities (Northern Cape, North West, Mpumalanga and
Limpopo).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
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Quarterly decreases in the official unemployment rate were observed in four of the eight metropolitan municipalities,
with Nelson Mandela Bay recording the largest increase of 2,2 percentage points. The official unemployment rate
increased in four of the metropolitan municipalities. Buffalo City and Mangaung showed the largest gains (5,3 and
3,6 percentage points, respectively). Compared to Q4: 2015, Mangaung recorded the largest increase in the official
unemployment rate (11,7 percentage points).
Between Q3: 2016 and Q4: 2016, the expanded unemployment rate decreased in five metropolitan municipalities,
with Nelson Mandela Bay recording the largest decrease of 3,0 percentage points. Mangaung recorded the highest
increases in the expanded unemployment rate (2,1 percentage points).
Figure 11: NEET rates for youth aged 15-24 years by sex and age group, Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016
In Q4: 2016, 30,1% of youth aged 15–24 years were not in employment, education or training (NEET). This is a
percentage point increase compared to the same period last year. Over the period, the NEET rate among females
was higher than that of their male counterparts irrespective of age group. In both Q4: 2015 and Q4: 2016, more than
50% of female youth in the 20–24 year age group were not in employment, education or training.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
11
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5. Education and labour force participation.
Education is generally good insurance against unemployment and for an individual to stay in employment. It provides
both productive capacities to individuals and their signals to potential employers. Hence, qualifications attained by
workers are their main asset in competition for jobs available in the labour market (Gangl, 2000, p.3)1. Educational
attainment also increases access to decent jobs, while those with lower educational attainment are at risk of
economic marginalisation, since they are both less likely to participate in the labour force and more likely to be
without a job, even if they actively seek one.
The education-labour force participation relation is important from the standpoint of social policy; the questions here
being whether lack of education is associated not only with the kinds of jobs a person can get and with his exposure
to unemployment but also with his ability and willingness to seek employment in the first place (Education at a
glance, 2016)2.
This chapter seeks to investigate the relations between educational attainment and the level of participation in the
labour market, focusing primarily on the education levels of the South African labour force (employed and
unemployed) using different demographics.
Table H: Education levels of the South African labour force, Q4: 2008 and Q4: 2016
Education level of the labour force by age Q4: 2008
Age
(years)
Less than
Matric
Matric
Other
Tertiary
Graduates
Education level of the labour force by age Q4: 2016
Other
Less than
Matric
Matric
Per cent
Other
Tertiary
Graduates
Other
Per cent
15-64
54,8
28,7
10,0
5,4
1,1
49,8
31,6
10,6
7,0
1,0
15-19
68,7
29,8
0,6
0,4
0,4
61,6
36,5
1,0
0,0
0,9
20-24
50,1
40,4
6,6
2,0
1,0
46,3
43,1
7,5
2,6
0,5
25-29
50,3
35,4
9,9
3,4
1,1
46,7
36,9
10,1
5,7
0,6
30-34
50,0
33,2
11,3
4,6
0,9
47,9
33,8
10,9
6,5
0,8
35-39
52,1
29,6
11,2
5,8
1,2
46,8
32,0
12,7
7,4
1,1
40-44
57,3
22,4
11,8
7,4
1,1
49,8
29,8
11,6
7,9
1,0
45-49
62,1
18,2
10,2
8,3
1,2
54,0
25,1
10,7
9,1
1,1
50-54
65,1
13,7
10,7
8,9
1,6
57,7
21,4
10,6
8,6
1,7
55-59
65,7
14,1
9,7
8,8
1,7
57,6
19,0
10,1
11,7
1,7
60-64
61,8
18,1
8,3
10,1
1,8
51,7
20,1
12,6
13,1
2,6
Table H highlights the levels of education of the South African labour force by age group in Q4: 2008 and Q4: 2016.
This shows that in 2008, 54,8% of the labour supply in South Africa had no matric, this has changed to 49,8% in
2016. At the same time, the proportion of graduates in the labour force increased among all age groups between
2008 and 2016 except for those aged 15-19 and 50-54 years.
1
2
Education and the labour market entry across Europe, M Gangl, 2000.
Educational attainment and employment outcomes, OECD, 2016.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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Table I: Labour force participation rate by levels of education and age, Q4: 2008 and Q4: 2016
Labour force participation rate by education level and age
Q4: 2008
Less than
Other
Age
Matric
Matric
Tertiary
Graduates Other
(years)
Per cent
Labour force participation rate by education level and
age Q4: 2016
Less than
Other
Matric
Matric
Tertiary
Graduates
Other
Per cent
15-64
48,8
73,9
90,1
89,4
69,4
48,6
71,5
85,2
88,7
55,3
15-19
6,1
30,9
31,9
100,0
11,6
4,1
30,0
33,5
0,0
4,3
20-24
45,5
59,8
82,4
66,8
59,0
40,3
50,7
71,1
70,0
30,3
25-29
67,9
81,1
90,3
91,7
85,1
66,4
76,2
84,2
86,1
70,5
30-34
70,6
84,9
95,3
94,1
78,6
72,1
80,8
88,4
94,4
78,2
35-39
71,7
87,5
95,6
95,3
72,9
73,5
85,5
92,7
95,0
84,1
40-44
70,1
82,5
94,6
91,6
77,2
74,1
86,7
92,3
96,8
70,3
45-49
68,2
86,5
93,3
96,5
80,6
70,3
79,1
90,1
91,7
70,9
50-54
59,1
74,6
88,2
93,4
75,4
60,8
78,6
90,7
92,3
73,7
55-59
48,7
66,1
80,6
85,4
63,1
48,6
72,1
74,2
83,9
62,7
60-64
23,9
39,9
49,1
56,9
37,8
19,3
41,0
47,5
55,4
35,8
Table I shows that, the labour force participation increases with the level of education. More than 80% of graduates
and persons with other tertiary qualifications participated in the labour market. Those with less than a matric level of
qualification have the lowest rate of labour force participation compared to other education categories.
Figure 12: Labour force participation rate by
level of education; Q4: 2008 –Q4: 2016.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Figure 13: Labour force participation rate by
level of education and sex; Q4: 2008 –Q4: 2016.
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Persons with a higher level of education participate more in the labour force compared to those with lower levels of
education. Figure 12 shows a decline in the level of participation between Q4: 2008 and Q4: 2016 for persons in all
levels of education. The labour force participation rate for males is higher than that of their female counterparts for
all education levels. The participation rate of female graduates increased between Q4:2008 and Q4:2016 while that
of males decrease between the same period (Figure 13).
Figure 14: Labour force by education level and
population group; Q4: 2008
Figure 15: Labour force by education level and
population group; Q4: 2016
Figure 14 and 15 show that the proportion of graduates in the labour force improved among all population groups
between 2008 and 2016. However, the pattern of the proportion of graduates among the black African labour force
being the lowest, followed by coloureds and the white being the highest was maintained. In Q4:2016 the black
African labour force constituted only 4,7 percent of graduates while the white labour force consituted 27,4 percent
of graduates.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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Figure 16: Level of education by occupation, Q4: 2016.
Note: 'Skilled' includes Manager, Professional and Technician occupations; 'Semi-skilled' includes Clerk, Sales and services, Skilled
agriculture, Craft and related trade and Plant and machine operator occupations; 'Low-skilled' includes Elementary and Domestic worker
occupations.
Figure 16 shows that 89% of graduates were employed in skilled occupations compared to 5,2% of those with less
than matric. Those with matric constitute a larger proportion in the semi-skilled occupations, while a larger proportion
of persons with an education level below matric were employed in low-skilled occupations.
Figure 17: Education level of the employed by
province, Q4: 2016.
Figure 18: Education level of the unemployed
by province, Q4: 2016.
In six of the nine provinces, over 50% of the employed persons have an education level below matric. Gauteng,
Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal have the largest proportions of employed persons with matric or a higher level of
education, while Limpopo, Eastern Cape and North West had the lowest proportions of employed persons with
matric or a higher level of education.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
15
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
6. Summary of labour market measures at a glance, Q4: 2016
PJ Lehohla
Statistician-General: Statistics South Africa
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
16
7. Other labour market trends
7.1 Year-on-year changes
Figure 19: Year-on-year changes in total employment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016
Figure 20: Year-on-year changes in formal-sector employment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
17
Figure 21: Year-on-year changes in informal-sector employment, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016
7.2 Trends in unemployment rate by sex
Figure 22: Unemployment rate by sex, Q1: 2010 to Q4: 2016
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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8. Comparison of the QLFS and the QES
Table J: Key differences between the QLFS and the QES
QLFS
Coverage
Sample size
Reference period
Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC)
Formal sector definition
(excluding Agriculture and
Private households)
QES
Private households and workers' hostels
Non-institutional population (15 years and
older)
Total employment (including informal sector,
Private households, Agriculture and small
businesses)
Quarterly sample of approximately 30 000
dwellings in which households reside
Payroll of VAT-registered businesses
Employees only
One week prior to the interview
Payroll on the last day of the quarter
All industries
Excluding Agriculture and Private households
Employers and own-account workers
registered for VAT or income tax
Employees paying income tax and those not
paying tax but working in firms with five or
more workers
Formal sector excluding Agriculture
Quarterly sample of 20 000 non-agricultural formalsector businesses
Employees on payroll of VAT-registered businesses
Figure 23: Formal sector trends in QLFS and QES, Q1: 2010 to Q3: 2016
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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9. Technical notes
9.1 Response details
Table K: Response rates by province and metropolitan area
Province / Metropolitan Area
Oct–Dec 2016
Per cent
National
89,7
Western Cape
91,6
Non-metro
92,6
City of Cape Town
91,2
Eastern Cape
93,8
Non-metro
95,8
Buffalo City
87,5
Nelson Mandela Bay
91,0
Northern Cape
89,8
Free State
93,5
Non-metro
94,6
Mangaung
90,8
KwaZulu-Natal
93,7
Non-metro
93,4
eThekwini
94,1
North West
91,6
Gauteng
80,0
Non-metro
79,0
Ekurhuleni
83,6
City of Johannesburg
76,0
City of Tshwane
83,4
Mpumalanga
93,4
Limpopo
97,4
9.2 Survey requirements and design
The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) uses the Master Sample frame that has been developed as a generalpurpose household survey frame that can be used by all other Stats SA household-based surveys having design
requirements that are reasonably compatible with the QLFS. The 2013 Master Sample is based on information
collected during the 2011 Census conducted by Stats SA. In preparation for Census 2011, the country was divided
into 103 576 enumeration areas (EAs). The census EAs, together with the auxiliary information for the EAs, were
used as the frame units or building blocks for the formation of primary sampling units (PSUs) for the Master Sample,
since they covered the entire country and had other information that is crucial for stratification and creation of PSUs.
There are 3 324 primary sampling units (PSUs) in the Master Sample with an expected sample of approximately
33 000 dwelling units (DUs). The number of PSUs in the current Master Sample (3 324) reflects an 8,0% increase
in the size of the Master Sample compared to the previous (2008) Master Sample (which had 3 080 PSUs). The
larger Master Sample of PSUs was selected to improve the precision (smaller coefficients of variation, known as
CVs) of the QLFS estimates.
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The Master Sample is designed to be representative at provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro
levels. Within the metros, the sample is further distributed by geographical type. The three geography types are
Urban, Tribal and Farms. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area, the sample is representative of
the different geography types that may exist within that metro.
It is divided equally into four sub-groups or panels called rotation groups. The rotation groups are designed in such
a way that each of these groups has the same distribution pattern as that which is observed in the whole sample.
They are numbered from one (1) to four (4) and these numbers also correspond to the quarters of the year in which
the sample will be rotated for the particular group.
The sample for the QLFS is based on a stratified two-stage design with probability proportional to size (PPS)
sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second
stage.
9.3 Sample rotation
For each quarter of the QLFS, a ¼ of the sampled dwellings are rotated out of the sample. These dwellings are
replaced by new dwellings from the same PSU or the next PSU on the list. Thus, sampled dwellings are expected
to remain in the sample for four consecutive quarters. It should be noted that the sampling unit is the dwelling, and
the unit of observation is the household. Therefore, if a household moves out of a dwelling after being in the sample
for, say two quarters (as an example) and a new household moves in, the new household will be enumerated for the
next two quarters. If no household moves into the sampled dwelling, the dwelling will be classified as vacant (or
unoccupied).
9.4 Weighting
The sample weights were constructed in order to account for the following: the original selection probabilities (design
weights), adjustments for PSUs that were sub-sampled or segmented, excluded population from the sampling frame,
non-response, weight trimming, and benchmarking to known population estimates from the Demographic Analysis
Division within Stats SA.
9.5 Non-response adjustment
In general, imputation is used for item non-response (i.e. blanks within the questionnaire) and edit failures (i.e. invalid
or inconsistent responses). The eligible households in the sampled dwellings can be divided into two response
categories: respondents and non-respondents. Weight adjustment is applied to account for the non-respondent
households (e.g. refusal, no contact, etc.). The adjustment for total non-response was computed at two levels of
non-response: PSU non-response and household non-response.
9.6 Final survey weights
In the final step of constructing the sample weights, all individuals within a household are assigned the same adjusted
base weight. The adjusted base weights are calibrated such that the aggregate totals will match with independently
derived (by Stats SA Demography Division) population estimates (from the Demographic Analysis Division) for
various age, race and gender groups at national level and individual metropolitan and non-metropolitan area levels
within the provinces. The calibrated weights are constructed using the constraint that each person within the same
household should have the same calibrated weight, with a lower bound on the calibrated weights set at 50.
9.7 Estimation
The final survey weights are used to obtain the estimates for various domains of interest, e.g. number of persons
employed in Agriculture in Western Cape, number of females employed in Manufacturing, etc.
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9.8 Reliability of the survey estimates
Since estimates are based on sample data, they differ from figures that would have been obtained from complete
enumeration of the population using the same instrument. Results are subject to both sampling and non-sampling
errors. Non-sampling errors include biases from inaccurate reporting, processing, and tabulation, etc., as well as
errors from non-responses and incomplete reporting. These types of errors cannot be measured readily. However,
to some extent, non-sampling errors can be minimised through the procedures used for data collection, editing,
quality control, and non-response adjustment. The variances of the survey estimates are used to measure sampling
errors.
(i) Variance estimation
The most commonly used methods for estimating variances of survey estimates from complex surveys such as the
QLFS, are the Taylor-series Linearization, Jack-knife Replication, Balanced Repeated Replication (BRR), and
Bootstrap methods (Wolter, 2007) 3. The Fay's BRR method has been used for variance estimation in the QLFS
because of its simplicity.
(ii) Coefficient of variation
It is more useful in many situations to assess the size of the standard error relative to the magnitude of the
characteristic being measured (the standard error is defined as the square root of the variance). The coefficient of
variation
 cv  provides such a measure. It is the ratio of the standard error of the survey estimate to the value
of the estimate itself expressed as a Per centage. It is very useful in comparing the precision of several different
survey estimates, where their sizes or scale differ from one another.
(iii) P-value of an estimate of change
The p-value corresponding to an estimate of change is the probability of observing a value larger than the particular
observed value under the hypothesis that there is no real change. If p-value <0,01, the difference is highly significant;
if p-value is between 0,01 and 0,05; then the difference is significant; and if p-value >0,05, the difference is not
significant.
10. Definitions
Discouraged work-seeker is a person who was not employed during the reference period, wanted to work, was
available to work/start a business but did not take active steps to find work during the last four weeks, provided that
the main reason given for not seeking work was any of the following: no jobs available in the area; unable to find
work requiring his/her skills; lost hope of finding any kind of work.
Economic activities are those that contribute to the production of goods and services in the country. There are two
types of economic activities, namely: (1) Market production activities (work done for others and usually associated
with pay or profit); and (2) Non-market production activities (work done for the benefit of the household, e.g.
subsistence farming).
Employed persons are those aged 15–64 years who, during the reference week, did any work for at least one hour,
or had a job or business but were not at work (i.e. were temporarily absent).
Employment-to-population ratio (labour absorption rate) is the proportion of the working-age population that is
employed.
3
Wolter, K.M. 2007. Introduction to Variance Estimation, 2nd Edition. New York: Springer-Verlag.
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Informal employment identifies persons who are in precarious employment situations irrespective of whether or
not the entity for which they work is in the formal or informal sector. Persons in informal employment therefore
comprise all persons in the informal sector, employees in the formal sector, and persons working in private
households who are not entitled to basic benefits such as pension or medical aid contributions from their employer,
and who do not have a written contract of employment.
Informal sector: The informal sector has the following two components:
i)
Employees working in establishments that employ fewer than five employees, who do not deduct income
tax from their salaries/wages; and
ii)
Employers, own-account workers and persons helping unpaid in their household business who are not
registered for either income tax or value-added tax.
The labour force comprises all persons who are employed plus all persons who are unemployed.
Labour force participation rate is the proportion of the working-age population that is either employed or
unemployed.
Long-term unemployment: Persons in long-term unemployment are those individuals among the unemployed who
were without work and trying to find a job or start a business for one year or more.
Not economically active: Persons aged 15–64 years who are neither employed nor unemployed in the reference
week.
Persons in underemployment (time-related) are employed persons who were willing and available to work
additional hours, whose total number of hours actually worked during the reference period were below 35 hours per
week.
Underutilised labour comprises three groups that are defined as follows: persons who are underemployed, persons
who are unemployed, and persons who are discouraged.
Unemployed persons are those (aged 15–64 years) who:
a) Were not employed in the reference week; and
b) Actively looked for work or tried to start a business in the four weeks preceding the survey interview; and
c) Were available for work, i.e. would have been able to start work or a business in the reference week; or
d) Had not actively looked for work in the past four weeks but had a job or business to start at a definite date
in the future and were available.
Unemployment rate is the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed.
