Honors Biology
Ch. 9 Vocabulary
PowerPoint
1. calorie
Google.com
The energy needed to
raise the temperature
of 1 gram of water
through 1 °C (now
usually defined as
4.1868 joules).
Dictionary.com
A unit of heat, equal to
4.1868 joules; defined
as the quantity of heat
required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram
of water by 1°C under
standard conditions
2. Glycolysis
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The breakdown of
glucose by enzymes,
releasing energy and
pyruvic acid
Dictionary.com
The catabolism of
carbohydrates, as
glucose and glycogen,
by enzymes, with the
release of energy and
the production of
lactic or pyruvic acid.
3. Cellular respiration
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What cells do to break
up sugars into a form
that the cell can use as
energy. This happens
in all forms of life.
Dictionary.com
The oxidation of
organic compounds
that occurs within
cells, producing
energy for cellular
processes.
4. NAD+
Google.com
Dictionary.com
A coenzyme that
is a hydrogen
carrier in
metabolic
reactions
5. Fermentation
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The chemical breakdown
of a substance by
bacteria, yeasts, or other
microorganisms,
typically involving
effervescence and the
giving off of heat.
Dictionary.com
A chemical reaction in
which a ferment causes
an organic molecule to
split into simpler
substances, esp the
anaerobic conversion of
sugar to ethyl alcohol by
yeast
6. Anaerobic
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Dictionary.com
Relating to, involving, or 1. (of an organism or
requiring an absence of tissue) living in the
free oxygen
absence of air or free
oxygen.
2. pertaining to or
caused by the absence of
oxygen.
7. Aerobic
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Dictionary.com
Relating to, involving, 1. (of an organism or
or requiring free
tissue) requiring the
oxygen.
presence of air or free
oxygen for life.
2. pertaining to or
caused by the
presence of oxygen.
8. Krebs cycle
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Dictionary.com
The sequence of reactions by
which most living cells
generate energy during the
process of aerobic
respiration. It takes place in
the mitochondria,
consuming oxygen,
producing carbon dioxide
and water as waste products,
and converting ADP to
energy-rich ATP.
A cycle of enzyme-catalyzed
reactions in living cells that
is the final series of reactions
of aerobic metabolism of
carbohydrates, proteins, and
fatty acids, and by which
carbon dioxide is produced,
oxygen is reduced, and ATP
is formed.
9. Electron Transport Chain
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A series of compounds that
transfer
electrons from electron
donors to electron acceptors
via redox reactions, and
couples this electron
transfer with the transfer of
protons (H+ ions) across a
membrane.
Dictionary.com