Business and Personal Finance Unit 1 Chapter 2 © 2007 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
What You’ll Learn
 Section 2.1
• Identify the personal issues to consider when
choosing and planning your career.
• Explain how education and training affect career
advancement.
• Discuss the factors that influence employment.
 Section 2.2
• Describe effective strategies to obtain employment.
• Identify sources of career opportunities.
• Identify the financial and legal issues to consider
when looking for employment.
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Planning for Life
• Q: Career plans are for people who do not know what they
want. I know already that I want a high-paying job. So why
should I bother thinking about career planning?
• A: Money is just one motivation for work. You need to
consider many other factors as well. Career planning
considers your personal values, goals, and interests, the
basics for any career decision. Since you will probably spend
the majority of your life working, consider the old adage:
“Choose a career you love, and the money will follow.”
Go to finance07.glencoe.com to complete the Standard &
Poor’s Financial Focus activity.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
Main Idea
Why will choosing
the right career
help you find both
personal
satisfaction and
financial security?
Choosing and planning for the right career will
help you find fulfillment both personally and
financially.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
job
work that you do
mainly to earn
money
career
a commitment to
work in a field
that you find
interesting and
fulfilling
Choosing a Career
Some people find true satisfaction in their work,
while others work just to make money.
You can choose whether to:
 Get a job just to earn money.
 Prepare for a career.
Ensuring that your career will fulfill your
personal and financial goals requires planning.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
Career Decision Trade-Offs
Your choice of career will affect:
 The amount of money you make
 The people you meet
 How much spare time you have
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
standard of
living
a measure of
quality of life
based on the
amounts and
kinds of goods
and services a
person can buy
Choosing a Career
People make career decisions based on
whether they want to:
 Simply maintain a standard of living
 Pay for the hobbies and activities they
enjoy
 Pursue careers that provide them with
both money and personal fulfillment
 Select careers that reflect their interests,
values, and goals
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
trends
developments
that mark
changes in a
particular area
Opportunity Costs
Choosing a career will involve trade-offs, or
opportunity costs.
Recent trends indicate that some people are
making career decisions that allow them to:
 Spend more time with their families
 Enjoy their hobbies and interests
 Run their own business
The more you know about your own interests,
values, needs, and goals, the better you will be
able to choose a career that will provide a
balance between personal satisfaction and
financial rewards.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
potential
earning power
the amount of
money you may
earn over time
Career Training and Skill Development
Acquiring more education will help you to:
 Increase your potential earning power.
 Meet your financial goals.
 Increase your chances for success.
Your field of study will also affect your salary.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
Checklist for Success
You will be an asset to any employer if you:
 Work well with others
 Strive to do your best
 Are creative when solving problems
 Communicate well
 Understand yourself and other people
These basic qualities and skills make success
more likely in most job situations.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
aptitudes
the natural
abilities that
people possess
interest
inventories
tests that help
you identify the
activities you
enjoy the most
Personal Factors
You can take special tests to learn more about
your:
 Abilities
 Interests
 Personal qualities
These tests—called aptitude tests and interest
inventories—may give you an edge in choosing
a career.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
Stages of Career Planning
Before you make any decisions about your
career, you should review your situation.
Your progress will depend on:
 Your opportunity costs
 The choices that are available to you
 Your career area
Talking to people in your field of interest can
help you with your career planning.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
External Factors and Opportunities
Before you begin your job search, you should
take into consideration:
 Social influences
 Economic factors
 Trends
These factors directly affect the job market and
the opportunities that are available to you.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
External Influences on Your Career
When you consider your career options, you
need to focus on:
 Your skills
 Your training
 Your experience
 Social influences
 Economic conditions
 Industry trends
You may have no control over the “big picture”
factors, but you can make some personal
decisions based on real-world influences.
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
demographic
trends
tendencies of
people grouped by
age, gender,
ethnicity, education,
or income that
change over time
Social Influences
Demographic trends can affect your
employment opportunities. Some examples of
demographic trends that have affected the job
market are:
 More working parents
 More leisure time
 More elderly people in the overall
population
 Greater demand for ongoing employment
training
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
geographic
trends
tendencies of
people moving
from one area
of the country
to another as
financial
centers shift
location
Geographic Trends
Geographic location also influences earning
level. In recent years, geographic trends have
indicated that some of the fastest-growing job
markets are in:
 Houston
 Austin
 Dallas
 Raleigh
 Seattle
Remember to consider differences in earning
levels and costs of living as you decide where to
look for employment.
Source: www.forbes.com
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
Economic Factors
Since the job market changes as the economy
does, the demand for certain types of jobs
changes.
Some economic factors that can reduce career
opportunities are:
 High interest rates
 Price increases
 Decreased demand for certain goods and
services
Being aware of current economic trends will
help you to choose a career so that you can
achieve your financial goals.
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Career Center
At your school’s career center, you will find a variety of free
information that can help you with college choices, résumé
preparation, job opportunities, and career counseling.