The working-age population comprises all persons aged 15–64 years.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
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Appendix 1
Table 1: Population of working age (15–64 years)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Women
Men
36 272
18 383
17 889
36 431
18 456
17 975
36 591
18 530
18 061
36 750
18 604
18 145
36 905
18 679
18 226
155
74
81
633
296
337
0,4
0,4
0,4
1,7
1,6
1,9
Population groups
Black/African
Coloured
Indian/Asian
White
36 272
28 879
3 346
980
3 067
36 431
29 033
3 356
983
3 059
36 591
29 187
3 366
985
3 052
36 750
29 341
3 377
988
3 044
36 905
29 493
3 386
990
3 036
155
151
10
2
-8
633
614
40
10
-31
0,4
0,5
0,3
0,2
-0,3
1,7
2,1
1,2
1,0
-1,0
South Africa
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
36 272
4 317
4 124
771
1 875
6 739
2 445
9 636
2 776
3 589
36 431
4 341
4 133
773
1 879
6 764
2 456
9 692
2 789
3 604
36 591
4 365
4 142
775
1 882
6 789
2 468
9 748
2 802
3 619
36 750
4 389
4 153
778
1 884
6 815
2 479
9 802
2 815
3 634
36 905
4 412
4 166
780
1 885
6 841
2 490
9 854
2 828
3 649
155
24
12
2
1
26
11
51
13
14
633
95
42
9
10
102
45
218
52
60
0,4
0,5
0,3
0,3
0,1
0,4
0,4
0,5
0,4
0,4
1,7
2,2
1,0
1,2
0,5
1,5
1,8
2,3
1,9
1,7
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
2
P0211
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups
Both sexes
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
36 272
21 211
16 018
11 180
2 684
860
1 294
5 193
15 061
2 279
12 782
36 431
21 398
15 675
10 983
2 565
869
1 257
5 723
15 033
2 434
12 599
36 591
21 179
15 545
10 917
2 507
825
1 296
5 634
15 412
2 526
12 886
36 750
21 706
15 833
11 029
2 641
881
1 281
5 873
15 044
2 291
12 753
36 905
21 849
16 069
11 156
2 695
919
1 299
5 781
15 055
2 292
12 763
155
143
235
127
53
38
17
-92
12
1
10
633
638
51
-24
11
59
5
588
-6
14
-19
24,5
44,2
58,5
26,7
43,0
58,7
26,6
42,5
57,9
27,1
43,1
59,1
26,5
43,5
59,2
-0,6
0,4
0,1
2,0
-0,7
0,7
18 383
9 567
6 995
4 665
1 019
288
1 023
2 572
8 816
1 294
7 522
18 456
9 672
6 840
4 641
966
271
961
2 832
8 784
1 306
7 479
18 530
9 524
6 754
4 583
960
235
976
2 770
9 006
1 369
7 637
18 604
9 727
6 873
4 652
970
255
996
2 854
8 877
1 301
7 576
18 679
9 883
7 031
4 754
977
305
995
2 852
8 796
1 289
7 506
74
156
159
102
8
51
-1
-3
-82
-12
-69
296
316
36
89
-41
17
-29
280
-20
-5
-16
26,9
38,1
52,0
29,3
37,1
52,4
29,1
36,4
51,4
29,3
36,9
52,3
28,9
37,6
52,9
-0,4
0,7
0,6
2,0
-0,5
0,9
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,4
0,7
1,5
1,2
2,0
4,3
1,3
-1,6
0,1
0,1
0,1
1,7
3,0
0,3
-0,2
0,4
6,9
0,4
11,3
0,0
0,6
-0,2
0,4
1,6
2,3
2,2
0,8
19,9
-0,1
-0,1
-0,9
-0,9
-0,9
1,6
3,3
0,5
1,9
-4,1
6,0
-2,8
10,9
-0,2
-0,4
-0,2
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
3
P0211
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups (concluded)
Men
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other(not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
17 889
11 644
9 023
6 515
1 665
572
270
2 621
6 245
985
5 260
17 975
11 726
8 835
6 342
1 599
598
296
2 891
6 249
1 128
5 120
18 061
11 655
8 792
6 335
1 546
590
320
2 864
6 406
1 157
5 249
18 145
11 979
8 960
6 377
1 672
627
285
3 018
6 166
989
5 177
18 226
11 966
9 037
6 402
1 718
614
304
2 929
6 260
1 003
5 257
81
-13
77
25
46
-13
18
-90
94
14
80
337
322
15
-113
52
42
34
308
14
18
-4
0,4
-0,1
0,9
0,4
2,7
-2,0
6,5
-3,0
1,5
1,4
1,5
22,5
50,4
65,1
24,7
49,2
65,2
24,6
48,7
64,5
25,2
49,4
66,0
24,5
49,6
65,7
-0,7
0,2
-0,3
2,0
-0,8
0,6
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
1,9
2,8
0,2
-1,7
3,1
7,3
12,4
11,7
0,2
1,8
-0,1
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
4
P0211
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group
South Africa
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black/African
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
36 591
21 179
15 545
5 634
15 412
36 750
21 706
15 833
5 873
15 044
36 905
21 849
16 069
5 781
15 055
155
143
235
-92
12
633
638
51
588
-6
0,4
0,7
1,5
-1,6
0,1
1,7
3,0
0,3
11,3
0,0
26,7
43,0
58,7
26,6
42,5
57,9
27,1
43,1
59,1
26,5
43,5
59,2
-0,6
0,4
0,1
2,0
-0,7
0,7
28 879
16 382
11 860
4 522
12 497
29 033
16 569
11 576
4 993
12 464
29 187
16 452
11 506
4 946
12 736
29 341
16 920
11 764
5 156
12 421
29 493
17 043
11 939
5 105
12 450
151
123
174
-51
29
614
661
79
582
-48
0,5
0,7
1,5
-1,0
0,2
2,1
4,0
0,7
12,9
-0,4
27,6
41,1
56,7
30,1
39,9
57,1
30,1
39,4
56,4
30,5
40,1
57,7
30,0
40,5
57,8
-0,5
0,4
0,1
2,4
-0,6
1,1
3 346
2 130
1 670
460
1 216
3 356
2 166
1 655
511
1 191
3 366
2 094
1 609
485
1 273
3 377
2 129
1 642
488
1 247
3 386
2 159
1 685
474
1 227
10
30
43
-14
-20
40
30
15
14
11
0,3
1,4
2,6
-2,8
-1,6
1,2
1,4
0,9
3,1
0,9
21,6
49,9
63,6
23,6
49,3
64,5
23,2
47,8
62,2
22,9
48,6
63,1
22,0
49,8
63,8
-0,9
1,2
0,7
0,4
-0,1
0,2
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
36 272
21 211
16 018
5 193
15 061
36 431
21 398
15 675
5 723
15 033
24,5
44,2
58,5
Coloured
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
5
P0211
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
985
572
505
67
414
988
601
522
79
387
990
602
535
67
388
2
1
13
-13
1
10
15
12
3
-5
12,3
50,8
57,9
11,7
51,2
58,0
13,2
52,8
60,9
11,1
54,1
60,8
-2,1
1,3
-0,1
0,2
0,7
0,9
3 067
2 112
3 059
2 095
3 052
2 062
3 044
2 055
3 036
2 045
-8
-10
1 965
147
955
1 945
150
964
1 926
136
990
1 905
150
989
1 910
135
991
6,9
64,1
68,9
7,2
63,6
68,5
6,6
63,1
67,6
7,3
62,6
67,5
6,6
62,9
67,4
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
980
587
524
64
392
983
569
499
70
414
10,9
53,4
59,9
Indian/Asian
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,2
0,1
2,6
-15,9
0,3
1,0
2,5
2,3
4,5
-1,2
-31
-67
-0,3
-0,5
-1,0
-3,2
4
-15
2
-56
-11
36
0,2
-9,8
0,2
-2,8
-7,8
3,8
-0,7
0,3
-0,1
-0,3
-1,2
-1,5
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
6
P0211
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group
15-64 years
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
15-24 years
Population 15-24 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
36 591
21 179
15 545
5 634
15 412
36 750
21 706
15 833
5 873
15 044
36 905
21 849
16 069
5 781
15 055
155
143
235
-92
12
633
638
51
588
-6
26,7
43,0
58,7
26,6
42,5
57,9
27,1
43,1
59,1
26,5
43,5
59,2
-0,6
0,4
0,1
2,0
-0,7
0,7
10 300
2 654
1 317
1 337
7 646
10 305
2 761
1 256
1 506
7 543
10 309
2 657
1 229
1 428
7 653
10 312
2 763
1 265
1 497
7 549
10 313
2 715
1 333
1 382
7 598
1
-47
67
-115
49
13
61
15
46
-48
50,4
12,8
25,8
54,5
12,2
26,8
53,7
11,9
25,8
54,2
12,3
26,8
50,9
12,9
26,3
-3,3
0,6
-0,5
0,5
0,1
0,5
9 546
7 130
5 054
2 075
2 416
9 586
7 182
4 939
2 242
2 405
9 627
7 033
4 824
2 208
2 594
9 666
7 215
4 896
2 319
2 451
9 704
7 273
4 954
2 319
2 431
38
58
58
0
-20
158
143
-100
244
14
29,1
52,9
74,7
31,2
51,5
74,9
31,4
50,1
73,1
32,1
50,7
74,6
31,9
51,1
74,9
-0,2
0,4
0,3
2,8
-1,8
0,2
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
36 272
21 211
16 018
5 193
15 061
36 431
21 398
15 675
5 723
15 033
24,5
44,2
58,5
25-34 years
Population 25-34 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,4
0,7
1,5
-1,6
0,1
1,7
3,0
0,3
11,3
0,0
0,0
-1,7
5,3
-7,7
0,6
0,1
2,3
1,2
3,4
-0,6
0,4
0,8
1,2
0,0
-0,8
1,7
2,0
-2,0
11,7
0,6
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
7
P0211
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
7 778
6 123
4 815
1 308
1 654
7 821
6 271
4 923
1 348
1 550
7 861
6 352
4 992
1 360
1 510
41
81
69
12
-41
174
257
56
201
-83
0,5
1,3
1,4
0,9
-2,6
2,3
4,2
1,1
17,3
-5,2
20,3
63,0
79,0
21,4
61,9
78,7
21,5
62,9
80,2
21,4
63,5
80,8
-0,1
0,6
0,6
2,4
-0,7
1,5
5 207
3 784
3 287
497
1 423
5 247
3 811
3 220
591
1 436
5 287
3 820
3 279
541
1 467
5 330
3 891
3 323
568
1 439
5 375
3 902
3 313
589
1 473
45
11
-10
21
34
168
118
26
92
50
0,8
0,3
-0,3
3,7
2,4
3,2
3,1
0,8
18,6
3,5
13,1
63,1
72,7
15,5
61,4
72,6
14,2
62,0
72,3
14,6
62,3
73,0
15,1
61,6
72,6
0,5
-0,7
-0,4
2,0
-1,5
-0,1
3 531
1 548
1 424
125
1 983
3 561
1 538
1 391
147
2 023
3 590
1 546
1 398
148
2 044
3 621
1 567
1 426
141
2 054
3 651
1 607
1 477
130
2 044
30
41
51
-10
-10
120
59
53
6
61
0,8
2,6
3,6
-7,4
-0,5
3,4
3,8
3,8
4,6
3,1
8,0
40,3
43,8
9,5
39,1
43,2
9,6
38,9
43,1
9,0
39,4
43,3
8,1
40,5
44,0
-0,9
1,1
0,7
0,1
0,2
0,2
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
7 687
6 095
4 935
1 159
1 592
7 732
6 106
4 868
1 238
1 627
19,0
64,2
79,3
35-44 years
Population 35-44 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
45-54 years
Population 45-54 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
55-64 years
Population 55-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
8
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
South Africa
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
36 272
21 211
36 431
21 398
36 591
21 179
36 750
21 706
36 905
21 849
155
143
633
638
0,4
0,7
1,7
3,0
16 018
5 193
15 061
2 279
12 782
15 675
5 723
15 033
2 434
12 599
15 545
5 634
15 412
2 526
12 886
15 833
5 873
15 044
2 291
12 753
16 069
5 781
15 055
2 292
12 763
235
-92
12
1
10
51
588
-6
14
-19
1,5
-1,6
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,3
11,3
0,0
0,6
-0,2
24,5
44,2
58,5
26,7
43,0
58,7
26,6
42,5
57,9
27,1
43,1
59,1
26,5
43,5
59,2
-0,6
0,4
0,1
2,0
-0,7
0,7
4 317
2 951
2 380
571
1 366
58
1 308
4 341
2 978
2 356
622
1 363
41
1 322
4 365
2 912
2 266
646
1 453
51
1 402
4 389
2 958
2 315
643
1 431
50
1 380
4 412
2 999
2 386
614
1 413
45
1 368
24
41
70
-29
-18
-5
-13
95
48
6
42
47
-13
60
0,5
1,4
3,0
-4,6
-1,2
-9,9
-0,9
2,2
1,6
0,3
7,4
3,4
-22,0
4,6
19,4
55,1
68,4
20,9
54,3
68,6
22,2
51,9
66,7
21,7
52,8
67,4
20,5
54,1
68,0
-1,2
1,3
0,6
1,1
-1,0
-0,4
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
9
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Western Cape - Non metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape - City of Cape Town
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
1 559
1 050
869
181
510
49
461
1 569
1 056
839
217
513
36
477
1 579
1 007
798
208
572
43
530
1 589
1 050
847
203
539
37
502
1 598
1 050
903
147
548
35
513
9
1
57
-56
9
-3
11
39
1
35
-34
38
-14
52
17,2
55,7
67,3
20,5
53,5
67,3
20,7
50,6
63,8
19,3
53,3
66,1
14,0
56,5
65,7
-5,3
3,2
-0,4
-3,2
0,8
-1,6
2 758
1 901
1 511
390
856
9
847
2 772
1 921
1 516
405
850
5
846
2 786
1 905
1 468
438
880
8
872
2 800
1 908
1 469
440
892
13
879
2 814
1 949
1 482
467
865
11
855
14
40
14
27
-26
-2
-24
57
48
-29
77
9
1
8
20,5
54,8
68,9
21,1
54,7
69,3
23,0
52,7
68,4
23,0
52,4
68,2
23,9
52,7
69,2
0,9
0,3
1,0
3,4
-2,1
0,3
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,6
0,1
6,7
-27,6
1,6
-7,1
2,3
2,5
0,1
4,0
-18,9
7,4
-29,1
11,3
0,5
2,1
0,9
6,1
-3,0
-17,9
-2,7
2,1
2,5
-1,9
19,6
1,1
14,7
0,9
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
10
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Eastern Cape
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
4 124
1 945
4 133
1 914
4 142
1 892
4 153
2 008
4 166
2 021
12
13
42
76
0,3
0,7
1,0
3,9
1 411
534
2 179
376
1 803
1 366
548
2 219
510
1 709
1 350
542
2 251
476
1 775
1 443
565
2 145
385
1 760
1 447
574
2 144
403
1 741
5
9
-1
18
-19
36
40
-34
27
-62
0,3
1,5
0,0
4,7
-1,1
2,5
7,5
-1,6
7,3
-3,4
27,4
34,2
47,2
28,6
33,1
46,3
28,6
32,6
45,7
28,2
34,7
48,4
28,4
34,7
48,5
0,2
0,0
0,1
1,0
0,5
1,3
2 836
1 127
2 843
1 088
2 850
1 085
2 857
1 176
2 866
1 142
8
-34
30
15
0,3
-2,9
1,1
1,3
822
305
1 709
363
1 346
787
301
1 754
479
1 275
794
291
1 765
465
1 300
863
313
1 681
355
1 327
842
300
1 724
395
1 329
-21
-13
43
41
2
20
-5
15
32
-17
-2,4
-4,2
2,5
11,4
0,2
2,4
-1,6
0,9
8,9
-1,3
27,1
29,0
39,7
27,6
27,7
38,3
26,8
27,9
38,1
26,7
30,2
41,2
26,3
29,4
39,8
-0,4
-0,8
-1,4
-0,8
0,4
0,1
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
11
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Eastern Cape - Buffalo City
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Nelson Mandela Bay
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
501
322
245
77
179
13
166
501
305
232
74
196
31
165
502
327
230
98
175
5
170
503
333
239
93
171
21
150
504
358
239
119
146
5
142
1
25
-1
26
-24
-16
-8
4
36
-7
43
-33
-8
-25
23,8
49,0
64,3
24,1
46,2
60,9
29,8
45,7
65,2
28,1
47,6
66,1
33,4
47,3
71,0
5,3
-0,3
4,9
9,6
-1,7
6,7
787
497
789
520
791
480
793
500
795
522
3
22
344
152
291
347
173
269
291
269
326
154
311
6
305
341
159
293
10
283
367
154
274
3
271
30,6
43,8
63,1
33,3
44,0
65,9
32,0
41,2
60,7
31,8
43,0
63,0
29,6
46,1
65,6
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,2
7,6
-0,3
27,9
-14,2
-76,8
-5,5
0,7
11,3
-2,7
55,9
-18,2
-62,7
-14,8
8
25
0,3
4,4
1,0
5,0
26
-4
-19
-7
-13
23
2
-17
7,7
-2,7
-6,6
-67,2
-4,5
6,6
1,4
-5,7
-2,2
3,1
2,6
-1,0
2,3
2,5
-20
-6,8
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
12
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Northern cape
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
771
420
773
433
775
417
778
437
780
438
2
1
9
18
0,3
0,3
1,2
4,4
312
108
351
59
292
313
121
340
53
287
303
114
359
67
291
308
129
341
55
286
298
140
342
56
286
-10
11
1
1
0
-14
32
-9
-3
-6
-3,3
8,8
0,4
2,6
-0,1
-4,4
29,7
-2,6
-4,6
-2,1
25,8
27,8
27,4
29,6
32,0
2,4
6,2
40,4
54,5
40,5
56,1
39,0
53,7
39,6
56,2
38,2
56,2
-1,4
0,0
-2,2
1,7
1 875
1 176
825
351
700
71
629
1 879
1 196
790
405
683
66
617
1 882
1 176
797
379
706
81
625
1 884
1 186
781
405
699
85
614
1 885
1 160
757
403
726
82
644
1
-26
-24
-2
27
-3
30
10
-16
-68
52
26
11
15
0,1
-2,2
-3,0
-0,6
3,9
-3,4
4,9
0,5
-1,4
-8,2
14,7
3,8
15,7
2,4
29,8
44,0
62,7
33,9
42,1
63,6
32,2
42,4
62,5
34,2
41,4
62,9
34,7
40,2
61,5
0,5
-1,2
-1,4
4,9
-3,8
-1,2
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
13
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Free State - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State - Mangaung
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,0
-3,8
-2,7
-5,7
6,1
6,9
6,0
0,2
-3,5
-6,4
2,6
6,0
30,2
3,6
1 351
831
559
272
520
47
472
1 352
846
540
307
506
43
463
1 353
825
547
278
528
56
472
1 354
834
538
296
519
58
462
1 354
803
523
279
551
62
489
0
-32
-15
-17
31
4
28
3
-29
-36
7
31
14
17
32,7
41,4
61,5
36,2
39,9
62,6
33,7
40,4
61,0
35,5
39,7
61,6
34,8
38,7
59,3
-0,7
-1,0
-2,3
2,1
-2,7
-2,2
524
344
527
349
529
351
531
351
532
357
1
6
8
13
0,2
1,6
1,5
3,7
266
79
180
23
157
251
99
177
23
154
250
101
178
25
153
243
109
179
27
152
234
123
175
20
155
-9
15
-4
-7
3
-32
45
-5
-3
-2
-3,7
13,4
-2,4
-25,2
1,6
-12,0
56,7
-2,8
-13,7
-1,2
22,8
50,7
65,7
28,2
47,6
66,3
28,8
47,3
66,3
30,9
45,8
66,2
34,5
44,0
67,1
3,6
-1,8
0,9
11,7
-6,7
1,4
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
14
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
6 739
3 181
6 764
3 272
6 789
3 204
6 815
3 262
6 841
3 340
26
78
102
158
0,4
2,4
1,5
5,0
2 529
652
3 558
608
2 950
2 515
757
3 493
623
2 869
2 479
726
3 585
639
2 946
2 496
766
3 553
704
2 849
2 541
799
3 501
708
2 794
45
32
-51
4
-55
12
147
-57
100
-156
1,8
4,2
-1,4
0,5
-1,9
0,5
22,5
-1,6
16,4
-5,3
20,5
37,5
47,2
23,1
37,2
48,4
22,6
36,5
47,2
23,5
36,6
47,9
23,9
37,1
48,8
0,4
0,5
0,9
3,4
-0,4
1,6
4 379
1 845
4 398
1 913
4 417
1 803
4 436
1 832
4 456
1 855
20
23
77
10
0,4
1,3
1,8
0,5
1 406
439
2 533
489
2 045
1 413
500
2 485
496
1 988
1 353
450
2 614
517
2 097
1 355
477
2 604
584
2 021
1 384
471
2 601
622
1 979
29
-6
-3
38
-41
-22
32
67
133
-66
2,1
-1,2
-0,1
6,5
-2,1
-1,6
7,3
2,7
27,2
-3,2
23,8
32,1
42,1
26,1
32,1
43,5
25,0
30,6
40,8
26,1
30,5
41,3
25,4
31,1
41,6
-0,7
0,6
0,3
1,6
-1,0
-0,5
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
15
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
KwaZulu-Natal - eThekwini
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,3
3,8
1,4
13,1
-5,0
-28,5
-1,6
1,0
11,1
3,0
53,9
-12,1
-27,9
-10,0
2 361
1 336
1 124
213
1 025
119
905
2 367
1 359
1 102
257
1 008
127
881
2 372
1 401
1 126
276
971
122
849
2 379
1 430
1 141
289
948
120
828
2 385
1 485
1 157
327
901
86
815
6
54
16
38
-48
-34
-13
24
148
34
115
-124
-33
-91
15,9
47,6
56,6
18,9
46,6
57,4
19,7
47,4
59,1
20,2
48,0
60,1
22,0
48,5
62,2
1,8
0,5
2,1
6,1
0,9
5,6
2 445
1 273
2 456
1 284
2 468
1 259
2 479
1 294
2 490
1 304
11
10
45
31
0,4
0,8
1,8
2,4
969
304
1 172
241
931
924
360
1 172
251
920
915
344
1 209
259
950
900
395
1 185
229
956
959
345
1 186
231
955
60
-50
1
2
-1
-10
41
14
-10
24
6,6
-12,6
0,1
0,9
-0,1
-1,1
13,6
1,2
-4,0
2,5
23,9
39,6
52,1
28,1
37,6
52,3
27,3
37,1
51,0
30,5
36,3
52,2
26,5
38,5
52,4
-4,0
2,2
0,2
2,6
-1,1
0,3
North West
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
16
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Gauteng
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
9 636
7 026
9 692
7 011
9 748
7 008
9 802
7 145
9 854
7 163
51
17
218
137
0,5
0,2
2,3
2,0
5 090
1 936
2 610
197
2 414
4 895
2 115
2 681
216
2 465
4 942
2 066
2 740
293
2 448
5 068
2 078
2 657
268
2 389
5 111
2 051
2 691
242
2 449
44
-26
34
-26
60
22
115
80
46
35
0,9
-1,3
1,3
-9,7
2,5
0,4
6,0
3,1
23,2
1,4
27,6
52,8
72,9
30,2
50,5
72,3
29,5
50,7
71,9
29,1
51,7
72,9
28,6
51,9
72,7
-0,5
0,2
-0,2
1,0
-0,9
-0,2
1 307
859
1 311
853
1 315
848
1 319
884
1 323
867
3
-17
16
8
0,3
-1,9
1,2
0,9
623
236
448
59
388
594
259
458
70
389
587
261
468
86
382
598
286
436
60
376
583
284
456
47
409
-14
-2
20
-13
33
-39
47
8
-12
20
-2,4
-0,7
4,6
-21,4
8,7
-6,3
20,0
1,8
-20,4
5,2
27,5
47,6
65,7
30,3
45,3
65,0
30,8
44,6
64,4
32,3
45,3
67,0
32,7
44,1
65,6
0,4
-1,2
-1,4
5,2
-3,5
-0,1
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
17
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Gauteng - Ekurhuleni
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - City of Johannesburg
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,4
1,9
3,5
-1,5
-3,5
-1,0
-3,8
1,9
0,4
0,6
-0,2
6,1
83,7
0,6
2 447
1 816
1 256
559
632
42
590
2 459
1 748
1 145
603
711
61
651
2 471
1 775
1 161
615
696
84
612
2 482
1 788
1 222
566
694
77
617
2 493
1 823
1 264
558
670
77
593
10
34
42
-8
-24
-1
-23
45
7
8
-1
38
35
4
30,8
51,3
74,2
34,5
46,5
71,1
34,6
47,0
71,8
31,7
49,2
72,0
30,6
50,7
73,1
-1,1
1,5
1,1
-0,2
-0,6
-1,1
3 532
2 704
3 556
2 746
3 580
2 741
3 605
2 753
3 628
2 765
24
12
97
60
0,7
0,4
2,7
2,2
1 950
755
827
26
801
1 926
820
810
21
789
1 963
777
840
44
795
1 978
775
852
76
775
1 995
770
864
67
797
17
-5
12
-10
22
45
15
36
40
-4
0,9
-0,7
1,4
-12,5
2,8
2,3
2,0
4,4
153,5
-0,5
27,9
55,2
76,6
29,9
54,2
77,2
28,4
54,8
76,5
28,2
54,9
76,4
27,8
55,0
76,2
-0,4
0,1
-0,2
-0,1
-0,2
-0,4
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
18
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Gauteng – City of Tshwane
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Mpumalanga
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,6
-0,7
-0,1
-2,3
3,9
-5,1
4,7
2,5
3,8
0,6
13,9
-0,3
-25,3
2,4
2 350
1 647
1 261
386
704
69
634
2 365
1 664
1 231
433
701
65
636
2 381
1 644
1 231
413
737
78
658
2 396
1 720
1 270
450
676
55
621
2 410
1 708
1 269
439
702
52
650
14
-12
-1
-11
26
-3
29
60
62
8
54
-2
-18
15
23,4
53,6
70,1
26,0
52,0
70,4
25,1
51,7
69,1
26,2
53,0
71,8
25,7
52,7
70,9
-0,5
-0,3
-0,9
2,3
-0,9
0,8
2 776
1 604
2 789
1 653
2 802
1 645
2 815
1 687
2 828
1 673
13
-14
52
69
0,4
-0,8
1,9
4,3
1 191
413
1 172
266
906
1 160
492
1 136
230
907
1 171
474
1 157
258
899
1 174
513
1 128
211
917
1 155
518
1 155
227
928
-19
5
26
16
11
-36
105
-17
-40
22
-1,6
1,0
2,3
7,4
1,2
-3,0
25,5
-1,5
-15,0
2,5
25,7
42,9
57,8
29,8
41,6
59,3
28,8
41,8
58,7
30,4
41,7
59,9
31,0
40,9
59,2
0,6
-0,8
-0,7
5,3
-2,0
1,4
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
19
P0211
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province and metro (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Limpopo
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
3 589
1 635
1 311
324
1 954
403
1 550
3 604
1 658
1 355
303
1 946
443
1 503
3 619
1 667
1 324
343
1 952
403
1 550
3 634
1 728
1 349
379
1 906
304
1 602
3 649
1 751
1 414
337
1 898
298
1 599
14
23
64
-42
-8
-6
-3
60
116
103
13
-56
-105
49
19,8
36,5
45,6
18,3
37,6
46,0
20,6
36,6
46,1
21,9
37,1
47,6
19,3
38,7
48,0
-2,6
1,6
0,4
-0,5
2,2
2,4
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
1,3
4,8
-11,0
-0,4
-1,9
-0,2
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
1,7
7,1
7,8
4,0
-2,9
-26,1
3,2
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
20
P0211
Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Both sexes
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
36 272
24 205
36 431
24 591
36 591
24 425
36 750
24 849
36 905
24 969
155
119
633
764
0,4
0,5
1,7
3,2
16 018
11 180
2 684
860
1 294
8 187
12 067
15 675
10 983
2 565
869
1 257
8 916
11 840
15 545
10 917
2 507
825
1 296
8 880
12 166
15 833
11 029
2 641
881
1 281
9 016
11 900
16 069
11 156
2 695
919
1 299
8 900
11 936
235
127
53
38
17
-116
36
51
-24
11
59
5
713
-131
1,5
1,2
2,0
4,3
1,3
-1,3
0,3
0,3
-0,2
0,4
6,9
0,4
8,7
-1,1
33,8
44,2
66,7
36,3
43,0
67,5
36,4
42,5
66,8
36,3
43,1
67,6
35,6
43,5
67,7
-0,7
0,4
0,1
1,8
-0,7
1,0
18 383
11 288
6 995
4 665
1 019
288
1 023
4 293
7 095
18 456
11 426
6 840
4 641
966
271
961
4 587
7 029
18 530
11 328
6 754
4 583
960
235
976
4 575
7 201
18 604
11 552
6 873
4 652
970
255
996
4 679
7 053
18 679
11 697
7 031
4 754
977
305
995
4 665
6 982
74
145
159
102
8
51
-1
-13
-71
296
409
36
89
-41
17
-29
373
-113
0,4
1,3
2,3
2,2
0,8
19,9
-0,1
-0,3
-1,0
1,6
3,6
0,5
1,9
-4,1
6,0
-2,8
8,7
-1,6
38,0
38,1
61,4
40,1
37,1
61,9
40,4
36,4
61,1
40,5
36,9
62,1
39,9
37,6
62,6
-0,6
0,7
0,5
1,9
-0,5
1,2
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
21
P0211
Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Men
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
-0,2
0,9
0,4
2,7
-2,0
6,5
-2,4
2,2
17 889
12 917
9 023
6 515
1 665
572
270
3 894
4 972
17 975
13 164
8 835
6 342
1 599
598
296
4 329
4 810
18 061
13 097
8 792
6 335
1 546
590
320
4 305
4 964
18 145
13 298
8 960
6 377
1 672
627
285
4 337
4 848
18 226
13 272
9 037
6 402
1 718
614
304
4 235
4 954
81
-26
77
25
46
-13
18
-103
107
337
355
15
-113
52
42
34
340
-18
30,1
50,4
72,2
32,9
49,2
73,2
32,9
48,7
72,5
32,6
49,4
73,3
31,9
49,6
72,8
-0,7
0,2
-0,5
1,8
-0,8
0,6
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
1,9
2,7
0,2
-1,7
3,1
7,3
12,4
8,7
-0,4
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
22
P0211
Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
South Africa
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black/African
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
0,5
1,5
-1,3
0,3
1,7
3,2
0,3
8,7
-1,1
0,5
0,6
1,5
-0,8
0,4
2,1
3,9
0,7
9,0
-1,3
0,3
0,8
2,6
-3,9
-0,7
1,2
2,2
0,9
5,9
-1,0
36 272
24 205
16 018
8 187
12 067
36 431
24 591
15 675
8 916
11 840
36 591
24 425
15 545
8 880
12 166
36 750
24 849
15 833
9 016
11 900
36 905
24 969
16 069
8 900
11 936
155
119
235
-116
36
633
764
51
713
-131
33,8
44,2
66,7
36,3
43,0
67,5
36,4
42,5
66,8
36,3
43,1
67,6
35,6
43,5
67,7
-0,7
0,4
0,1
1,8
-0,7
1,0
28 879
19 179
11 860
7 319
9 700
29 033
19 566
11 576
7 990
9 467
29 187
19 477
11 506
7 971
9 710
29 341
19 807
11 764
8 043
9 534
29 493
19 920
11 939
7 981
9 573
151
112
174
-62
39
614
741
79
662
-127
38,2
41,1
66,4
40,8
39,9
67,4
40,9
39,4
66,7
40,6
40,1
67,5
40,1
40,5
67,5
-0,5
0,4
0,0
1,9
-0,6
1,1
3 346
2 268
1 670
599
1 078
3 356
2 287
1 655
632
1 069
3 366
2 235
1 609
626
1 131
3 377
2 302
1 642
660
1 075
3 386
2 319
1 685
634
1 067
10
17
43
-26
-8
40
51
15
35
-11
26,4
49,9
67,8
27,6
49,3
68,1
28,0
47,8
66,4
28,7
48,6
68,2
27,3
49,8
68,5
-1,4
1,2
0,3
0,9
-0,1
0,7
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
23
P0211
Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Indian/Asian
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,2
-1,7
2,6
-21,0
3,7
1,0
2,5
2,3
4,2
-1,5
980
612
524
89
368
983
598
499
99
384
985
605
505
100
380
988
639
522
117
349
990
628
535
92
362
2
-11
13
-25
13
10
16
12
4
-5
14,5
53,4
62,5
16,6
50,8
60,9
16,6
51,2
61,4
18,3
52,8
64,7
14,7
54,1
63,4
-3,6
1,3
-1,3
0,2
0,7
0,9
3 067
2 145
3 059
2 139
3 052
2 107
3 044
2 101
3 036
2 102
-8
1
-31
-44
-0,3
0,0
-1,0
-2,0
1 965
180
921
1 945
194
920
1 926
182
944
1 905
196
942
1 910
192
934
4
-4
-9
-56
12
12
0,2
-2,0
-0,9
-2,8
6,7
1,4
8,4
64,1
70,0
9,1
63,6
69,9
8,6
63,1
69,1
9,3
62,6
69,0
9,1
62,9
69,2
-0,2
0,3
0,2
0,7
-1,2
-0,8
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
24
P0211
Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
15-64 years
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
15-24 years
Population 15-24 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
25-34 years
Population 25-34 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
.Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
0,5
1,5
-1,3
0,3
1,7
3,2
0,3
8,7
-1,1
0,0
0,4
5,3
-2,2
-0,2
0,1
3,2
1,2
4,4
-1,5
0,4
0,5
1,2
-0,6
-0,1
1,7
1,7
-2,0
7,6
1,4
36 272
24 205
16 018
8 187
12 067
36 431
24 591
15 675
8 916
11 840
36 591
24 425
15 545
8 880
12 166
36 750
24 849
15 833
9 016
11 900
36 905
24 969
16 069
8 900
11 936
155
119
235
-116
36
633
764
51
713
-131
33,8
44,2
66,7
36,3
43,0
67,5
36,4
42,5
66,8
36,3
43,1
67,6
35,6
43,5
67,7
-0,7
0,4
0,1
1,8
-0,7
1,0
10 300
3 569
1 317
2 252
6 731
10 305
3 833
1 256
2 577
6 471
10 309
3 644
1 229
2 415
6 665
10 312
3 668
1 265
2 403
6 644
10 313
3 684
1 333
2 351
6 629
1
15
67
-52
-14
13
114
15
99
-101
63,1
12,8
34,7
67,2
12,2
37,2
66,3
11,9
35,4
65,5
12,3
35,6
63,8
12,9
35,7
-1,7
0,6
0,1
0,7
0,1
1,0
9 546
8 206
5 054
3 152
1 340
9 586
8 267
4 939
3 328
1 319
9 627
8 181
4 824
3 357
1 445
9 666
8 307
4 896
3 411
1 359
9 704
8 346
4 954
3 392
1 358
38
39
58
-19
-1
158
139
-100
240
18
38,4
52,9
86,0
40,3
51,5
86,2
41,0
50,1
85,0
41,1
50,7
85,9
40,6
51,1
86,0
-0,5
0,4
0,1
2,2
-1,8
0,0
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
25
P0211
Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
35-44 years
Population 35-44 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
45-54 years
Population 45-54 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
55-64 years
Population 55-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,5
0,7
1,4
-1,0
-0,9
2,3
3,5
1,1
10,1
-5,8
0,8
-0,4
-0,3
-0,5
5,8
3,2
4,7
0,8
20,7
-2,0
0,8
1,8
3,6
-6,7
-0,1
3,4
5,2
3,8
14,0
1,8
7 687
6 683
4 935
1 748
1 004
7 732
6 699
4 868
1 831
1 033
7 778
6 739
4 815
1 923
1 039
7 821
6 867
4 923
1 944
954
7 861
6 916
4 992
1 924
945
41
49
69
-20
-9
174
233
56
177
-59
26,2
64,2
86,9
27,3
63,0
86,6
28,5
61,9
86,6
28,3
62,9
87,8
27,8
63,5
88,0
-0,5
0,6
0,2
1,6
-0,7
1,1
5 207
4 082
3 287
795
1 125
5 247
4 132
3 220
912
1 115
5 287
4 181
3 279
902
1 106
5 330
4 288
3 323
965
1 042
5 375
4 272
3 313
960
1 103
45
-16
-10
-5
61
168
190
26
164
-22
19,5
63,1
78,4
22,1
61,4
78,7
21,6
62,0
79,1
22,5
62,3
80,5
22,5
61,6
79,5
0,0
-0,7
-1,0
3,0
-1,5
1,1
3 531
1 663
1 424
240
1 868
3 561
1 659
1 391
268
1 901
3 590
1 680
1 398
282
1 911
3 621
1 719
1 426
293
1 902
3 651
1 750
1 477
273
1 901
30
31
51
-20
-1
120
87
53
34
33
14,4
40,3
47,1
16,2
39,1
46,6
16,8
38,9
46,8
17,0
39,4
47,5
15,6
40,5
47,9
-1,4
1,1
0,4
1,2
0,2
0,8
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
26
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
South Africa
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
0,5
1,5
-1,3
0,3
1,7
3,2
0,3
8,7
-1,1
0,5
1,5
3,0
-3,3
-1,7
2,2
2,4
0,3
9,8
1,8
0,6
1,2
6,7
-15,3
-1,0
2,5
1,8
4,0
-5,8
4,1
36 272
24 205
16 018
8 187
12 067
36 431
24 591
15 675
8 916
11 840
36 591
24 425
15 545
8 880
12 166
36 750
24 849
15 833
9 016
11 900
36 905
24 969
16 069
8 900
11 936
155
119
235
-116
36
633
764
51
713
-131
33,8
44,2
66,7
36,3
43,0
67,5
36,4
42,5
66,8
36,3
43,1
67,6
35,6
43,5
67,7
-0,7
0,4
0,1
1,8
-0,7
1,0
4 317
3 052
2 380
673
1 265
4 341
3 059
2 356
703
1 282
4 365
3 005
2 266
739
1 360
4 389
3 079
2 315
764
1 310
4 412
3 124
2 386
739
1 288
24
45
70
-25
-22
95
72
6
66
23
22,0
55,1
70,7
23,0
54,3
70,5
24,6
51,9
68,9
24,8
52,8
70,2
23,6
54,1
70,8
-1,2
1,3
0,6
1,6
-1,0
0,1
1 559
1 119
869
251
440
1 569
1 121
839
282
448
1 579
1 075
798
277
504
1 589
1 126
847
279
463
1 598
1 140
903
236
458
9
14
57
-43
-5
39
20
35
-14
18
22,4
55,7
71,8
25,1
53,5
71,4
25,8
50,6
68,1
24,8
53,3
70,9
20,7
56,5
71,3
-4,1
3,2
0,4
-1,7
0,8
-0,5
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
27
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Western Cape - City of Cape Town
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,5
1,6
0,9
3,6
-2,0
2,1
2,7
-1,9
19,1
0,6
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,3
1,0
4,3
2,5
6,8
-3,3
0,3
-0,6
-2,4
1,5
1,4
1,1
2,3
2,4
2,2
-0,4
2 758
1 933
1 511
422
825
2 772
1 938
1 516
422
834
2 786
1 930
1 468
462
856
2 800
1 953
1 469
485
847
2 814
1 984
1 482
502
830
14
31
14
18
-17
57
52
-29
81
5
21,8
54,8
70,1
21,8
54,7
69,9
24,0
52,7
69,3
24,8
52,4
69,8
25,3
52,7
70,5
0,5
0,3
0,7
3,5
-2,1
0,4
4 124
2 364
1 411
953
1 759
4 133
2 465
1 366
1 099
1 668
4 142
2 403
1 350
1 054
1 739
4 153
2 458
1 443
1 016
1 695
4 166
2 465
1 447
1 018
1 701
12
7
5
2
6
42
101
36
65
-59
40,3
34,2
57,3
44,6
33,1
59,6
43,8
32,6
58,0
41,3
34,7
59,2
41,3
34,7
59,2
0,0
0,0
0,0
1,0
0,5
1,9
2 836
1 531
822
709
1 305
2 843
1 605
787
818
1 237
2 850
1 577
794
783
1 272
2 857
1 576
863
714
1 281
2 866
1 566
842
725
1 300
8
-10
-21
11
19
30
36
20
16
-6
46,3
29,0
54,0
50,9
27,7
56,5
49,6
27,9
55,4
45,3
30,2
55,2
46,3
29,4
54,7
1,0
-0,8
-0,5
0,0
0,4
0,7
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
28
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Eastern Cape - Buffalo City
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Nelson Mandela Bay
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Northern Cape
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,2
0,3
-0,3
1,5
0,0
0,7
10,7
-2,7
46,3
-19,8
0,3
3,0
7,7
-6,4
-4,5
1,0
5,8
6,6
4,1
-7,1
0,3
-0,7
-3,3
2,8
2,5
1,2
3,0
-4,4
14,6
-2,2
501
337
245
92
164
501
339
232
108
162
502
340
230
110
162
503
372
239
133
131
504
373
239
135
131
1
1
-1
2
0
4
36
-7
43
-32
27,3
49,0
67,3
31,8
46,2
67,7
32,5
45,7
67,7
35,7
47,6
73,9
36,1
47,3
74,0
0,4
-0,3
0,1
8,8
-1,7
6,7
787
497
344
152
291
789
520
347
173
269
791
486
326
160
305
793
510
341
169
283
795
526
367
159
270
3
15
26
-11
-13
8
29
23
6
-21
30,6
43,8
63,1
33,3
44,0
65,9
32,9
41,2
61,5
33,2
43,0
64,4
30,2
46,1
66,1
-3,0
3,1
1,7
-0,4
2,3
3,0
771
510
312
198
261
773
510
313
198
263
775
502
303
200
273
778
529
308
221
249
780
525
298
227
255
2
-4
-10
6
6
9
15
-14
29
-6
38,9
40,4
66,2
38,7
40,5
66,0
39,8
39,0
64,8
41,8
39,6
68,0
43,3
38,2
67,3
1,5
-1,4
-0,7
4,4
-2,2
1,1
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
29
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province and metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Free State
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State - Mangaung
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,1
-2,2
-3,0
-1,0
5,3
0,5
-1,1
-8,2
11,3
4,3
0,0
-3,0
-2,7
-3,5
6,4
0,2
-3,2
-6,4
1,8
7,4
0,2
-0,3
-3,7
5,2
1,9
1,5
4,0
-12,0
42,7
-4,9
1 875
1 295
825
470
580
1 879
1 305
790
514
574
1 882
1 287
797
490
595
1 884
1 310
781
529
574
1 885
1 281
757
524
605
1
-29
-24
-6
30
10
-14
-68
53
25
36,3
44,0
69,1
39,4
42,1
69,4
38,1
42,4
68,4
40,4
41,4
69,5
40,9
40,2
67,9
0,5
-1,2
-1,6
4,6
-3,8
-1,2
1 351
920
559
361
431
1 352
927
540
388
425
1 353
908
547
361
445
1 354
918
538
380
435
1 354
891
523
367
463
0
-28
-15
-13
28
3
-29
-36
6
32
39
41
68
42
40
69
40
40
67
41
40
68
41
39
66
0
-1
-2
2
-3
-2
524
375
266
110
149
527
377
251
127
149
529
379
250
130
149
531
391
243
149
139
532
390
234
156
142
1
-1
-9
8
3
8
15
-32
47
-7
29,2
50,7
71,6
33,5
47,6
71,6
34,1
47,3
71,8
38,0
45,8
73,8
40,1
44,0
73,3
2,1
-1,8
-0,5
10,9
-6,7
1,7
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
30
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal - eThekhwini
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
2,3
1,8
3,1
-2,7
1,5
7,1
0,5
18,4
-6,6
0,4
3,2
2,1
4,4
-3,5
1,8
6,3
-1,6
16,3
-4,4
0,3
0,9
1,4
-0,6
-0,9
1,0
8,3
3,0
24,6
-11,2
6 739
4 003
2 529
1 473
2 737
6 764
4 112
2 515
1 597
2 652
6 789
4 112
2 479
1 633
2 677
6 815
4 188
2 496
1 692
2 627
6 841
4 285
2 541
1 744
2 556
26
97
45
52
-71
102
282
12
271
-181
36,8
37,5
59,4
38,8
37,2
60,8
39,7
36,5
60,6
40,4
36,6
61,5
40,7
37,1
62,6
0,3
0,5
1,1
3,9
-0,4
3,2
4 379
2 517
1 406
1 112
1 861
4 398
2 597
1 413
1 184
1 800
4 417
2 549
1 353
1 196
1 868
4 436
2 593
1 355
1 239
1 843
4 456
2 677
1 384
1 293
1 779
20
83
29
54
-64
77
159
-22
182
-82
44,2
32,1
57,5
45,6
32,1
59,1
46,9
30,6
57,7
47,8
30,5
58,5
48,3
31,1
60,1
0,5
0,6
1,6
4,1
-1,0
2,6
2 361
1 485
1 124
361
876
2 367
1 515
1 102
413
852
2 372
1 563
1 126
437
809
2 379
1 594
1 141
453
784
2 385
1 608
1 157
450
777
6
14
16
-3
-7
24
123
34
89
-98
24,3
47,6
62,9
27,3
46,6
64,0
28,0
47,4
65,9
28,4
48,0
67,0
28,0
48,5
67,4
-0,4
0,5
0,4
3,7
0,9
4,5
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
31
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
North West
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - Non Metro
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
0,0
6,6
-8,3
1,4
1,8
2,3
-1,1
7,6
1,0
0,5
-0,2
0,9
-2,4
3,0
2,3
3,1
0,4
9,4
-0,5
0,3
-3,4
-2,4
-5,0
11,0
1,2
2,2
-6,3
19,4
-1,1
2 445
1 587
969
618
857
2 456
1 623
924
699
834
2 468
1 594
915
680
874
2 479
1 625
900
725
854
2 490
1 624
959
665
866
11
-1
60
-60
12
45
36
-10
47
9
38,9
39,6
64,9
43,1
37,6
66,1
42,6
37,1
64,6
44,6
36,3
65,5
40,9
38,5
65,2
-3,7
2,2
-0,3
2,0
-1,1
0,3
9 636
7 294
5 090
2 205
2 342
9 692
7 342
4 895
2 447
2 349
9 748
7 380
4 942
2 438
2 368
9 802
7 539
5 068
2 471
2 263
9 854
7 523
5 111
2 411
2 331
51
-16
44
-60
68
218
229
22
207
-11
30,2
52,8
75,7
33,3
50,5
75,8
33,0
50,7
75,7
32,8
51,7
76,9
32,1
51,9
76,3
-0,7
0,2
-0,6
1,9
-0,9
0,6
1 307
928
623
306
378
1 311
966
594
372
345
1 315
967
587
380
349
1 319
982
598
385
337
1 323
949
583
365
374
3
-34
-14
-19
37
16
20
-39
59
-4
32,9
47,6
71,0
38,5
45,3
73,7
39,3
44,6
73,5
39,1
45,3
74,5
38,5
44,1
71,7
-0,6
-1,2
-2,8
5,6
-3,5
0,7
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
32
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Gauteng - Ekurhuleni
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - City of Johannesburg
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - City of Tshwane
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
1,7
3,5
-1,5
-3,8
1,9
2,7
0,6
7,0
-1,0
0,7
-0,1
0,9
-2,1
3,4
2,7
3,8
2,3
7,4
-1,0
0,6
-0,7
-0,1
-2,2
4,6
2,5
3,0
0,6
9,4
1,1
2 447
1 876
1 256
619
571
2 459
1 830
1 145
685
629
2 471
1 879
1 161
718
592
2 482
1 895
1 222
673
588
2 493
1 927
1 264
663
565
10
32
42
-10
-22
45
51
8
43
-6
33,0
51,3
76,7
37,4
46,5
74,4
38,2
47,0
76,0
35,5
49,2
76,3
34,4
50,7
77,3
-1,1
1,5
1,0
1,4
-0,6
0,6
3 532
2 752
1 950
803
779
3 556
2 798
1 926
872
758
3 580
2 802
1 963
838
779
3 605
2 858
1 978
881
746
3 628
2 857
1 995
862
772
24
-2
17
-19
25
97
104
45
59
-8
29,2
55,2
77,9
31,2
54,2
78,7
29,9
54,8
78,3
30,8
54,9
79,3
30,2
55,0
78,7
-0,6
0,1
-0,6
1,0
-0,2
0,8
2 350
1 738
1 261
477
612
2 365
1 749
1 231
518
616
2 381
1 732
1 231
501
649
2 396
1 803
1 270
533
592
2 410
1 790
1 269
522
619
14
-13
-1
-12
27
60
53
8
45
7
27,4
53,6
73,9
29,6
52,0
73,9
28,9
51,7
72,8
29,6
53,0
75,3
29,1
52,7
74,3
-0,5
-0,3
-1,0
1,7
-0,9
0,4
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
33
P0211
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province metro – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Mpumalanga
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Limpopo
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,4
-0,3
-1,6
1,6
2,2
1,9
1,6
-3,0
8,7
2,5
0,4
1,2
4,8
-5,0
-0,7
1,7
0,5
7,8
-11,1
3,3
2 776
1 965
1 191
774
811
2 789
1 974
1 160
813
815
2 802
1 983
1 171
813
819
2 815
2 002
1 174
828
813
2 828
1 997
1 155
841
831
13
-5
-19
13
18
52
31
-36
67
21
39,4
42,9
70,8
41,2
41,6
70,8
41,0
41,8
70,8
41,4
41,7
71,1
42,1
40,9
70,6
0,7
-0,8
-0,5
2,7
-2,0
-0,2
3 589
2 133
1 311
822
1 456
3 604
2 201
1 355
846
1 403
3 619
2 158
1 324
833
1 462
3 634
2 119
1 349
770
1 515
3 649
2 145
1 414
731
1 504
14
26
64
-39
-11
60
12
103
-91
48
38,6
36,5
59,4
38,5
37,6
61,1
38,6
36,6
59,6
36,3
37,1
58,3
34,1
38,7
58,8
-2,2
1,6
0,5
-4,5
2,2
-0,6
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
34
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
16 018
860
483
1 738
123
1 438
3 280
900
2 273
3 624
1 294
4
15 675
869
471
1 645
110
1 362
3 158
901
2 227
3 671
1 257
4
15 545
825
447
1 712
111
1 388
3 136
862
2 220
3 544
1 296
4
15 833
881
438
1 683
118
1 491
3 198
915
2 323
3 499
1 281
5
16 069
919
421
1 727
131
1 483
3 222
961
2 329
3 571
1 299
5
235
38
-17
44
13
-9
24
46
6
73
17
-1
51
59
-62
-11
8
44
-58
61
56
-53
5
1
1,5
4,3
-3,8
2,6
11,1
-0,6
0,8
5,0
0,2
2,1
1,3
-10,4
0,3
6,9
-12,8
-0,6
6,4
3,1
-1,8
6,8
2,4
-1,5
0,4
26,4
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
6 995
288
67
576
36
139
1 565
165
945
2 189
1 023
3
6 840
271
65
560
35
157
1 468
167
938
2 214
961
2
6 754
235
58
580
27
142
1 490
155
919
2 167
976
3
6 873
255
54
562
35
164
1 533
177
967
2 126
996
4
7 031
305
62
554
37
174
1 555
189
970
2 186
995
5
159
51
8
-8
2
9
21
13
3
61
-1
1
36
17
-5
-22
1
35
-10
24
24
-3
-29
2
2,3
19,9
15,8
-1,5
5,4
5,7
1,4
7,1
0,3
2,9
-0,1
21,3
0,5
6,0
-7,5
-3,7
2,9
25,4
-0,7
14,8
2,6
-0,1
-2,8
63,6
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
9 023
572
416
1 162
88
1 300
1 715
735
1 328
1 435
270
1
8 835
598
406
1 085
75
1 205
1 690
734
1 289
1 456
296
1
8 792
590
389
1 131
84
1 245
1 646
707
1 302
1 376
320
1
8 960
627
384
1 121
83
1 327
1 664
738
1 356
1 373
285
1
9 037
614
359
1 173
95
1 309
1 668
772
1 359
1 385
304
.
77
-13
-25
52
11
-18
3
33
3
12
18
.
15
42
-57
11
7
9
-48
37
31
-50
34
.
0,9
-2,0
-6,5
4,7
13,5
-1,4
0,2
4,5
0,2
0,9
6,5
.
0,2
7,3
-13,7
0,9
7,9
0,7
-2,8
5,0
2,3
-3,5
12,4
.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
35
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Agriculture
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
860
214
89
43
64
141
57
34
92
126
869
228
95
40
72
131
54
37
95
118
825
186
99
42
66
122
37
44
106
123
881
196
100
56
60
141
48
47
100
134
919
250
88
53
65
146
55
36
88
139
38
54
-12
-3
5
5
7
-11
-12
5
59
36
-1
9
1
5
-2
1
-4
14
4,3
27,5
-11,6
-5,3
8,6
3,5
13,6
-24,1
-11,8
3,8
6,9
17,1
-1,1
20,9
1,3
3,7
-3,8
4,1
-4,8
10,9
Mining
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
483
3
1
22
35
8
172
105
61
76
471
2
4
21
35
7
157
95
65
85
447
1
2
19
35
5
140
113
57
75
438
3
1
14
28
5
141
107
59
80
421
4
0
24
17
8
128
77
53
109
-17
1
-1
10
-11
3
-12
-30
-6
29
-62
1
0
2
-18
0
-44
-28
-9
33
-3,8
23,4
-65,6
76,2
-38,1
49,9
-8,9
-27,9
-9,6
36,3
-12,8
53,9
-47,9
8,0
-50,3
4,5
-25,7
-26,9
-13,8
44,3
Manufacturing
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
1 738
324
119
13
69
310
80
653
97
73
1 645
286
121
13
59
316
64
619
86
80
1 712
320
134
11
66
329
70
624
90
67
1 683
301
142
15
60
317
72
605
95
76
1 727
317
142
15
59
306
66
643
100
80
44
16
0
0
-1
-11
-6
37
4
5
-11
-7
23
2
-10
-5
-13
-11
2
8
2,6
5,4
0,1
-1,7
-2,3
-3,5
-8,3
6,1
4,7
6,0
-0,6
-2,0
19,6
12,4
-14,5
-1,5
-16,8
-1,7
2,3
10,4
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
36
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Utilities
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
123
15
7
3
9
10
2
34
27
16
110
11
7
2
10
8
2
29
29
14
111
9
8
1
9
12
4
19
29
20
118
7
6
1
10
2
11
33
32
16
131
6
8
1
10
6
6
32
41
21
13
-1
2
0
0
4
-5
-1
8
5
8
-9
1
-2
1
-3
4
-2
14
5
11,1
-14,4
41,5
5,1
2,8
253,7
-45,9
-4,1
26,1
29,8
6,4
-59,7
20,0
-70,8
12,6
-36,3
155,2
-7,0
52,4
32,6
Construction
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
1 438
216
166
33
53
240
69
408
123
131
1 362
204
142
28
57
240
59
374
99
158
1 388
211
150
34
56
218
77
383
111
148
1 491
242
180
31
55
203
79
405
130
167
1 483
237
185
22
54
228
72
402
113
170
-9
-5
5
-8
-1
25
-7
-3
-17
3
44
21
19
-10
1
-12
3
-6
-10
39
-0,6
-2,0
2,7
-26,3
-2,2
12,2
-9,2
-0,7
-13,0
1,7
3,1
9,8
11,2
-31,4
2,1
-5,0
4,1
-1,6
-8,2
30,0
Trade
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
3 280
460
306
46
187
531
168
1 054
242
287
3 158
457
292
49
166
550
163
937
245
300
3 136
433
265
46
155
526
193
972
236
309
3 198
450
312
46
176
540
147
1 017
230
281
3 222
426
323
44
193
525
198
994
219
299
24
-23
12
-2
17
-14
51
-23
-11
18
-58
-33
17
-1
6
-6
29
-60
-23
12
0,8
-5,2
3,7
-3,3
9,6
-2,7
34,7
-2,3
-4,6
6,4
-1,8
-7,3
5,6
-2,7
3,4
-1,1
17,5
-5,7
-9,3
4,2
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
37
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Transport
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
900
125
67
10
38
155
46
342
61
55
901
121
70
14
34
166
44
342
61
50
862
112
68
13
36
164
33
332
62
42
915
120
72
15
38
179
27
359
53
52
961
146
80
15
36
160
37
378
58
52
46
26
7
0
-2
-19
10
18
5
-1
61
21
12
5
-2
4
-9
36
-4
-3
5,0
21,8
10,1
3,0
-5,1
-10,6
38,3
5,2
9,3
-1,6
6,8
16,7
18,5
52,1
-4,2
2,8
-19,0
10,4
-5,8
-5,8
Finance
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
2 273
407
134
19
65
280
94
1 041
130
103
2 227
418
111
28
57
266
99
1 038
115
96
2 220
386
117
19
59
271
83
1 057
129
100
2 323
381
134
18
63
295
85
1 115
122
109
2 329
366
149
16
53
303
79
1 123
120
119
6
-14
14
-1
-10
8
-7
7
-2
10
56
-40
15
-3
-12
23
-15
81
-10
16
0,2
-3,8
10,7
-6,3
-15,7
2,9
-7,7
0,7
-1,7
9,0
2,4
-9,9
11,2
-15,8
-18,0
8,3
-16,2
7,8
-7,4
15,3
Community and social services
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
3 624
461
384
96
213
648
200
1 036
259
329
3 671
471
403
89
201
617
207
1 077
266
340
3 544
445
389
84
214
600
201
1 040
244
326
3 499
457
381
89
193
579
209
1 014
260
316
3 571
469
364
85
181
611
233
1 069
262
298
73
12
-18
-4
-12
32
24
55
2
-18
-53
8
-20
-11
-32
-36
33
33
4
-31
2,1
2,6
-4,6
-4,5
-6,4
5,6
11,3
5,4
0,7
-5,7
-1,5
1,7
-5,3
-11,5
-15,2
-5,6
16,7
3,2
1,4
-9,4
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
38
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
1 294
155
138
26
93
208
81
378
99
116
1 257
156
122
30
100
214
75
345
101
114
1 296
161
117
34
101
232
77
354
106
114
1 281
157
113
26
97
236
80
362
93
117
1 299
162
107
23
89
249
85
356
101
126
17
5
-6
-3
-8
12
5
-6
8
9
5
7
-30
-3
-4
41
4
-22
3
10
Private households
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
1,3
3,0
-5,3
-12,1
-8,5
5,2
6,8
-1,5
9,0
7,7
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
0,4
4,4
-22,0
-13,3
-4,4
19,6
5,5
-5,8
2,8
8,6
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
39
P0211
Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Total employed
Formal and informal sector (Nonagricultural)
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
16 018
15 675
15 545
15 833
16 069
235
51
1,5
0,3
13 864
13 548
13 424
13 670
13 851
180
-13
1,3
-0,1
483
1 738
123
1 438
3 280
900
2 273
3 624
4
471
1 645
110
1 362
3 158
901
2 227
3 671
4
447
1 712
111
1 388
3 136
862
2 220
3 544
4
438
1 683
118
1 491
3 198
915
2 323
3 499
5
421
1 727
131
1 483
3 222
961
2 329
3 571
5
-17
44
13
-9
24
46
6
73
-1
-62
-11
8
44
-58
61
56
-53
1
-3,8
2,6
11,1
-0,6
0,8
5,0
0,2
2,1
-10,4
-12,8
-0,6
6,4
3,1
-1,8
6,8
2,4
-1,5
26,4
11 180
480
1 529
118
1 004
2 175
660
2 035
3 175
4
10 983
466
1 456
105
918
2 134
676
2 017
3 207
4
10 917
440
1 510
106
966
2 121
633
2 016
3 122
2
11 029
434
1 497
113
1 016
2 127
661
2 099
3 076
5
11 156
415
1 512
125
1 004
2 131
708
2 132
3 124
5
127
-19
15
12
-12
3
47
33
48
-1
-24
-65
-17
6
0
-44
48
97
-51
1
1,2
-4,3
1,0
10,5
-1,2
0,2
7,2
1,6
1,5
-10,4
-0,2
-13,5
-1,1
5,2
0,0
-2,0
7,3
4,8
-1,6
26,4
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
2 684
3
209
5
434
1 105
240
238
450
2 565
5
188
5
444
1 024
225
210
464
2 507
7
201
5
422
1 015
229
204
422
2
2 641
4
186
5
475
1 070
255
224
422
2 695
6
215
7
479
1 091
253
196
447
53
2
29
1
3
21
-1
-27
25
11
3
6
2
44
-14
13
-42
-2
2,0
51,4
15,8
23,3
0,7
2,0
-0,5
-12,2
5,9
0,4
101,0
3,1
35,7
10,2
-1,3
5,5
-17,5
-0,5
Agriculture
Private households
860
1 294
869
1 257
825
1 296
881
1 281
919
1 299
38
17
59
5
4,3
1,3
6,9
0,4
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
40
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
South Africa
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
16 018
11 180
2 684
860
1 294
15 675
10 983
2 565
869
1 257
15 545
10 917
2 507
825
1 296
15 833
11 029
2 641
881
1 281
16 069
11 156
2 695
919
1 299
235
127
53
38
17
51
-24
11
59
5
1,5
1,2
2,0
4,3
1,3
0,3
-0,2
0,4
6,9
0,4
Western Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2 380
1 747
264
214
155
2 356
1 728
244
228
156
2 266
1 698
221
186
161
2 315
1 727
235
196
157
2 386
1 729
244
250
162
70
2
9
54
5
6
-17
-20
36
7
3,0
0,1
4,0
27,5
3,0
0,3
-1,0
-7,5
17,1
4,4
Western Cape - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
869
516
89
196
68
839
492
73
212
62
798
478
75
175
70
847
515
82
184
65
903
522
79
239
63
57
7
-4
55
-2
35
7
-11
43
-4
6,7
1,4
-4,8
30,1
-3,1
4,0
1,3
-11,9
21,9
-6,2
Western Cape - City of Cape Town
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
nformal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 511
1 231
175
18
88
1 516
1 236
171
16
94
1 468
1 219
146
11
91
1 469
1 212
152
12
92
1 482
1 207
165
11
99
14
-5
13
-1
7
-29
-24
-9
-7
11
0,9
-0,4
8,7
-11,3
7,4
-1,9
-2,0
-5,2
-37,0
12,5
1 411
892
292
89
138
1 366
861
288
95
122
1 350
856
277
99
117
1 443
896
333
100
113
1 447
905
346
88
107
5
9
13
-12
-6
36
13
54
-1
-30
0,3
1,0
4,0
-11,6
-5,3
2,5
1,5
18,4
-1,1
-22,0
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
41
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Eastern Cape - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
822
442
222
84
73
787
414
227
85
62
794
439
205
86
64
863
466
239
90
67
842
454
245
79
64
-21
-11
6
-12
-4
20
13
23
-6
-10
-2,4
-2,4
2,4
-12,8
-5,8
2,4
2,8
10,3
-6,6
-13,5
Eastern Cape - Buffalo City
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
245
185
29
3
29
232
178
27
4
23
230
177
26
8
19
239
173
42
5
19
239
170
47
2
19
-1
-4
6
-3
0
-7
-15
19
0
-10
-0,3
-2,1
13,7
-53,0
-0,2
-2,7
-8,3
65,5
-12,7
-33,7
Eastern Cape - Nelson mandela bay
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
344
265
42
2
35
347
270
34
6
38
326
241
46
6
34
341
257
52
5
27
367
281
54
7
25
26
24
2
3
-2
23
16
12
5
-11
7,7
9,3
3,5
55,5
-7,6
6,6
6,1
29,2
210,8
-30,1
312
200
42
43
26
313
206
37
40
30
303
187
39
42
34
308
189
38
56
26
298
186
37
53
23
-10
-3
-1
-3
-3
-14
-14
-5
9
-3
-3,3
-1,6
-2,7
-5,3
-12,1
-4,4
-7,2
-12,0
20,9
-13,3
825
524
144
64
93
790
483
136
72
100
797
506
124
66
101
781
478
146
60
97
757
460
143
65
89
-24
-18
-3
5
-8
-68
-64
-1
1
-4
-3,0
-3,7
-1,9
8,6
-8,5
-8,2
-12,2
-0,5
1,3
-4,4
Northern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Free State
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
42
P0211
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Free State - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
559
338
92
61
68
540
303
97
68
71
547
323
85
65
74
538
317
96
59
67
523
301
90
64
69
-15
-15
-6
5
2
-36
-37
-3
2
1
-2,7
-4,9
-6,0
8,5
2,5
-6,4
-10,8
-2,8
4,1
1,2
Free State - Mangaung
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
266
186
52
3
25
251
180
39
3
28
250
183
40
1
27
243
161
50
1
30
234
159
53
1
20
-9
-2
3
0
-10
-32
-27
2
-2
-5
-3,7
-1,4
6,0
16,4
-32,7
-12,0
-14,6
3,5
-59,6
-19,3
2 529
1 700
481
141
208
2 515
1 696
473
131
214
2 479
1 686
438
122
232
2 496
1 676
443
141
236
2 541
1 703
444
146
249
45
27
1
5
12
12
2
-37
5
41
1,8
1,6
0,3
3,5
5,2
0,5
0,1
-7,6
3,7
19,6
KwaZulu-Natal – Non-metro
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 406
856
314
133
103
1 413
850
326
121
116
1 353
823
288
119
123
1 355
819
282
137
117
1 384
841
281
139
123
29
22
-1
3
6
-22
-15
-33
7
20
2,1
2,6
-0,4
2,0
5,0
-1,6
-1,8
-10,6
5,0
18,9
KwaZulu-Natal – eThekwini
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 124
844
167
8
104
1 102
846
148
10
97
1 126
863
151
3
109
1 141
857
161
4
119
1 157
862
164
6
126
16
5
2
2
7
34
18
-3
-1
21
1,4
0,6
1,5
54,3
5,5
3,0
2,1
-2,0
-18,9
20,2
KwaZulu-Natal
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
43
P0211
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
North West
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
969
715
117
57
81
924
672
122
54
75
915
671
130
37
77
900
636
135
48
80
959
680
139
55
85
60
44
4
7
5
-10
-35
23
-2
4
6,6
6,9
3,0
13,6
6,8
-1,1
-4,9
19,4
-3,8
5,5
Gauteng
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
5 090
3 951
726
34
378
4 895
3 863
651
37
345
4 942
3 857
687
44
354
5 068
3 954
705
47
362
5 111
4 008
712
36
356
44
54
7
-11
-6
22
56
-14
1
-22
0,9
1,4
0,9
-24,1
-1,5
0,4
1,4
-2,0
4,1
-5,8
Gauteng – Non-metro
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
623
465
98
17
42
594
452
87
14
41
587
440
84
19
44
598
453
86
18
41
583
435
93
14
41
-14
-18
8
-4
0
-39
-30
-5
-4
-1
-2,4
-4,0
8,8
-24,6
1,1
-6,3
-6,5
-4,8
-20,8
-1,3
Gauteng – Ekurhuleni
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 256
988
173
8
87
1 145
941
127
8
68
1 161
896
177
10
78
1 222
958
168
14
82
1 264
997
179
8
80
42
39
11
-6
-2
8
8
5
1
-7
3,5
4,1
6,6
-40,4
-2,6
0,6
0,8
3,2
7,6
-7,5
Gauteng – City of Johannesburg
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 950
1 485
309
3
153
1 926
1 461
310
6
150
1 963
1 543
273
5
143
1 978
1 528
306
7
137
1 995
1 544
311
5
135
17
16
5
-2
-3
45
58
3
2
-18
0,9
1,0
1,8
-23,0
-1,8
2,3
3,9
0,9
85,6
-11,9
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
44
P0211
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Gauteng – City of Tshwane
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
1 261
1 012
146
6
97
1 231
1 008
127
9
86
1 231
979
153
10
89
1 270
1 015
146
8
101
1 269
1 032
128
8
100
-1
17
-17
0
-1
8
20
-18
2
3
-0,1
1,7
-12,0
5,4
-1,3
0,6
2,0
-12,1
30,5
3,5
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 191
758
242
92
99
1 160
717
248
95
101
1 171
720
238
106
106
1 174
734
248
100
93
1 155
715
251
88
101
-19
-19
3
-12
8
-36
-43
9
-4
3
-1,6
-2,6
1,4
-11,8
9,0
-3,0
-5,7
3,6
-4,8
2,8
Limpopo
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 311
694
375
126
116
1 355
758
365
118
114
1 324
736
352
123
114
1 349
740
358
134
117
1 414
771
378
139
126
64
31
19
5
9
103
77
2
14
10
4,8
4,2
5,4
3,8
7,7
7,8
11,1
0,6
10,9
8,6
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
45
P0211
Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
16 018
1 314
772
1 455
1 708
2 529
102
1 989
1 278
3 842
1 029
15 675
1 337
880
1 439
1 616
2 530
68
1 896
1 288
3 631
989
15 545
1 314
857
1 495
1 621
2 437
66
1 890
1 218
3 634
1 013
15 833
1 352
835
1 465
1 651
2 474
72
1 947
1 312
3 700
1 026
16 069
1 420
892
1 479
1 681
2 484
66
1 977
1 319
3 758
993
235
68
57
14
30
11
-6
30
7
58
-33
51
106
120
24
-27
-45
-36
-12
40
-84
-36
1,5
5,0
6,9
0,9
1,8
0,4
-8,6
1,6
0,5
1,6
-3,2
0,3
8,0
15,6
1,7
-1,6
-1,8
-35,3
-0,6
3,2
-2,2
-3,5
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
6 995
413
390
838
1 251
1 190
29
185
149
1 558
993
6 840
444
452
800
1 173
1 199
15
215
161
1 446
936
6 754
406
450
798
1 170
1 175
14
203
153
1 431
953
6 873
426
440
815
1 176
1 173
15
206
172
1 480
970
7 031
452
439
821
1 195
1 213
13
199
159
1 574
966
159
26
-1
7
19
40
-2
-7
-13
94
-4
36
39
49
-17
-56
23
-16
15
10
15
-27
2,3
6,1
-0,3
0,8
1,6
3,4
-11,8
-3,3
-7,6
6,3
-0,4
0,5
9,5
12,7
-2,0
-4,5
1,9
-56,0
7,9
6,6
1,0
-2,7
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
9 023
902
382
617
457
1 340
72
1 804
1 129
2 284
36
8 835
893
428
640
444
1 331
53
1 681
1 127
2 185
54
8 792
908
408
697
450
1 262
52
1 687
1 064
2 203
59
8 960
926
394
651
475
1 300
57
1 740
1 140
2 221
56
9 037
968
453
658
486
1 271
53
1 778
1 159
2 185
27
77
42
58
7
11
-29
-4
37
20
-36
-29
15
66
71
41
29
-68
-20
-26
31
-99
-9
0,9
4,6
14,8
1,1
2,3
-2,2
-7,7
2,1
1,7
-1,6
-52,4
0,2
7,3
18,6
6,6
6,3
-5,1
-26,9
-1,5
2,7
-4,3
-25,8
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
46
P0211
Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
Apr-Jun
2015
2016
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
16 018
13 739
840
1 358
81
15 675
13 458
813
1 328
76
15 545
13 223
855
1 395
72
15 833
13 512
822
1 431
68
16 069
13 645
861
1 472
91
235
133
38
41
23
51
-94
20
114
10
1,5
1,0
4,7
2,9
34,5
0,3
-0,7
2,4
8,4
12,1
Women
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
6 995
6 182
153
605
55
6 840
6 044
176
570
50
6 754
5 935
186
583
49
6 873
6 043
169
615
46
7 031
6 168
163
649
52
159
125
-6
34
6
36
-14
10
44
-3
2,3
2,1
-3,5
5,5
12,5
0,5
-0,2
6,5
7,2
-5,9
Men
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
9 023
7 556
688
753
26
8 835
7 414
637
757
26
8 792
7 288
669
812
22
8 960
7 469
653
816
22
9 037
7 477
698
823
39
77
8
44
7
18
15
-80
10
71
13
0,9
0,1
6,8
0,8
81,1
0,2
-1,1
1,5
9,4
49,9
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
47
P0211
Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15-29 hours per week
Working 30-39 hours per week
Working 40-45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
16 018
318
996
1 092
8 868
4 744
15 675
307
1 018
1 093
8 516
4 741
15 545
334
1 053
1 089
8 319
4 750
15 833
333
1 088
1 119
8 534
4 757
16 069
339
1 073
1 159
8 620
4 878
235
6
-16
40
86
121
51
21
77
67
-248
134
1,5
1,7
-1,4
3,6
1,0
2,5
0,3
6,7
7,7
6,2
-2,8
2,8
Women
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15-29 hours per week
Working 30-39 hours per week
Working 40-45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
6 995
207
664
651
3 876
1 596
6 840
198
677
657
3 753
1 555
6 754
199
699
670
3 589
1 597
6 873
192
709
690
3 700
1 582
7 031
215
724
689
3 784
1 620
159
23
15
-1
84
38
36
8
60
38
-93
24
2,3
11,9
2,1
-0,2
2,3
2,4
0,5
4,0
9,0
5,9
-2,4
1,5
Men
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15-29 hours per week
Working 30-39 hours per week
Working 40-45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
9 023
111
332
441
4 992
3 147
8 835
108
341
437
4 763
3 186
8 792
135
354
419
4 730
3 154
8 960
141
380
429
4 834
3 175
9 037
124
349
470
4 836
3 257
77
-17
-30
41
2
83
15
13
17
29
-155
110
0,9
-12,1
-8,0
9,6
0,0
2,6
0,2
11,8
5,2
6,7
-3,1
3,5
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
48
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
P0211
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
13 739
6 328
7 142
268
13 458
6 364
6 881
213
13 223
6 155
6 828
241
13 512
6 316
6 953
243
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
6 182
2 674
3 404
105
6 044
2 690
3 261
92
5 935
2 595
3 243
97
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 556
3 655
3 738
163
7 414
3 674
3 620
120
13 739
8 820
4 751
168
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
Pension/retirement fund
contribution
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Entitled to any paid leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
13 645
6 484
6 890
270
133
168
-63
27
-94
156
-252
2
1,0
2,7
-0,9
11,2
-0,7
2,5
-3,5
0,7
6 043
2 679
3 268
96
6 168
2 793
3 274
101
125
114
6
5
-14
120
-130
-4
2,1
4,2
0,2
5,6
-0,2
4,5
-3,8
-3,8
7 288
3 560
3 585
144
7 469
3 637
3 685
147
7 477
3 691
3 617
169
8
54
-68
22
-80
36
-122
6
0,1
1,5
-1,9
14,9
-1,1
1,0
-3,3
3,6
13 458
8 805
4 521
131
13 223
8 683
4 394
147
13 512
8 811
4 566
135
13 645
8 966
4 545
134
133
155
-21
-2
-94
146
-206
-34
1,0
1,8
-0,5
-1,3
-0,7
1,7
-4,3
-20,4
6 182
3 885
2 240
56
6 044
3 823
2 166
55
5 935
3 805
2 078
52
6 043
3 871
2 126
46
6 168
3 939
2 177
52
125
68
51
6
-14
54
-63
-5
2,1
1,8
2,4
12,3
-0,2
1,4
-2,8
-8,8
7 556
4 935
2 510
111
7 414
4 983
2 355
77
7 288
4 878
2 316
95
7 469
4 940
2 439
89
7 477
5 027
2 367
82
8
87
-72
-7
-80
92
-143
-29
0,1
1,8
-3,0
-8,2
-1,1
1,9
-5,7
-26,3
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
49
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Entitled to paid sick leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
Women
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
13 739
13 458
13 223
13 512
9 520
4 218
9 425
4 033
9 288
3 936
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 645
133
-94
1,0
-0,7
9 408
4 104
9 573
4 071
165
-32
53
-147
1,8
-0,8
0,6
-3,5
6 182
6 044
5 935
6 043
6 168
125
-14
2,1
-0,2
Yes
No
4 208
1 974
4 131
1 912
4 100
1 835
4 144
1 899
4 247
1 921
103
21
39
-54
2,5
1,1
0,9
-2,7
Men
Yes
No
7 556
5 313
2 244
7 414
5 293
2 121
7 288
5 188
2 101
7 469
5 265
2 204
7 477
5 326
2 151
8
62
-54
-80
14
-93
0,1
1,2
-2,4
-1,1
0,3
-4,1
13 739
7 546
6 192
13 458
7 475
5 983
13 223
7 409
5 814
13 512
7 501
6 011
13 645
7 764
5 880
133
263
-130
-94
218
-312
1,0
3,5
-2,2
-0,7
2,9
-5,0
Women
Yes
No
6 182
3 487
2 696
6 044
3 437
2 607
5 935
3 426
2 509
6 043
3 456
2 587
6 168
3 571
2 597
125
115
10
-14
85
-99
2,1
3,3
0,4
-0,2
2,4
-3,7
Men
7 556
7 414
7 288
7 469
7 477
8
-80
0,1
-1,1
Yes
No
4 060
3 497
4 038
3 376
3 983
3 306
4 045
3 424
4 193
3 284
148
-140
133
-213
3,7
-4,1
3,3
-6,1
Entitled to maternity/paternity leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
50
P0211
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
UIF contribution
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 739
8 266
13 458
8 122
13 223
8 013
13 512
8 203
13 645
8 137
133
-66
-94
-129
1,0
-0,8
-0,7
-1,6
5 198
275
5 105
231
4 970
240
5 072
237
5 270
238
198
1
72
-37
3,9
0,3
1,4
-13,6
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
6 182
3 438
2 633
112
6 044
3 342
2 598
104
5 935
3 304
2 520
111
6 043
3 423
2 514
106
6 168
3 391
2 673
104
125
-32
159
-2
-14
-47
40
-8
2,1
-0,9
6,3
-1,8
-0,2
-1,4
1,5
-6,8
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 556
4 828
2 565
163
7 414
4 780
2 507
127
7 288
4 709
2 450
129
7 469
4 780
2 558
131
7 477
4 746
2 597
134
8
-34
39
3
-80
-82
32
-30
0,1
-0,7
1,5
2,0
-1,1
-1,7
1,2
-18,2
13 739
4 025
9 553
160
13 458
4 063
9 282
113
13 223
3 941
9 136
146
13 512
3 954
9 410
148
13 645
4 077
9 436
131
133
124
26
-17
-94
52
-117
-28
1,0
3,1
0,3
-11,3
-0,7
1,3
-1,2
-17,8
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
6 182
1 758
4 359
65
6 044
1 775
4 221
49
5 935
1 744
4 141
50
6 043
1 763
4 227
52
6 168
1 795
4 319
54
125
31
92
2
-14
37
-40
-11
2,1
1,8
2,2
3,0
-0,2
2,1
-0,9
-17,1
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 556
2 267
5 194
95
7 414
2 289
5 061
64
7 288
2 197
4 995
96
7 469
2 190
5 183
96
7 477
2 282
5 117
77
8
92
-66
-18
-80
15
-77
-17
0,1
4,2
-1,3
-19,2
-1,1
0,7
-1,5
-18,4
Medical aid benefits
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
51
P0211
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Income tax (PAYE/SITE) deduction
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 739
7 362
6 104
273
13 458
7 342
5 899
217
13 223
7 153
5 809
261
13 512
7 218
6 024
270
13 645
7 415
5 989
240
133
197
-35
-29
-94
54
-115
-33
1,0
2,7
-0,6
-10,8
-0,7
0,7
-1,9
-12,0
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
6 182
3 127
2 949
106
6 044
3 120
2 836
87
5 935
3 048
2 789
98
6 043
3 049
2 888
105
6 168
3 181
2 905
82
125
132
17
-24
-14
54
-44
-24
2,1
4,3
0,6
-22,7
-0,2
1,7
-1,5
-22,8
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 556
4 234
3 155
167
7 414
4 222
3 063
130
7 288
4 105
3 020
164
7 469
4 169
3 136
164
7 477
4 234
3 084
159
8
65
-52
-5
-80
-1
-70
-9
0,1
1,6
-1,6
-3,2
-1,1
0,0
-2,2
-5,1
13 739
10 942
2 797
13 458
10 781
2 677
13 223
10 572
2 651
13 512
10 807
2 705
13 645
10 873
2 771
133
66
67
-94
-69
-25
1,0
0,6
2,5
-0,7
-0,6
-0,9
Women
Written contract
Verbal agreement
6 182
4 894
1 288
6 044
4 813
1 231
5 935
4 719
1 216
6 043
4 865
1 178
6 168
4 932
1 236
125
67
58
-14
38
-52
2,1
1,4
4,9
-0,2
0,8
-4,1
Men
Written contract
Verbal agreement
7 556
6 048
1 508
7 414
5 968
1 446
7 288
5 853
1 436
7 469
5 943
1 526
7 477
5 941
1 536
8
-1
9
-80
-107
27
0,1
0,0
0,6
-1,1
-1,8
1,8
Conditions of employment
Both sexes
Written contract
Verbal agreement
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
52
P0211
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Nature of contract/agreement
Both sexes
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 739
1 959
8 408
3 371
13 458
1 859
8 380
3 219
13 223
1 775
8 168
3 281
13 512
1 928
8 274
3 310
13 645
1 890
8 359
3 396
133
-38
85
86
-94
-69
-49
25
1,0
-2,0
1,0
2,6
-0,7
-3,5
-0,6
0,7
Women
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
6 182
914
3 716
1 552
6 044
909
3 644
1 491
5 935
879
3 556
1 501
6 043
953
3 628
1 462
6 168
993
3 645
1 530
125
40
17
68
-14
79
-71
-22
2,1
4,2
0,5
4,7
-0,2
8,6
-1,9
-1,4
Men
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
7 556
1 045
4 692
1 820
7 414
950
4 736
1 728
7 288
896
4 612
1 780
7 469
976
4 646
1 848
7 477
897
4 714
1 866
8
-79
68
18
-79
-148
22
46
0,1
-8,1
1,5
1,0
-1,0
-14,2
0,5
2,5
13 739
3 835
9 559
345
13 458
3 788
9 299
371
13 223
3 716
9 117
390
13 512
3 781
9 373
358
13 645
3 849
9 437
359
133
68
64
1
-94
14
-122
14
1,0
1,8
0,7
0,3
-0,7
0,4
-1,3
4,1
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
6 182
1 604
4 442
137
6 044
1 575
4 321
148
5 935
1 587
4 191
158
6 043
1 617
4 289
137
6 168
1 665
4 377
126
125
48
88
-11
-14
61
-65
-11
2,1
3,0
2,1
-8,0
-0,2
3,8
-1,5
-8,0
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 556
2 232
5 117
207
7 414
2 213
4 978
223
7 288
2 129
4 927
232
7 469
2 164
5 084
220
7 477
2 184
5 060
234
8
20
-24
14
-79
-48
-57
27
0,1
0,9
-0,5
6,4
-1,0
-2,2
-1,1
13,0
Trade union membership
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
53
P0211
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2015
2016
Thousand
Thousand
How annual salary increment is
negotiated
Both sexes
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
Women
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 739
13 458
13 223
13 512
13 645
133
-94
1,0
-0,7
1 236
2 955
1 133
7 691
683
41
1 137
2 966
1 058
7 561
684
51
1 124
2 945
1 054
7 359
694
49
1 094
2 946
1 076
7 595
736
64
1 036
2 969
1 086
7 676
798
80
-58
23
10
81
62
16
-200
14
-47
-15
115
39
-5,3
0,8
0,9
1,1
8,4
25,0
-16,2
0,5
-4,1
-0,2
16,8
95,1
6 182
6 044
5 935
6 043
6 168
125
-14
2,1
-0,2
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
529
1 167
583
3 578
313
14
472
1 169
556
3 528
298
20
506
1 188
547
3 341
333
20
468
1 193
538
3 450
368
25
454
1 238
533
3 504
403
36
-14
45
-5
54
35
11
-75
71
-50
-74
90
22
-3,0
3,8
-0,9
1,6
9,5
44,0
-14,2
6,1
-8,6
-2,1
28,8
157,1
Men
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
7 556
707
1 789
550
4 113
370
28
7 414
665
1 797
502
4 033
386
31
7 288
618
1 757
507
4 018
361
28
7 469
625
1 753
538
4 146
368
39
7 477
582
1 731
553
4 172
395
44
8
-43
-22
15
26
27
5
-79
-125
-58
3
59
25
16
0,1
-6,9
-1,3
2,8
0,6
7,3
12,8
-1,0
-17,7
-3,2
0,5
1,4
6,8
57,1
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
54
P0211
Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
-3,2
0,3
-8,1
4,8
7,8
0,7
Both sexes
Women
Men
692
401
290
656
388
268
753
451
303
749
431
318
725
432
292
-24
1
-26
33
31
2
As Per centage of the labour force (both sexes)
Women
Men
3,3
4,2
2,5
3,1
4,0
2,3
3,6
4,7
2,6
3,5
4,4
2,7
3,3
4,4
2,4
-0,2
0,0
-0,3
0,0
0,2
-0,1
As Per centage of total employment (both sexes)
Women
Men
4,3
5,7
3,2
4,2
5,7
3,0
4,8
6,7
3,4
4,7
6,3
3,5
4,5
6,1
3,2
-0,2
-0,2
-0,3
0,2
0,4
0,0
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
692
17
1
35
.
73
115
13
39
174
224
656
22
1
33
1
79
98
13
47
149
213
753
31
0
25
3
90
122
11
47
170
254
749
34
1
35
1
79
126
21
48
178
227
725
26
1
23
2
81
127
23
52
157
232
-24
-8
0
-12
1
2
1
3
4
-21
6
33
9
0
-12
.
8
11
10
13
-17
9
-3,2
-23,3
-15,4
-33,0
91,4
2,1
0,9
12,3
8,8
-11,6
2,4
4,8
52,9
-35,6
-33,3
.
10,8
9,8
76,3
33,9
-9,7
3,9
Occupation
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
692
8
3
38
22
76
7
81
8
302
147
656
7
5
27
16
72
1
73
16
280
159
753
14
3
38
26
80
4
85
14
307
182
749
11
5
30
22
90
1
79
20
321
170
725
20
9
40
14
83
.
64
22
307
166
-24
9
4
10
-8
-7
.
-15
2
-14
-4
33
11
6
2
-8
7
.
-16
14
4
19
-3,2
79,0
75,7
31,9
-37,9
-7,4
.
-18,4
10,2
-4,4
-2,2
4,8
140,2
208,9
5,8
-36,2
9,8
.
-20,3
169,2
1,5
13,0
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
55
P0211
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Unemployed
Job losers
Job leavers
New entrants
Re-entrants
Other
5 193
1 664
302
2 125
220
881
5 723
1 805
353
2 293
282
991
5 634
1 786
277
2 306
304
960
5 873
1 857
315
2 331
323
1 047
5 781
1 839
368
2 164
293
1 118
-92
-18
53
-167
-30
71
588
175
66
38
73
236
-1,6
-1,0
16,9
-7,2
-9,4
6,7
11,3
10,5
21,9
1,8
33,1
26,8
Unemployed
Long-term unemployment (1 year and more)
Short-term unemployment (less than 1 year)
5 193
3 473
1 720
5 723
3 713
2 011
5 634
3 768
1 866
5 873
3 904
1 969
5 781
3 943
1 838
-92
39
-131
588
470
118
-1,6
1,0
-6,6
11,3
13,5
6,9
16,4
66,9
17,4
64,9
17,8
66,9
18,0
66,5
18,0
68,2
0,0
1,7
1,6
1,3
2 186
40
50
121
257
343
13
382
170
650
161
2 440
53
55
141
267
393
8
400
200
751
172
2 367
39
48
123
276
377
4
394
208
730
168
2 495
60
45
147
271
391
10
410
202
776
182
2 499
61
41
134
297
378
4
420
199
767
198
5
1
-3
-13
26
-14
-6
10
-3
-9
16
313
21
-9
14
40
34
-9
38
30
117
36
0,2
2,4
-7,8
-8,9
9,5
-3,6
-58,8
2,5
-1,4
-1,2
8,8
14,3
52,4
-17,5
11,2
15,7
9,9
-66,7
10,0
17,5
18,0
22,6
Long-term unemployment (%)
Proportion of the labour force
Proportion of the unemployed
Those who have worked in the past 5 years
Previous occupation
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
56
P0211
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Previous industry
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
2 186
117
42
259
16
355
518
98
262
302
216
.
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
2 440
126
61
295
13
415
537
109
314
332
236
2
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
2 367
143
55
304
11
375
527
116
296
314
227
.
2 495
152
66
284
9
410
559
122
348
308
238
.
2 499
123
54
286
14
429
522
128
346
348
249
0
5
-29
-11
3
5
20
-37
5
-2
40
10
.
313
6
13
28
-2
74
4
30
85
45
32
.
0,2
-19,0
-17,1
1,0
54,4
4,8
-6,6
4,5
-0,4
12,9
4,3
.
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
14,3
4,9
30,2
10,6
-13,6
20,9
0,7
30,3
32,3
15,0
15,0
.
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
57
P0211
Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
0,1
-0,7
2,5
-2,2
1,6
0,1
0,6
15 061
6 359
2 593
1 717
1 309
2 279
805
15 033
6 072
2 673
1 685
1 320
2 434
850
15 412
6 353
2 781
1 630
1 369
2 526
753
15 044
6 278
2 650
1 647
1 390
2 291
788
15 055
6 232
2 715
1 611
1 412
2 292
793
12
-46
65
-36
22
1
5
-6
-127
122
-106
103
14
-11
Inactivity rate by age (both sexes)
15–24 yrs
25–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
41,5
74,2
24,2
56,2
41,3
73,2
24,2
56,8
42,1
74,2
25,2
56,9
40,9
73,2
23,8
56,7
40,8
73,7
23,6
56,0
-0,1
0,5
-0,2
-0,7
-0,7
-0,5
-0,6
-0,2
Inactivity rate by age (women)
15–24 yrs
25–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
48,0
76,7
32,2
63,9
47,6
76,0
31,7
65,4
48,6
77,1
33,0
64,8
47,7
76,6
31,7
65,2
47,1
76,0
31,3
63,5
-0,6
-0,6
-0,4
-1,7
-0,9
-0,7
-0,9
-0,4
Inactivity rate by age (men)
15–24 yrs
25–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
34,9
71,8
16,1
46,8
34,8
70,4
16,6
46,4
35,5
71,4
17,2
47,4
34,0
69,8
15,9
46,4
34,3
71,3
15,8
46,8
0,3
1,5
-0,1
0,4
-0,6
-0,5
-0,3
0,0
Not economically active
Student
Homemaker
Illness/disability
Too old/young to work
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
0,0
-2,0
4,7
-6,2
7,9
0,6
-1,4
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
58
P0211
Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
16 018
1 317
5 054
4 935
3 287
1 424
15 675
1 256
4 939
4 868
3 220
1 391
15 545
1 229
4 824
4 815
3 279
1 398
15 833
1 265
4 896
4 923
3 323
1 426
16 069
1 333
4 954
4 992
3 313
1 477
235
67
58
69
-10
51
51
15
-100
56
26
53
1,5
5,3
1,2
1,4
-0,3
3,6
0,3
1,2
-2,0
1,1
0,8
3,8
5 193
1 337
2 075
1 159
497
125
5 723
1 506
2 242
1 238
591
147
5 634
1 428
2 208
1 308
541
148
5 873
1 497
2 319
1 348
568
141
5 781
1 382
2 319
1 360
589
130
-92
-115
0
12
21
-10
588
46
244
201
92
6
-1,6
-7,7
0,0
0,9
3,7
-7,4
11,3
3,4
11,7
17,3
18,6
4,6
Age group of the not economically active
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
15 061
7 646
2 416
1 592
1 423
1 983
15 033
7 543
2 405
1 627
1 436
2 023
15 412
7 653
2 594
1 654
1 467
2 044
15 044
7 549
2 451
1 550
1 439
2 054
15 055
7 598
2 431
1 510
1 473
2 044
12
49
-20
-41
34
-10
-6
-48
14
-83
50
61
0,1
0,6
-0,8
-2,6
2,4
-0,5
0,0
-0,6
0,6
-5,2
3,5
3,1
Highest level of education of the
employed
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
16 018
386
1 139
643
5 359
5 140
3 162
190
15 675
341
1 121
652
5 196
5 071
3 122
170
15 545
337
1 150
655
5 161
4 994
3 063
186
15 833
327
1 136
682
5 439
5 047
3 068
134
16 069
334
1 097
657
5 495
5 038
3 266
182
235
6
-40
-25
56
-8
198
48
51
-52
-42
14
136
-102
103
-7
1,5
1,9
-3,5
-3,6
1,0
-0,2
6,5
35,7
0,3
-13,6
-3,7
2,2
2,5
-2,0
3,3
-3,8
Age group of the employed
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
Age group of the unemployed
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
59
P0211
Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Highest level of education of the unemployed
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
5 193
65
343
215
2 369
1 764
405
32
5 723
83
363
250
2 619
1 933
435
42
5 634
74
352
213
2 648
1 871
426
49
5 873
82
359
216
2 849
1 870
467
31
5 781
73
346
215
2 785
1 875
451
35
-92
-9
-13
-1
-63
5
-16
4
588
8
2
0
416
112
46
3
-1,6
-10,9
-3,6
-0,3
-2,2
0,3
-3,5
14,5
11,3
13,1
0,7
-0,1
17,6
6,3
11,4
9,5
Highest level of education of the not
economically active
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
15 061
699
1 757
995
8 190
2 770
525
124
15 033
675
1 640
902
7 974
3 144
561
137
15 412
696
1 662
950
8 230
3 156
563
156
15 044
666
1 615
1 029
8 127
2 896
544
167
15 055
665
1 582
1 054
8 260
2 754
565
176
12
-2
-32
25
133
-142
21
9
-6
-35
-174
59
70
-17
40
51
0,1
-0,2
-2,0
2,4
1,6
-4,9
3,9
5,6
0,0
-4,9
-9,9
5,9
0,8
-0,6
7,6
41,3
Employed
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
16 018
370
15 648
15 675
367
15 308
15 545
356
15 189
15 833
363
15 470
16 069
390
15 678
235
27
208
51
20
31
1,5
7,5
1,3
0,3
5,4
0,2
Unemployed
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
5 193
120
5 073
5 723
120
5 603
5 634
103
5 531
5 873
113
5 760
5 781
117
5 663
-92
4
-96
588
-2
590
-1,6
3,7
-1,7
11,3
-2,0
11,6
Not economically active
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
15 061
6 261
8 800
15 033
5 919
9 114
15 412
6 191
9 221
15 044
6 204
8 839
15 055
6 175
8 881
12
-30
41
-6
-86
81
0,1
-0,5
0,5
0,0
-1,4
0,9
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
60
P0211
Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Employed and attending by type of educational
institution
Odinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre(ABET CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home based education or home schooling
370
31
25
55
243
10
3
367
31
44
51
230
9
-
356
27
3
31
57
228
8
1
1
363
22
1
27
64
239
5
1
1
390
43
1
32
69
231
11
1
27
21
-1
4
5
-7
5
0
20
11
6
13
-12
0
-2
7,5
97,1
-60,9
15,8
8,0
-3,0
101,6
36,0
5,4
36,5
25,0
23,8
-4,8
4,8
-58,1
Unemployed and attending by type of educational
institution
Odinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre(ABET CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home based education or home schooling
120
38
25
20
26
7
2
120
48
1
20
20
24
7
-
103
30
1
22
16
25
7
1
-
113
32
19
17
33
10
-
117
40
19
18
35
6
-
4
7
0
0
2
-4
-
-2
1
-6
-2
8
-1
-
3,7
23,0
-1,4
1,6
5,3
-39,4
-
-2,0
3,9
-22,5
-11,3
31,9
-15,0
-
6 261
5 919
6 191
6 204
6 175
-30
-86
-0,5
-1,4
5 050
35
390
166
570
26
3
2
4 564
49
432
206
636
31
0
4 775
44
423
235
656
52
1
2
4 842
54
393
224
639
33
6
4 961
55
346
188
563
30
0
5
120
0
-47
-36
-76
-4
-1
-88
19
-44
22
-7
4
-2
3
2,5
0,6
-12,0
-16,0
-11,9
-10,9
-13,4
-1,7
54,4
-11,3
13,5
-1,2
15,5
-84,8
145,6
Not economically active and attending by type of
educational institution
Odinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre(ABET CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home based education or home schooling
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
61
P0211
Table 6: Sociodemographic characteristics – South Africa (concluded)
Current marital status of the employed
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Current marital status of the unemployed
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Current marital status of the not economically
active
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
16 018
6 306
1 978
459
513
6 762
15 675
6 185
1 922
459
485
6 623
15 545
6 111
1 972
463
475
6 524
15 833
6 141
2 032
474
500
6 686
16 069
6 262
2 028
474
481
6 824
235
120
-4
0
-19
138
51
-44
50
15
-31
62
1,5
2,0
-0,2
-0,1
-3,7
2,1
0,3
-0,7
2,5
3,2
-6,1
0,9
5 193
899
578
58
100
3 557
5 723
945
642
82
109
3 945
5 634
878
682
85
99
3 889
5 873
938
690
81
102
4 063
5 781
943
655
84
108
3 990
-92
5
-34
3
7
-73
588
44
77
26
8
433
-1,6
0,6
-5,0
3,4
6,6
-1,8
11,3
4,9
13,3
44,9
8,2
12,2
15 061
2 750
794
629
265
10 624
15 033
2 815
791
605
263
10 559
15 412
2 846
854
599
279
10 833
15 044
2 808
784
597
248
10 606
15 055
2 814
778
602
246
10 616
12
5
-6
5
-3
10
-6
64
-16
-27
-19
-7
0,1
0,2
-0,8
0,9
-1,1
0,0
0,0
2,3
-2,0
-4,3
-7,2
0,0
62
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Table 7: Profile of those not in education and not in employment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
Apr-Jun
Jul-Sep
2015
2016
2016
2016
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Women
Men
13 873
8 186
5 687
14 717
8 569
6 148
14 752
8 587
6 165
14 599
8 549
6 050
14 544
8 481
6 063
-55
-68
13
671
295
376
-0,4
-0,8
0,2
4,8
3,6
6,6
Age group
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
13 873
2 997
4 157
2 698
1 914
2 106
14 717
3 398
4 317
2 821
2 015
2 166
14 752
3 217
4 427
2 913
2 002
2 192
14 599
3 153
4 403
2 861
1 990
2 192
14 544
3 107
4 389
2 829
2 048
2 171
-55
-46
-14
-32
58
-21
671
110
231
131
134
65
-0,4
-1,4
-0,3
-1,1
2,9
-0,9
4,8
3,7
5,6
4,8
7,0
3,1
Population groups
Black African
Coloured
Indian/Asian
White
13 873
11 616
1 239
336
682
14 717
12 353
1 298
360
706
14 752
12 379
1 343
344
686
14 599
12 206
1 316
348
729
14 544
12 234
1 283
318
710
-55
28
-33
-31
-19
671
617
44
-18
28
-0,4
0,2
-2,5
-8,8
-2,6
4,8
5,3
3,5
-5,4
4,1
South Africa
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
13 873
1 368
1 846
336
735
2 781
1 085
3 235
1 075
1 412
14 717
1 455
1 955
342
782
2 951
1 147
3 513
1 135
1 438
14 752
1 528
1 913
361
763
2 900
1 169
3 497
1 135
1 486
14 599
1 476
1 824
361
792
2 957
1 173
3 491
1 119
1 406
14 544
1 458
1 793
371
791
3 029
1 138
3 435
1 159
1 368
-55
-18
-31
10
-1
72
-35
-55
40
-38
671
90
-53
35
56
248
54
200
84
-44
-0,4
-1,2
-1,7
2,7
-0,1
2,4
-3,0
-1,6
3,6
-2,7
4,8
6,6
-2,9
10,3
7,6
8,9
5,0
6,2
7,8
-3,1
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
63
P0211
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
South Africa
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
1 604
4 710
124
369
25
5 976
1 707
765
3 505
1 647
4 552
106
659
31
5 975
1 756
864
3 354
1 637
4 822
107
485
40
6 057
1 659
847
3 551
1 829
4 989
248
821
41
6 284
1 757
912
3 615
1 885
4 787
144
809
40
6 208
1 777
928
3 502
57
-202
-105
-13
-1
-76
20
16
-113
281
76
20
439
14
232
71
164
-3
3,1
-4,1
-42,1
-1,5
-3,4
-1,2
1,2
1,8
-3,1
17,5
1,6
16,0
118,9
57,0
3,9
4,1
21,4
-0,1
Western Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
14
22
.
1
3
36
24
7
5
10
29
.
1
1
39
23
6
11
5
20
1
.
.
27
12
7
7
5
23
.
1
.
28
14
6
8
4
48
1
2
1
53
20
9
24
-1
25
.
1
.
25
6
3
16
-10
25
.
1
-2
17
-5
3
19
-22,1
110,0
.
70,1
.
89,7
44,0
49,7
201,1
-70,9
113,3
.
95,5
-61,8
46,0
-19,0
38,0
367,3
Eastern Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
413
1 153
10
17
3
1 432
365
173
893
424
989
5
77
1
1 270
303
135
833
363
1 136
8
89
4
1 348
298
148
903
402
1 139
6
133
1
1 354
295
154
905
467
1 055
8
135
3
1 295
302
159
834
65
-84
2
2
1
-59
7
5
-71
54
-99
-2
118
0
-137
-64
-14
-59
16,3
-7,4
39,2
1,9
125,3
-4,4
2,2
3,4
-7,9
13,2
-8,6
-16,7
675,9
-10,9
-9,6
-17,4
-8,4
-6,6
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
64
P0211
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
Northern Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
18
91
2
1
1
106
29
31
46
15
97
4
1
2
110
23
32
55
Free State
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
96
31
2
.
3
124
56
18
50
KwaZulu-Natal
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
657
1 373
77
103
7
1 801
459
165
1 177
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
28
112
4
3
1
128
28
34
66
18
92
0
2
3
103
20
27
56
18
94
0
1
1
103
20
26
57
1
2
0
-1
-2
0
0
-1
1
0
3
-1
0
0
-3
-9
-5
11
3,1
2,4
16,9
-48,9
-65,3
0,4
0,2
-2,2
1,7
-1,4
3,2
-82,3
-22,4
10,1
-3,0
-31,5
-16,4
24,0
92
64
4
2
3
139
62
23
54
137
85
1
1
3
199
79
30
91
109
65
.
2
6
167
74
39
54
95
44
1
1
4
136
53
44
40
-15
-21
.
-1
-2
-32
-21
5
-15
-1
12
-1
.
0
12
-4
26
-10
-13,3
-32,3
.
-35,2
-36,1
-18,8
-29,0
12,6
-27,4
-1,3
39,7
-61,5
.
5,2
9,8
-6,4
142,6
-20,2
714
1 322
68
87
11
1 700
461
197
1 043
738
1 316
71
80
18
1 756
470
178
1 108
937
1 388
215
288
17
1 815
448
191
1 176
887
1 330
107
234
18
1 834
473
198
1 163
-49
-58
-108
-54
0
19
25
7
-13
231
-43
30
131
11
33
14
33
-13
-5,3
-4,2
-50,3
-18,8
2,7
1,1
5,6
3,5
-1,1
35,1
-3,1
38,7
127,1
161,5
1,8
3,0
19,7
-1,1
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
65
P0211
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
North West
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
25
432
3
15
.
457
116
78
263
33
448
4
9
.
480
115
97
269
Gauteng
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
44
161
5
188
4
390
212
111
67
Mpumalanga
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
142
423
24
18
2
517
147
81
289
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
41
433
2
17
1
471
131
59
281
41
488
1
18
2
522
146
90
286
61
483
2
16
2
512
142
70
300
20
-5
1
-2
0
-10
-4
-20
14
36
51
-1
0
2
55
26
-8
38
49,7
-1,0
46,4
-13,0
-15,2
-1,9
-2,6
-22,4
4,9
143,6
11,8
-32,1
2,3
.
12,1
22,8
-10,7
14,3
24
141
2
423
7
587
322
166
99
25
120
4
235
5
353
167
141
44
39
136
1
320
6
465
258
134
73
23
133
6
359
2
487
270
153
64
-16
-3
5
39
-4
21
12
19
-10
-21
-28
1
171
-2
96
57
42
-3
-40,9
-2,2
754,3
12,3
-70,8
4,5
4,7
14,2
-13,5
-47,6
-17,6
22,7
91,0
-48,9
24,7
27,0
38,0
-4,7
149
430
19
24
4
532
133
113
286
118
571
15
20
.
646
173
122
351
128
536
23
21
.
617
179
131
307
137
564
17
23
3
652
192
137
323
9
29
-6
2
3
35
13
6
16
-5
141
-7
5
1
135
46
55
34
6,6
5,3
-26,0
10,7
.
5,7
7,2
4,3
5,4
-3,3
33,4
-29,2
31,0
71,3
26,1
31,0
67,9
11,8
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
66
P0211
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (concluded)
Limpopo
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Oct-Dec
2015
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2016
Thousand
195
1 024
2
26
4
1 113
186
1 032
.
35
1
1 116
298
99
715
315
97
705
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Apr-Jun
2016
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
Jul-Sep
2016
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2016
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
181
1 029
1
40
7
1 129
150
1 123
2
37
5
1 212
193
1 037
2
38
7
1 136
43
-87
0
1
2
-76
-3
13
0
12
4
24
28,6
-7,7
-16,6
1,4
31,8
-6,3
-1,4
1,3
7,1
45,5
103,3
2,1
300
128
701
324
140
749
307
132
697
-17
-7
-51
9
33
-18
-5,3
-5,3
-6,9
3,0
33,7
-2,6
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
67
P0211
Appendix 2
Appendix 2A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by sex
Coefficient of Variation
Qtr-to-qtr
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
change
2016
2016
Both Sexes
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal Sector (Non-agriculture)
Informal sector (Non-agriculture)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal Sector (Non-agriculture)
Informal sector (Non-agriculture)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,6
0,9
2,1
5,4
2,6
1,5
0,7
3,5
0,7
0,5
0,6
0,9
2,0
4,5
2,5
1,7
0,7
3,6
0,8
143
235
127
53
38
17
-92
12
1
10
-32
70
-57
-62
-28
-47
-260
-163
-150
-163
318
401
310
169
104
81
76
187
153
184
0,11
0,01
0,18
0,36
0,26
0,60
0,28
0,90
0,99
0,91
1,3
1,5
-0,6
-1,3
0,1
0,09
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,1
0,0
-0,3
0,9
0,6
0,05
0,56
0,7
0,9
1,3
3,0
9,3
2,8
2,0
0,8
3,9
0,8
0,7
1,0
1,3
3,3
6,8
2,9
2,2
0,8
4,0
0,9
156
159
102
8
51
-1
-3
-82
-12
-69
38
51
-7
-59
13
-52
-115
-200
-114
-187
274
266
210
75
88
50
110
36
90
48
0,01
0,00
0,07
0,82
0,01
0,96
0,96
0,17
0,81
0,24
1,7
1,9
-0,4
-1,5
0,5
0,33
0,9
0,7
1,0
0,7
0,7
0,6
0,1
0,0
1,3
1,3
0,02
0,05
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
68
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Appendix 2A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Sex
Coefficient of Variation
Qtr-to-qtr
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
change
2016
2016
Men
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal Sector (Non-agriculture)
Informal sector (Non-agriculture)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,8
1,1
2,7
5,7
6,4
1,9
0,9
4,6
1,1
0,5
0,7
1,0
2,3
4,8
5,4
2,0
1,0
4,5
1,1
-13
77
25
46
-13
18
-90
94
14
80
-130
-55
-113
-37
-68
-17
-204
-24
-73
-24
104
209
164
129
42
54
25
211
101
184
0,83
0,25
0,72
0,28
0,65
0,31
0,13
0,12
0,76
0,13
1,9
1,8
-0,7
-1,6
0,2
0,12
0,8
0,5
0,7
0,5
0,2
-0,3
-0,5
-1,0
0,9
0,3
0,58
0,27
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
69
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Appendix 2.1A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Population Group
Coefficient of
Variation
Qtr-to-qtr
Lower
change
95%
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
South Africa
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black/African
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,6
1,5
0,7
0,5
0,6
1,7
0,7
143
235
-92
12
-32
70
-260
-163
318
401
76
187
0,11
0,01
0,28
0,90
1,3
0,6
0,5
1,5
0,6
0,5
-0,6
0,4
0,1
-1,3
0,0
-0,3
0,1
0,9
0,6
0,09
0,05
0,56
0,5
0,7
1,6
0,7
0,5
0,7
1,8
0,7
123
174
-51
29
-42
26
-208
-137
288
322
105
194
0,15
0,02
0,52
0,73
1,4
0,7
0,5
1,6
0,7
0,5
-0,5
0,4
0,1
-1,3
-0,1
-0,4
0,3
0,9
0,7
0,19
0,13
0,67
1,2
1,9
4,4
2,0
1,4
1,6
4,9
2,5
30
43
-14
-20
-32
-7
-68
-82
91
94
41
41
0,34
0,09
0,63
0,52
4,4
1,9
1,2
4,4
1,6
1,4
-0,9
1,2
0,7
-3,2
-0,4
-1,1
1,3
2,6
2,5
0,40
0,14
0,45
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
70
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Appendix 2.1A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Population Group
Coefficient of
Variation
Qtr-to-qtr
Lower
change
95%
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Indian/Asian
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio (Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Upper
95%
P-Value
3,0
2,5
17,9
4,7
2,8
2,6
17,5
4,3
1
13
-13
1
-22
-19
-38
-21
23
46
13
24
0,94
0,41
0,33
0,92
16,0
2,5
3,0
16,1
2,6
2,8
-2,1
1,3
-0,1
-6,3
-2,0
-2,3
2,1
4,5
2,2
0,32
0,45
0,98
1,2
1,3
9,2
2,6
1,4
1,6
10,9
2,9
-10
4
-15
2
-56
-42
-38
-43
35
51
9
48
0,66
0,85
0,22
0,92
8,9
1,3
1,2
10,8
1,6
1,4
-0,7
0,3
-0,1
-1,8
-1,2
-1,7
0,4
1,9
1,3
0,23
0,69
0,84
71
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
South Africa
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates(%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,6
1,5
0,7
3,5
0,7
0,5
0,6
1,7
0,7
3,6
0,8
143
235
-92
12
1
10
-32
70
-260
-163
-150
-163
318
401
76
187
153
184
0,11
0,01
0,28
0,90
0,99
0,91
1,3
1,5
-0,6
-1,3
0,1
0,09
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,1
0,0
-0,3
0,9
0,6
0,05
0,56
1,1
1,7
4,3
2,3
19,8
2,5
1,2
1,7
4,2
2,6
18,9
2,7
41
70
-29
-18
-5
-13
-22
-1
-81
-80
-25
-77
104
142
23
45
15
52
0,20
0,06
0,27
0,58
0,63
0,70
4,3
4,1
-1,2
-3,0
0,4
0,14
1,7
1,1
1,7
1,2
1,3
0,6
-0,3
-0,9
3,0
2,0
0,11
0,43
72
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Western Cape - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates(%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape - City of Cape Town
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates(%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,2
2,7
7,1
4,3
24,2
4,9
2,3
2,4
7,8
4,3
23,1
4,5
1
57
-56
9
-3
11
-56
6
-92
-48
-21
-47
58
107
-21
66
16
69
0,98
0,03
0,00
0,76
0,78
0,70
6,7
7,2
-5,3
-8,5
-2,2
0,00
2,7
2,2
2,4
2,3
3,2
-0,4
0,1
-3,9
6,4
3,2
0,04
0,85
1,4
2,3
5,2
2,9
28,8
3,0
1,4
2,3
4,9
3,3
29,8
3,4
40
14
27
-26
-2
-24
15
-37
-12
-51
-10
-50
66
64
65
-1
5
2
0,00
0,59
0,17
0,04
0,53
0,07
5,3
4,9
0,9
-1,2
3,0
0,40
2,3
1,4
2,3
1,4
0,3
1,0
-1,6
0,2
2,0
2,0
0,81
0,02
73
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Eastern Cape
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,8
1,8
4,9
1,7
8,0
2,0
1,9
1,8
6,0
1,8
6,2
2,3
13
5
9
-1
18
-19
-46
-40
-48
-60
-41
-72
72
49
65
59
77
34
0,67
0,84
0,77
0,98
0,55
0,49
3,7
4,8
0,2
-2,1
2,5
0,84
1,8
1,8
1,8
1,9
0,0
0,1
-1,1
-1,3
1,1
1,6
0,99
0,81
3,0
2,7
8,0
2,1
8,5
2,5
3,2
2,6
10,2
2,1
6,3
2,8
-34
-21
-13
43
41
2
-90
-58
-61
-13
-17
-48
21
16
35
98
98
53
0,22
0,26
0,59
0,13
0,17
0,93
6,1
7,9
-0,4
-3,7
3,0
0,83
2,7
3,0
2,6
3,2
-0,8
-1,4
-2,1
-3,3
0,5
0,6
0,21
0,18
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
74
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of
Variation
Qtr-to-qtr
Lower
change
95%
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Eastern Cape - Buffalo City
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Nelson Mandela Bay
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,5
2,9
9,0
4,8
28,2
4,2
2,2
4,2
6,2
5,3
48,2
4,5
25
-1
26
-24
-16
-8
11
-21
3
-39
-25
-19
40
19
49
-9
-6
2
0,00
0,95
0,03
0,00
0,00
0,11
7,6
6,2
5,3
-1,0
11,6
0,10
2,9
2,5
4,2
2,2
-0,3
4,9
-4,3
1,9
3,7
7,8
0,90
0,00
1,7
2,6
4,6
2,9
42,1
3,3
2,1
3,3
9,4
3,9
48,3
3,8
22
26
-4
-19
-7
-13
7
12
-24
-34
-15
-24
37
41
15
-5
2
-2
0,00
0,00
0,67
0,01
0,12
0,02
4,3
8,4
-2,2
-5,4
1,1
0,19
2,6
1,7
3,3
2,1
3,1
2,6
1,3
0,7
5,0
4,4
0,00
0,01
75
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Northern Cape
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
4,2
5,1
7,2
5,4
11,8
5,5
3,6
5,2
5,3
4,7
6,8
5,0
1
-10
11
1
1
0
-24
-30
-8
-24
-11
-22
26
10
31
26
14
22
0,92
0,33
0,26
0,92
0,83
0,99
6,2
5,5
2,4
-1,3
6,3
0,19
5,1
4,2
5,2
3,6
-1,4
0,0
-4,0
-3,2
1,2
3,2
0,29
0,99
2,0
3,7
5,2
3,4
13,0
4,3
1,4
2,7
4,5
2,2
14,0
3,3
-26
-24
-2
27
-3
30
-77
-81
-50
-24
-27
-24
25
33
46
78
21
84
0,32
0,42
0,92
0,30
0,82
0,28
5,2
4,3
0,5
-3,3
4,4
0,78
3,7
2,0
2,7
1,4
-1,2
-1,4
-4,3
-4,1
1,8
1,3
0,41
0,31
76
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Free State - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State - Mangaung
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,5
4,4
6,7
4,1
14,0
4,8
1,8
2,4
4,5
2,6
17,6
3,6
-32
-15
-17
31
4
28
-80
-69
-62
-17
-19
-24
17
40
28
80
27
79
0,20
0,60
0,46
0,20
0,73
0,29
6,3
3,8
-0,7
-5,9
4,5
0,78
4,4
2,5
2,4
1,8
-1,0
-2,3
-5,1
-5,9
3,0
1,3
0,60
0,20
3,3
6,6
6,6
6,5
27,2
10,0
2,2
6,9
10,5
4,6
19,4
7,2
6
-9
15
-4
-7
3
-11
-25
-2
-21
-15
-16
23
7
31
13
1
21
0,52
0,26
0,09
0,62
0,10
0,79
8,5
11,1
3,6
-0,5
7,7
0,09
6,6
3,3
6,9
2,2
-1,8
0,9
-4,8
-2,3
1,2
4,1
0,23
0,58
77
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
KwaZulu Natal
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu Natal - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,7
1,6
5,3
1,6
7,1
2,1
1,7
1,6
5,3
1,6
8,6
2,8
78
45
32
-51
4
-55
-1
-15
-32
-129
-77
-154
156
106
96
27
85
45
0,05
0,14
0,33
0,20
0,93
0,28
4,3
4,2
0,4
-1,2
2,1
0,62
1,6
1,7
1,6
1,7
0,5
0,9
-0,4
-0,2
1,4
2,1
0,24
0,10
2,4
2,5
6,7
1,7
8,3
2,6
2,7
2,4
7,8
1,9
9,6
3,5
23
29
-6
-3
38
-41
-48
-24
-59
-75
-38
-136
95
82
48
68
113
53
0,52
0,28
0,83
0,92
0,32
0,39
5,5
6,1
-0,7
-3,0
1,7
0,59
2,5
2,4
2,4
2,7
0,6
0,3
-0,7
-1,3
1,7
2,0
0,39
0,68
78
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
KwaZulu Natal - eThekwini
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
North West
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,4
1,7
8,7
3,6
10,2
3,9
2,0
1,9
6,7
3,3
12,7
4,1
54
16
38
-48
-34
-13
23
-12
4
-79
-64
-46
86
45
72
-16
-4
20
0,00
0,26
0,03
0,00
0,03
0,42
6,9
5,6
1,8
-0,3
4,0
0,10
1,7
2,4
1,9
2,0
0,5
2,1
-0,6
0,8
1,7
3,4
0,36
0,00
2,4
3,2
7,4
2,6
11,2
3,7
2,2
2,9
7,3
2,4
10,7
3,1
10
60
-50
1
2
-1
-44
11
-103
-53
-38
-67
64
108
3
55
43
65
0,72
0,02
0,07
0,97
0,92
0,97
6,4
6,6
-4,0
-7,6
-0,5
0,03
3,2
2,4
2,9
2,2
2,2
0,2
0,3
-2,0
4,2
2,4
0,03
0,88
79
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Gauteng
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,6
1,2
2,4
1,7
8,8
1,8
0,8
1,1
3,2
2,0
11,5
2,0
17
44
-26
34
-26
60
-78
-58
-123
-61
-80
-20
113
145
71
130
28
140
0,72
0,40
0,59
0,48
0,34
0,14
2,4
2,8
-0,5
-1,7
0,8
0,49
1,2
0,6
1,1
0,8
0,2
-0,2
-0,9
-1,2
1,2
0,8
0,74
0,68
2,2
4,5
10,1
4,5
11,9
6,0
3,2
2,8
10,4
6,1
11,4
6,4
-17
-14
-2
20
-13
33
-60
-61
-27
-24
-25
-13
27
32
22
64
-1
79
0,46
0,54
0,87
0,37
0,04
0,16
9,3
7,9
0,4
-2,6
3,3
0,80
4,5
2,2
2,8
3,2
-1,2
-1,4
-4,7
-4,7
2,3
1,9
0,50
0,40
80
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Gauteng - Ekurhuleni
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - City of Johannesburg
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,6
3,0
4,4
4,1
22,0
3,6
1,3
2,3
6,3
3,4
20,3
2,8
34
42
-8
-24
-1
-23
-18
-23
-79
-76
-32
-57
86
108
62
28
30
11
0,20
0,20
0,82
0,37
0,96
0,18
4,6
5,7
-1,1
-4,6
2,5
0,57
3,0
1,6
2,3
1,3
1,5
1,1
-1,1
-1,0
4,1
3,2
0,26
0,32
1,0
1,6
3,2
3,1
16,6
3,3
1,1
1,2
4,6
3,5
27,7
3,7
12
17
-5
12
-10
22
-43
-33
-55
-43
-36
-24
67
67
44
67
17
67
0,68
0,50
0,83
0,67
0,48
0,36
3,1
3,8
-0,4
-1,9
1,2
0,69
1,6
1,0
1,2
1,1
0,1
-0,2
-1,3
-1,7
1,5
1,3
0,87
0,82
81
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Gauteng - City of Tshwane
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Mpumalanga
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,3
2,5
5,4
3,4
12,9
4,0
1,8
2,9
8,0
4,4
24,6
4,4
-12
-1
-11
26
-3
29
-60
-45
-55
-23
-36
-14
37
43
34
75
30
71
0,63
0,96
0,64
0,29
0,87
0,18
5,4
7,5
-0,5
-2,7
1,8
0,71
2,5
1,3
2,9
1,8
-0,3
-0,9
-2,2
-2,9
1,5
1,1
0,69
0,37
1,7
3,1
4,7
2,6
10,7
2,6
2,0
3,1
3,6
2,9
10,9
3,4
-14
-19
5
26
16
11
-61
-57
-33
-21
-19
-27
33
19
43
73
50
48
0,56
0,33
0,79
0,27
0,37
0,58
4,9
3,8
0,6
-1,3
2,4
0,56
3,1
1,7
3,1
2,0
-0,8
-0,7
-2,2
-2,4
0,5
0,9
0,22
0,37
82
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Jul-Sep
2016
Limpopo
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,2
2,8
4,5
2,0
11,4
2,8
2,4
2,5
7,7
2,2
7,4
2,3
23
64
-42
-8
-6
-3
-54
9
-90
-85
-86
-76
99
119
7
68
74
71
0,56
0,02
0,09
0,83
0,89
0,94
4,6
6,7
-2,6
-4,9
-0,4
0,02
2,8
2,2
2,5
2,4
1,6
0,4
0,1
-1,7
3,1
2,5
0,04
0,68
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
83
P0211
Appendix 3.1A: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Industry and Sex
Coefficient of
Variation
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private household
0,6
5,4
7,4
2,9
11,9
2,9
1,9
3,8
2,5
1,8
2,6
0,6
4,5
8,3
3,1
14,3
3,1
1,9
3,3
2,3
2,0
2,5
235
38
-17
44
13
-9
24
46
6
73
17
70
-28
-74
-49
-14
-89
-73
-10
-118
-35
-47
401
104
41
137
40
72
122
102
129
180
81
0,01
0,26
0,57
0,35
0,34
0,83
0,62
0,11
0,93
0,18
0,60
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private household
0,9
9,3
14,8
4,1
19,9
8,0
2,4
8,4
3,0
2,1
2,8
1,0
6,8
15,8
4,4
20,9
9,2
2,6
7,2
3,6
2,4
2,9
159
51
8
-8
2
9
21
13
3
61
-1
51
13
-12
-53
-9
-19
-46
-15
-67
-20
-52
266
88
29
37
13
38
88
40
72
141
50
0,00
0,01
0,41
0,72
0,75
0,52
0,53
0,37
0,94
0,14
0,96
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private household
0,8
5,7
7,4
3,5
13,2
2,9
2,5
4,1
3,5
2,8
6,4
0,7
4,8
8,0
3,5
14,9
3,2
2,4
3,6
2,8
2,8
5,4
77
-13
-25
52
11
-18
3
33
3
12
18
-55
-68
-69
-27
-13
-94
-65
-17
-90
-51
-17
209
42
19
132
35
58
72
84
96
75
54
0,25
0,65
0,27
0,20
0,36
0,64
0,92
0,20
0,95
0,71
0,31
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
84
P0211
Table 3.4A: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Variation
Qrt to Qrt
Change
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
South Africa
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
0,6
0,9
2,1
5,4
2,6
0,6
0,9
2,0
4,5
2,5
235
127
53
38
17
70
-57
-62
-28
-47
401
310
169
104
81
0,01
0,18
0,36
0,26
0,60
Western Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,7
2,2
5,1
8,0
8,2
1,7
2,8
7,5
6,9
7,8
70
2
9
54
5
-1
-82
-27
17
-21
142
86
46
91
30
0,06
0,96
0,61
0,01
0,71
Western Cape - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,7
4,6
12,4
8,4
16,3
2,4
5,6
13,5
7,1
15,5
57
7
-4
55
-2
6
-47
-21
18
-22
107
62
13
93
18
0,03
0,79
0,65
0,00
0,84
Western Cape - City of Cape Town
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,3
2,5
4,0
24,8
7,4
2,3
3,2
9,3
28,6
7,8
14
-5
13
-1
7
-37
-68
-19
-6
-9
64
58
46
3
23
0,59
0,88
0,42
0,51
0,40
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,8
2,5
5,2
15,7
8,1
1,8
2,6
5,0
10,6
8,3
5
9
13
-12
-6
-40
-30
-13
-41
-20
49
47
40
18
8
0,84
0,65
0,33
0,44
0,41
Eastern Cape - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,7
4,4
6,2
16,9
11,2
2,6
4,4
5,5
11,4
11,9
-21
-11
6
-12
-4
-58
-41
-17
-39
-17
16
18
28
16
9
0,26
0,46
0,62
0,42
0,56
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
85
P0211
Table 3.4A: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Variation
Qrt to Qrt
Change
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
Eastern Cape - Buffalo City
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,9
1,9
13,9
61,1
6,6
4,2
4,1
13,5
79,1
6,7
-1
-4
6
-3
0
-21
-20
-1
-7
-4
19
13
12
1
4
0,95
0,66
0,08
0,19
0,99
Eastern Cape - Nelson Mandela Bay
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,6
3,3
13,0
50,0
18,9
3,3
4,0
16,9
26,2
18,1
26
24
2
3
-2
12
6
-10
-5
-6
41
42
14
11
2
0,00
0,01
0,77
0,52
0,30
Northern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
5,1
6,6
22,6
31,3
13,8
5,2
7,6
8,7
36,0
17,2
-10
-3
-1
-3
-3
-30
-23
-15
-15
-14
10
17
13
9
8
0,33
0,77
0,88
0,64
0,59
Free State
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,7
5,8
11,7
9,7
12,8
2,7
3,7
8,7
8,0
8,8
-24
-18
-3
5
-8
-81
-64
-45
-4
-29
33
29
40
14
13
0,42
0,46
0,90
0,26
0,44
Free State - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
4,4
6,7
16,9
9,7
18,0
2,4
5,0
11,7
8,0
10,2
-15
-15
-6
5
2
-69
-54
-44
-4
-19
40
23
32
14
23
0,60
0,43
0,77
0,28
0,88
Free State - Mangaung
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
6,6
11,0
11,3
104,7
10,5
6,9
4,7
12,9
99,2
16,8
-9
-2
3
0
-10
-25
-28
-17
0
-13
7
24
23
1
-7
0,26
0,87
0,77
0,46
0,00
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
86
P0211
Table 3.4A: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Variation
Qrt to Qrt
Change
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
KwaZulu Natal
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,6
2,2
6,6
10,5
6,2
1,6
2,1
5,4
12,1
5,9
45
27
1
5
12
-15
-45
-49
-18
-13
106
99
52
28
38
0,14
0,46
0,96
0,67
0,34
KwaZulu Natal - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,5
3,8
6,2
10,8
8,7
2,4
3,2
6,9
12,4
9,4
29
22
-1
3
6
-24
-34
-41
-20
-15
82
77
39
25
27
0,28
0,44
0,96
0,82
0,58
KwaZulu Natal - eThekwini
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,7
2,2
14,9
40,8
8,9
1,9
2,6
8,8
42,7
7,2
16
5
2
2
7
-12
-42
-29
-2
-9
45
52
34
6
22
0,26
0,83
0,88
0,26
0,41
North West
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,2
4,5
8,6
19,0
10,1
2,9
3,3
9,5
15,7
11,1
60
44
4
7
5
11
-21
-27
-1
-10
108
108
35
14
21
0,02
0,19
0,80
0,07
0,50
Gauteng
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,2
1,6
3,7
18,3
4,4
1,1
1,4
3,4
14,5
4,9
44
54
7
-11
-6
-58
-57
-49
-25
-43
145
165
62
3
32
0,40
0,34
0,82
0,11
0,77
Gauteng - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
4,5
6,0
15,7
37,3
15,7
2,8
4,3
11,6
15,2
13,5
-14
-18
8
-4
0
-61
-65
-20
-16
-11
32
29
35
7
12
0,54
0,46
0,59
0,43
0,94
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
87
P0211
Table 3.4A: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Variation
Qrt to Qrt
Change
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
Gauteng - Ekurhuleni
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,0
3,7
7,2
31,9
12,9
2,3
2,7
6,2
41,4
11,0
42
39
11
-6
-2
-23
-34
-17
-12
-29
108
112
40
1
25
0,20
0,29
0,45
0,09
0,87
Gauteng - City of Johannesburg
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,6
2,6
3,6
33,5
6,9
1,2
2,0
4,3
49,0
9,9
17
16
5
-2
-3
-33
-41
-23
-5
-25
67
73
34
2
19
0,50
0,59
0,71
0,32
0,82
Gauteng - City of Tswhane
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,5
3,0
9,7
19,1
5,3
2,9
3,6
10,3
25,6
6,2
-1
17
-17
0
-1
-45
-32
-43
-4
-11
43
66
8
4
9
0,96
0,50
0,18
0,84
0,80
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,1
4,5
7,7
11,4
9,5
3,1
3,3
9,4
13,8
9,4
-19
-19
3
-12
8
-57
-64
-44
-24
-5
19
27
50
1
22
0,33
0,42
0,89
0,06
0,21
Limpopo
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,8
4,1
5,4
23,9
8,3
2,5
4,2
5,5
14,6
8,3
64
31
19
5
9
9
-21
-13
-24
-6
119
83
51
34
24
0,02
0,24
0,24
0,73
0,23
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
88
P0211
Appendix 3.5A: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Sex and Occupation
Coefficient of
Variation
Qrt to Qrt
Lower
Change
95%
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2016
2016
Upper
95%
P-Value
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,6
2,8
4,1
3,0
2,7
2,5
15,4
2,6
2,8
1,7
2,8
0,6
2,9
4,2
3,1
2,5
2,2
12,5
2,3
2,9
1,8
3,0
235
68
57
14
30
11
-6
30
7
58
-33
70
-16
-12
-59
-40
-105
-25
-62
-66
-59
-84
401
152
127
87
100
126
13
123
79
175
18
0,01
0,11
0,11
0,71
0,40
0,86
0,53
0,52
0,86
0,33
0,20
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,9
5,3
5,2
3,9
2,9
2,8
30,1
6,7
7,4
2,6
2,8
1,0
5,5
5,0
4,1
3,1
2,9
27,6
7,5
9,1
2,5
3,0
159
26
-1
7
19
40
-2
-7
-13
94
-4
51
-20
-47
-51
-35
-22
-12
-33
-39
27
-55
266
72
44
64
74
101
8
20
13
161
48
0,00
0,26
0,96
0,82
0,49
0,20
0,73
0,62
0,33
0,01
0,89
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,8
3,1
5,0
4,0
4,6
3,5
15,1
2,7
3,1
2,3
14,0
0,7
2,9
5,7
4,1
4,4
2,8
12,7
2,3
3,1
2,3
20,2
77
42
58
7
11
-29
-4
37
20
-36
-29
-55
-19
13
-45
-29
-119
-20
-50
-46
-129
-43
209
103
104
60
51
61
11
125
86
57
-16
0,25
0,17
0,01
0,79
0,59
0,53
0,57
0,40
0,56
0,45
0,00
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
89
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Sex
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Both Sexes
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal Sector (Non-agriculture)
Informal sector (Non-agriculture)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal Sector (Non-agriculture)
Informal sector (Non-agriculture)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,6
0,9
2,2
4,2
2,6
1,8
0,7
3,6
0,8
0,5
0,6
0,9
2,0
4,5
2,5
1,7
0,7
3,6
0,8
638
51
-24
11
59
5
588
-6
14
-19
381
-188
-275
-129
-44
-83
368
-263
-177
-268
896
289
226
151
162
93
807
252
204
230
0,00
0,68
0,85
0,88
0,26
0,91
0,00
0,97
0,89
0,88
1,6
1,5
2,0
1,1
2,9
0,00
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,5
-0,7
0,7
-1,3
0,0
0,0
1,4
0,06
0,04
0,7
0,9
1,3
2,9
6,5
2,7
2,0
0,7
3,9
0,8
0,7
1,0
1,3
3,3
6,8
2,9
2,2
0,8
4,0
0,9
316
36
89
-41
17
-29
280
-20
-5
-16
153
-139
-85
-118
-32
-106
145
-183
-121
-182
479
211
262
35
67
49
416
143
112
151
0,00
0,69
0,31
0,29
0,49
0,47
0,00
0,81
0,94
0,85
1,8
1,9
2,0
0,7
3,3
0,00
0,9
0,7
1,0
0,7
-0,5
0,9
-1,4
0,0
0,5
1,8
0,39
0,05
90
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Sex
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Men
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Formal Sector (Non-agriculture)
Informal sector (Non-agriculture)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,7
1,0
2,8
4,7
6,6
2,3
1,0
4,2
1,0
0,5
0,7
1,0
2,3
4,8
5,4
2,0
1,0
4,5
1,1
322
15
-113
52
42
34
308
14
18
-4
154
-149
-276
-61
-35
-9
158
-154
-92
-155
490
178
49
166
119
76
457
182
128
147
0,00
0,86
0,17
0,36
0,29
0,12
0,00
0,87
0,75
0,96
2,1
1,8
2,0
0,8
3,1
0,00
0,7
0,5
0,7
0,5
-0,8
0,6
-1,8
-0,4
0,1
1,5
0,07
0,23
91
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Population Group
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
South Africa
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio
(Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black/African
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio
(Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio
(Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,6
1,8
0,7
0,5
0,6
1,7
0,7
638
51
588
-6
381
-188
368
-263
896
289
807
252
0,00
0,68
0,00
0,97
1,6
1,5
2,0
1,1
2,9
0,00
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,5
-0,7
0,7
-1,3
0,0
0,0
1,4
0,06
0,04
0,6
0,7
1,9
0,8
0,5
0,7
1,8
0,7
661
79
582
-48
421
-131
375
-288
902
289
790
193
0,00
0,46
0,00
0,70
1,6
1,6
2,4
1,3
3,4
0,00
0,7
0,6
0,7
0,5
-0,6
1,1
-1,3
0,2
0,1
1,9
0,11
0,01
1,0
1,6
5,2
1,8
1,4
1,6
4,9
2,5
30
15
14
11
-41
-56
-47
-60
100
87
76
81
0,41
0,68
0,65
0,77
5,0
4,4
0,4
-2,3
3,0
0,79
1,6
1,0
1,6
1,4
-0,1
0,2
-2,3
-2,0
2,0
2,2
0,90
0,91
92
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Population Group
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Indian/Asian
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio
(Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15-64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed / population ratio
(Absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,2
2,2
12,9
3,3
2,8
2,6
17,5
4,3
15
12
3
-5
-23
-27
-22
-42
52
50
28
33
0,44
0,54
0,82
0,81
12,0
16,1
0,2
-3,8
4,2
0,92
2,2
2,2
2,6
2,8
0,7
0,9
-3,3
-3,0
4,6
4,7
0,74
0,65
1,3
1,5
12,2
2,9
1,4
1,6
10,9
2,9
-67
-56
-11
36
-133
-124
-51
-29
-2
12
28
102
0,05
0,11
0,57
0,28
12,0
10,8
-0,3
-2,2
1,5
0,72
1,5
1,3
1,6
1,4
-1,2
-1,5
-3,4
-3,7
1,1
0,6
0,30
0,17
93
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
South Africa
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates(%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,5
0,6
1,8
0,7
3,6
0,8
0,5
0,6
1,7
0,7
3,6
0,8
638
51
588
-6
14
-19
381
-188
368
-263
-177
-268
896
289
807
252
204
230
0,00
0,68
0,00
0,97
0,89
0,88
1,6
1,5
2,0
1,1
2,9
0,00
0,6
0,5
0,6
0,5
-0,6
0,7
-1,3
0,0
0,0
1,4
0,06
0,04
1,0
1,4
4,8
2,2
19,6
2,2
1,2
1,7
4,2
2,6
18,9
2,7
48
6
42
47
-13
60
-35
-88
-31
-37
-32
-18
132
100
116
131
7
138
0,26
0,90
0,26
0,27
0,20
0,13
4,6
4,1
1,1
-1,3
3,5
0,36
1,4
1,0
1,7
1,2
-1,1
-0,4
-3,2
-2,3
1,1
1,5
0,34
0,70
94
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Western Cape - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates(%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape - City of Cape Town
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates(%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,9
2,6
10,1
3,9
22,7
4,2
2,3
2,4
7,8
4,3
23,1
4,5
1
35
-34
38
-14
52
-52
-27
-78
-15
-33
7
53
97
10
90
5
97
0,98
0,27
0,13
0,16
0,14
0,03
9,7
7,2
-3,3
-7,4
0,9
0,12
2,6
1,9
2,4
2,3
0,8
-1,6
-3,1
-4,9
4,8
1,7
0,67
0,35
1,3
1,8
5,3
2,9
29,1
2,9
1,4
2,3
4,9
3,3
29,8
3,4
48
-29
77
9
1
8
-16
-101
17
-55
-2
-56
112
43
136
73
5
71
0,15
0,43
0,01
0,78
0,46
0,81
5,0
4,9
3,4
0,5
6,4
0,02
1,8
1,3
2,3
1,4
-2,1
0,3
-4,7
-2,0
0,4
2,6
0,10
0,80
95
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Eastern Cape
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,9
2,5
4,6
1,7
9,6
2,0
1,9
1,8
6,0
1,8
6,2
2,3
76
36
40
-34
27
-62
-42
-41
-52
-152
-52
-155
194
112
133
83
106
31
0,21
0,36
0,39
0,57
0,50
0,19
4,3
4,8
1,0
-2,6
4,5
0,60
2,5
1,9
1,8
1,9
0,5
1,4
-1,3
-1,5
2,4
4,2
0,58
0,35
3,0
3,6
6,9
2,0
9,8
2,6
3,2
2,6
10,2
2,1
6,3
2,8
15
20
-5
15
32
-17
-98
-47
-86
-98
-46
-105
128
87
77
128
110
70
0,79
0,56
0,91
0,80
0,42
0,70
6,0
7,9
-0,8
-6,1
4,5
0,77
3,6
3,0
2,6
3,2
0,4
0,1
-2,0
-3,9
2,8
4,1
0,74
0,96
96
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Eastern Cape - Buffalo City
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape - Nelson Mandela
Bay
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,3
6,0
12,5
4,2
56,0
4,1
2,2
4,2
6,2
5,3
48,2
4,5
36
-7
43
-33
-8
-25
16
-32
19
-52
-22
-43
56
18
66
-13
6
-6
0,00
0,61
0,00
0,00
0,25
0,01
13,7
6,2
9,6
3,0
16,1
0,00
6,0
2,3
4,2
2,2
-1,7
6,7
-6,7
2,8
3,4
10,7
0,52
0,00
2,2
3,3
5,3
3,7
3,7
2,1
3,3
9,4
3,9
48,3
3,8
25
23
2
-17
3
-20
-3
-5
-34
-44
0
-46
52
50
39
11
6
6
0,08
0,11
0,91
0,23
0,04
0,14
5,1
8,4
-1,0
-7,2
5,1
0,74
3,3
2,2
3,3
2,1
2,4
2,5
-1,1
-1,0
5,9
5,9
0,18
0,16
.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
97
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Northern Cape
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
4,1
3,2
9,1
4,9
10,2
4,5
3,6
5,2
5,3
4,7
6,8
5,0
18
-14
32
-9
-3
-6
-28
-43
7
-56
-15
-43
65
15
57
38
9
31
0,44
0,36
0,01
0,71
0,66
0,74
5,9
5,5
6,3
2,3
10,2
0,00
3,2
4,1
5,2
3,6
-2,3
1,7
-6,0
-4,4
1,5
7,8
0,24
0,58
1,4
2,7
4,6
2,4
17,5
2,7
1,4
2,7
4,5
2,2
14,0
3,3
-16
-68
52
26
11
15
-60
-124
11
-17
-12
-22
28
-12
92
70
35
52
0,47
0,02
0,01
0,24
0,35
0,42
4,7
4,3
4,9
1,3
8,4
0,01
2,7
1,4
2,7
1,4
-3,8
-1,2
-6,8
-3,5
-0,9
1,1
0,01
0,31
98
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Free State - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State - Mangaung
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,7
3,3
5,4
2,7
15,7
2,9
1,8
2,4
4,5
2,6
17,6
3,6
-29
-36
7
31
14
17
-61
-76
-29
-1
-4
-14
4
4
43
64
32
48
0,09
0,08
0,70
0,06
0,12
0,28
5,4
3,8
2,1
-2,0
6,2
0,32
3,3
1,7
2,4
1,8
-2,7
-2,2
-5,7
-4,7
0,2
0,2
0,07
0,07
2,5
4,8
8,4
4,9
42,4
6,7
2,2
6,9
10,5
4,6
19,4
7,2
13
-32
45
-5
-3
-2
-16
-72
25
-34
-18
-22
42
8
64
24
12
19
0,39
0,12
0,00
0,73
0,67
0,86
9,7
11,1
11,7
5,0
18,3
0,00
4,8
2,5
6,9
2,2
-6,7
1,4
-14,2
-4,0
0,8
6,9
0,08
0,61
99
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
KwaZulu Natal
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu Natal - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,7
1,6
7,6
1,5
6,9
2,1
1,7
1,6
5,3
1,6
8,6
2,8
158
12
147
-57
100
-156
31
-93
60
-184
-5
-325
286
116
233
71
204
12
0,02
0,83
0,00
0,38
0,06
0,07
6,4
4,2
3,4
1,1
5,7
0,00
1,6
1,7
1,6
1,7
-0,4
1,6
-1,9
-0,3
1,2
3,5
0,62
0,09
2,5
2,3
9,0
1,8
8,0
2,7
2,7
2,4
7,8
1,9
9,6
3,5
10
-22
32
67
133
-66
-104
-112
-37
-47
34
-227
125
67
101
182
232
96
0,86
0,63
0,36
0,25
0,01
0,43
7,4
6,1
1,6
-1,4
4,6
0,30
2,3
2,5
2,4
2,7
-1,1
-0,5
-3,1
-3,1
1,0
2,1
0,31
0,70
100
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
KwaZulu Natal - eThekwini
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
North West
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,2
2,0
13,9
2,9
12,1
3,3
2,0
1,9
6,7
3,3
12,7
4,1
148
34
115
-124
-33
-91
90
-22
63
-182
-66
-145
206
90
166
-66
0
-36
0,00
0,24
0,00
0,00
0,05
0,00
12,4
5,6
6,1
2,6
9,7
0,00
2,0
2,2
1,9
2,0
0,9
5,6
-1,4
3,2
3,3
8,1
0,44
0,00
3,1
2,9
8,0
3,3
10,9
3,0
2,2
2,9
7,3
2,4
10,7
3,1
31
-10
41
14
-10
24
-47
-79
-17
-64
-73
-63
109
59
100
92
54
110
0,44
0,77
0,17
0,72
0,77
0,59
6,2
6,6
2,6
-1,4
6,6
0,20
2,9
3,1
2,9
2,2
-1,1
0,3
-3,9
-2,9
1,7
3,5
0,43
0,85
101
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Gauteng
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - Non Metro
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
0,8
1,0
2,5
2,1
11,6
2,1
0,8
1,1
3,2
2,0
11,5
2,0
137
22
115
80
46
35
2
-106
-12
-54
-23
-89
272
150
242
215
114
159
0,05
0,74
0,08
0,24
0,19
0,58
2,2
2,8
1,1
-0,5
2,7
0,18
1,0
0,8
1,1
0,8
-1,0
-0,2
-2,3
-1,6
0,4
1,2
0,16
0,76
2,9
3,7
7,5
5,6
24,7
4,4
3,2
2,8
10,4
6,1
11,4
6,4
8
-39
47
8
-12
20
-60
-97
9
-60
-40
-35
76
19
86
76
16
75
0,81
0,19
0,02
0,82
0,40
0,47
6,8
7,9
5,2
1,5
8,9
0,01
3,7
2,9
2,8
3,2
-3,5
-0,2
-8,0
-5,3
0,9
5,0
0,12
0,94
102
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Gauteng - Ekurhuleni
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng - City of Johannesburg
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,6
2,1
5,4
4,5
25,1
3,9
1,3
2,3
6,3
3,4
20,3
2,8
7
8
-1
38
35
4
-51
-53
-71
-20
-2
-42
65
69
69
97
72
49
0,82
0,80
0,98
0,19
0,06
0,88
4,6
5,7
-0,2
-3,6
3,2
0,92
2,1
1,6
2,3
1,3
-0,6
-1,1
-3,1
-3,4
1,8
1,3
0,62
0,37
1,0
1,6
3,1
3,1
19,3
3,2
1,1
1,2
4,6
3,5
27,7
3,7
60
45
15
36
40
-4
-26
-28
-66
-50
0
-90
146
118
96
122
81
82
0,17
0,23
0,71
0,41
0,05
0,92
3,0
3,8
-0,1
-2,6
2,5
0,97
1,6
1,0
1,2
1,1
-0,2
-0,4
-2,3
-2,8
1,8
2,0
0,83
0,76
103
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Gauteng - City of Tshwane
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Mpumalanga
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
1,8
1,9
6,6
4,2
18,8
5,4
1,8
2,9
8,0
4,4
24,6
4,4
62
8
54
-2
-18
15
7
-48
-8
-57
-47
-42
117
64
115
53
12
73
0,03
0,78
0,09
0,94
0,24
0,60
5,6
7,5
2,3
-1,0
5,6
0,17
1,9
1,8
2,9
1,8
-1,0
0,8
-3,3
-1,5
1,3
3,1
0,40
0,48
1,9
3,1
6,2
2,6
9,3
2,5
2,0
3,1
3,6
2,9
10,9
3,4
69
-36
105
-17
-40
22
-1
-99
51
-88
-88
-54
139
27
160
53
8
99
0,05
0,26
0,00
0,62
0,11
0,56
6,2
3,8
5,2
2,4
8,1
0,00
3,1
1,9
3,1
2,0
-2,1
1,4
-4,3
-1,1
0,2
3,9
0,07
0,27
104
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
P0211
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling Variability for Labour Force Characteristics by Province
Coefficient of Variation
Oct-Dec
2015
Limpopo
Population 15 - 64 yrs
Labour Force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio
(absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
Oct-Dec
2016
Year-onyear
change
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
2,4
2,3
7,2
2,0
9,5
2,2
2,4
2,5
7,7
2,2
7,4
2,3
116
103
13
-56
-105
49
4
10
-37
-168
-191
-32
228
195
63
56
-19
130
0,04
0,03
0,61
0,33
0,02
0,23
5,8
6,7
-0,6
-3,0
1,8
0,64
2,3
2,4
2,5
2,4
2,2
2,4
-0,3
-0,7
4,8
5,5
0,09
0,12
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
105
P0211
Appendix 3.1B: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Industry and Sex
Coefficient of
Year-onVariation
year
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
change
2015
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private household
0,6
4,2
4,8
2,8
11,2
3,3
1,7
3,4
2,0
1,6
2,6
0,6
4,5
8,3
3,1
14,3
3,1
1,9
3,3
2,3
2,0
2,5
51
59
-62
-11
8
44
-58
61
56
-53
5
-188
-44
-147
-145
-28
-83
-216
-27
-87
-236
-83
289
162
23
123
44
171
100
150
199
130
93
0,68
0,26
0,15
0,87
0,66
0,49
0,47
0,17
0,45
0,57
0,91
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private household
0,9
6,5
18,3
4,1
20,6
7,8
2,2
7,4
2,7
1,8
2,7
1,0
6,8
15,8
4,4
20,9
9,2
2,6
7,2
3,6
2,4
2,9
36
17
-5
-22
1
35
-10
24
24
-3
-29
-139
-32
-41
-85
-14
-3
-110
-15
-59
-132
-106
211
67
31
42
16
74
89
64
108
127
49
0,69
0,49
0,78
0,50
0,89
0,07
0,84
0,22
0,56
0,97
0,47
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private household
0,7
4,7
4,1
3,3
12,3
3,6
2,4
3,8
2,9
2,6
6,6
0,7
4,8
8,0
3,5
14,9
3,2
2,4
3,6
2,8
2,8
5,4
15
42
-57
11
7
9
-48
37
31
-50
34
-149
-35
-120
-99
-23
-113
-153
-41
-75
-150
-9
178
119
6
120
37
132
58
115
137
50
76
0,86
0,29
0,08
0,85
0,65
0,89
0,37
0,35
0,56
0,32
0,12
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
106
P0211
Table 3.4B: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Year-onVariation
year
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
change
2015
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
South Africa
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
0,6
0,9
2,2
4,2
2,6
0,6
0,9
2,0
4,5
2,5
51
-24
11
59
5
-188
-275
-129
-44
-83
289
226
151
162
93
0,68
0,85
0,88
0,26
0,91
Western Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,4
2,3
7,0
11,8
7,0
1,7
2,8
7,5
6,9
7,8
6
-17
-20
36
7
-88
-122
-73
-27
-23
100
87
34
100
36
0,90
0,74
0,47
0,26
0,65
Western Cape - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,6
6,5
16,0
12,8
11,9
2,4
5,6
13,5
7,1
15,5
35
7
-11
43
-4
-27
-71
-44
-19
-26
97
84
22
105
18
0,27
0,86
0,53
0,18
0,71
Western Cape - City of Cape Town
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,8
2,0
6,7
11,8
7,9
2,3
3,2
9,3
28,6
7,8
-29
-24
-9
-7
11
-101
-94
-51
-14
-9
43
45
32
1
31
0,43
0,49
0,66
0,10
0,27
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,5
3,9
5,6
9,2
7,2
1,8
2,6
5,0
10,6
8,3
36
13
54
-1
-30
-41
-60
5
-28
-52
112
87
102
26
-9
0,36
0,72
0,03
0,94
0,01
Eastern Cape - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,6
6,9
6,7
8,9
10,5
2,6
4,4
5,5
11,4
11,9
20
13
23
-6
-10
-47
-51
-18
-32
-28
87
77
64
21
8
0,56
0,70
0,27
0,68
0,28
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
107
P0211
Table 3.4B: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Year-onVariation
year
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
change
2015
2016
Eastern Cape - Buffalo City
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
6,0
6,4
12,8
70,7
17,5
4,2
4,1
13,5
79,1
6,7
-7
-15
19
0
-10
-32
-39
4
-2
-20
18
8
33
2
0
0,61
0,20
0,01
0,73
0,05
3,3
4,6
14,1
111,6
10,3
3,3
4,0
16,9
26,2
18,1
23
16
12
5
-11
-5
-11
-9
2
-18
50
43
34
8
-3
0,11
0,24
0,26
0,00
0,01
Northern Cape
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,2
2,6
18,3
8,3
11,3
5,2
7,6
8,7
36,0
17,2
-14
-14
-5
9
-3
-43
-35
-18
-26
-10
15
6
8
44
3
0,36
0,18
0,44
0,61
0,32
Free State
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,7
4,3
7,5
10,6
8,8
2,7
3,7
8,7
8,0
8,8
-68
-64
-1
1
-4
-124
-120
-33
-15
-21
-12
-7
31
17
13
0,02
0,03
0,96
0,92
0,64
Free State - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,3
5,1
10,3
10,5
9,9
2,4
5,0
11,7
8,0
10,2
-36
-37
-3
2
1
-76
-80
-28
-14
-16
4
7
23
19
17
0,08
0,10
0,84
0,76
0,92
Free State - Mangaung
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
4,8
7,7
10,0
77,7
18,4
6,9
4,7
12,9
99,2
16,8
-32
-27
2
-2
-5
-72
-64
-18
-4
-10
8
10
21
1
0
0,12
0,15
0,86
0,15
0,05
Eastern Cape - Nelson Mandela Bay
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
108
P0211
Table 3.4B: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Year-onVariation
year
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
change
2015
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
KwaZulu Natal
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,6
2,5
6,4
10,7
6,7
1,6
2,1
5,4
12,1
5,9
12
2
-37
5
41
-93
-115
-98
-30
2
116
120
25
40
79
0,83
0,97
0,25
0,77
0,04
KwaZulu Natal - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,3
4,0
7,4
10,9
10,7
2,4
3,2
6,9
12,4
9,4
-22
-15
-33
7
20
-112
-108
-86
-27
-9
67
78
20
41
48
0,63
0,75
0,22
0,70
0,18
KwaZulu Natal - eThekwini
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,0
3,2
12,0
51,9
7,9
1,9
2,6
8,8
42,7
7,2
34
18
-3
-1
21
-22
-56
-35
-10
-5
90
91
29
7
47
0,24
0,64
0,84
0,74
0,11
North West
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,9
3,5
10,3
18,0
8,5
2,9
3,3
9,5
15,7
11,1
-10
-35
23
-2
4
-79
-91
-14
-21
-18
59
21
59
16
27
0,77
0,22
0,22
0,82
0,70
Gauteng
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,0
1,3
4,1
24,0
4,6
1,1
1,4
3,4
14,5
4,9
22
56
-14
1
-22
-106
-73
-81
-15
-74
150
186
52
18
31
0,74
0,39
0,68
0,87
0,42
Gauteng - Non Metro
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,7
5,3
16,5
34,2
16,2
2,8
4,3
11,6
15,2
13,5
-39
-30
-5
-4
-1
-97
-83
-36
-13
-16
19
22
26
6
15
0,19
0,26
0,77
0,46
0,95
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
109
P0211
Table 3.4B: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Province and Sector
Coefficient of
Year-onVariation
year
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
change
2015
2016
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-Value
Gauteng - Ekurhuleni
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,1
3,1
6,7
69,3
7,9
2,3
2,7
6,2
41,4
11,0
8
8
5
1
-7
-53
-52
-29
-11
-32
69
69
40
12
19
0,80
0,79
0,75
0,92
0,61
Gauteng - City of Johannesburg
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,6
2,1
6,4
58,5
7,3
1,2
2,0
4,3
49,0
9,9
45
58
3
2
-18
-28
-15
-39
-4
-54
118
131
44
9
18
0,23
0,12
0,90
0,46
0,32
Gauteng - City of Tshwane
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,9
1,8
7,5
11,8
9,6
2,9
3,6
10,3
25,6
6,2
8
20
-18
2
3
-48
-47
-43
-3
-22
64
88
8
7
29
0,78
0,55
0,17
0,47
0,79
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,1
4,6
6,3
11,2
9,8
3,1
3,3
9,4
13,8
9,4
-36
-43
9
-4
3
-99
-119
-40
-26
-18
27
33
58
17
24
0,26
0,27
0,73
0,69
0,79
Limpopo
Formal sector (Non-agricultural)
Informal sector (Non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,3
3,2
6,2
6,2
11,7
2,5
4,2
5,5
14,6
8,3
103
77
2
14
10
10
-1
-41
-33
-21
195
154
46
61
41
0,03
0,05
0,92
0,57
0,53
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016
STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA
110
P0211
Appendix 3.5B: Sampling Variability for the Employed by Sex and Occupation
Coefficient of
Year-onVariation
Lower
year
95%
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
change
2015
2016
Upper
95%
P-Value
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,6
3,5
4,2
2,6
2,5
2,0
9,5
2,4
2,8
1,7
2,8
0,6
2,9
4,2
3,1
2,5
2,2
12,5
2,3
2,9
1,8
3,0
51
106
120
24
-27
-45
-36
-12
40
-84
-36
-188
-18
30
-89
-146
-192
-61
-135
-60
-253
-113
289
229
211
137
91
102
-11
111
141
85
41
0,68
0,09
0,01
0,68
0,65
0,55
0,00
0,85
0,43
0,33
0,36
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,9
5,7
5,3
3,2
2,9
2,8
16,6
7,0
8,1
2,3
2,8
1,0
5,5
5,0
4,1
3,1
2,9
27,6
7,5
9,1
2,5
3,0
36
39
49
-17
-56
23
-16
15
10
15
-27
-139
-25
-9
-104
-161
-68
-28
-25
-27
-81
-101
211
104
107
71
49
114
-5
54
47
111
48
0,69
0,23
0,10
0,71
0,30
0,62
0,01
0,47
0,60
0,76
0,49
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,7
3,6
5,4
4,1
4,5
2,7
10,8
2,5
2,9
2,3
16,5
0,7
2,9
5,7
4,1
4,4
2,8
12,7
2,3
3,1
2,3
20,2
15
66
71
41
29
-68
-20
-26
31
-99
-9
-149
-20
10
-26
-28
-170
-41
-143
-60
-235
-23
178
153
132
107
86
33
2
90
121
36
5
0,86
0,13
0,02
0,23
0,32
0,19
0,08
0,66
0,51
0,15
0,19
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2016