How can researching different careers that interest you help your
financial planning for the future?
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Section 2.1
Planning Your Career
service
industries
businesses that
provide services
for a fee, offer
employment
potential in
coming years
Trends in Industry and Technology
Changes in industry and technology also affect the
job market.
While opportunities have dwindled in some areas of
the economy, such as manufacturing, opportunities
in other areas—such as service industries—have
grown. Some examples of service industries
include:
 Computer or telecommunications technology
 Health care
 Social services
 Hospitality services
 Management
 Education
 Financial services
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Main Idea
What are some
strategies you
think might be
effective in
obtaining
employment
experience?
Learn effective strategies to help you get the job or
career that meets your personal and financial goals.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Employment Search Strategies
As you take steps to search for a job, your level
of success will depend upon:
 How well you communicate the value of
the experience you already have
 How effectively you use proven
employment strategies
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Obtaining Employment Experience
As you enter the world of work, you may worry
that you do not have enough experience.
You may be overlooking the importance of
various kinds of work-related training, including:
 Part-time work
 Volunteer work
 Internships and cooperative education
 Class projects or after-school activities
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Types of Work-Related Training
When you volunteer with places such as nonprofit
community organizations and government agencies,
you can:
 Learn new skills
 Develop good work habits
 Make professional contacts
Working as a “temp” is a good way to gain experience
and learn more about a particular field.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
internship
a position in which
a person receives
training by working
with people who are
experienced in a
particular field
cooperative
education
programs that allow
students to
enhance classroom
learning with parttime work related to
their majors and
interests
Internships and Cooperative Education
An internship may:
 Give you the experience you need to
obtain employment
 Lead to permanent employment
 Allow you a chance to practice your
application and interviewing skills
Cooperative education programs are another
way to apply the workplace skills you learn in
class to an actual business environment.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Class Projects or After-School Activities
Class assignments and school activities can be
sources of work-related experience. They can
help you gain valuable career skills such as:
 Managing, organizing, and coordinating
people
 Public speaking
 Goal setting, planning, and supervising
 Financial planning and budgeting
 Conducting research
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Career Information Sources
You need up-to-date information to make the
best career decisions. Many sources of
information are available to you, including:
 Mass media
 The Internet
 School guidance offices
 Community organizations
 Professional organizations
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Contacts
Contacts are another good source of advice and
information as you prepare for a career. Your
contacts are your:
 Family
 Friends
 Coworkers
 Teachers
 Professors
 Former employers
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
networking
a way of making
and using
contacts to get
job information
and advice
informational
interview
a meeting with
someone who
works in your
area of interest
who can provide
you with practical
information about
the career or
company you are
considering
Networking
Even people whom you do not know can assist
you in a job search. That is why it is never too
late to begin networking.
Your contacts may:
 Know someone who can hire you
 Be able to arrange an informational
interview
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Identifying Job Opportunities
If you are going to find employment that is right
for you, you need to know where to look for job
openings. Explore sources such as:
 Job advertisements
 Job fairs
 Employment agencies
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Job Advertisements
All newspapers have classified ads that include
job listings; some list both local jobs and those
from a wide geographic area.
You can also use the Internet as a valuable
source for job opportunities. On the Internet, you
can:
 Use a search engine to find a company’s
Web site and learn more about it
 Find a company’s list of current job
openings
 Use job-search Web sites with job
advertisements, advice, and résumé
services
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Job Fairs
At a job fair, recruiters from local and national
companies set up tables or booths where you
can:
 Discuss job opportunities
 Submit your résumé
To make the most of a job fair, be prepared to
make your best impression on several recruiters
in a short amount of time. They may call you in
for an in-depth interview at a later date.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Employment Agencies
Employment agencies are businesses that
match job hunters with employers. The
employment agency fee may be paid by:
 The company that hires you
 You
 You and your new employer
Do not get involved with agencies that ask you
to pay a fee without promising you a job in
return.
To find out more about employment agencies,
contact your state’s employment service or
department of labor.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Other Ways to Find a Job
Your ability to find a job is limited only by your
imagination and energy. Other ways to find a job
include:
 Visiting specific companies where you
would like to work
 Calling local businesses in your field of
interest
 Talking to people with similar interests
who have already graduated from your
school
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
résumé
a one- or twopage summary
of your
education,
training,
experience, and
qualifications
Applying for a Job
Making the best possible presentation of your
skills and experience is the key to landing a job.
Your résumé is your most important tool. The
two basic types of résumés are the:
 Chronological résumé
 Skills résumé
Your résumé provides prospective employers
with an overview of the special contribution you
may be able to make to their companies.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
cover letter
the personal letter
that you present
along with your
résumé
Cover Letters
You will want to include a cover letter with your
résumé when you send it to an employer by:
 Regular mail
 E-mail
 Fax
The cover letter tells a potential employer why
you are interested in a particular job and why
you think that it would be worthwhile for him or
her to interview you.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
interview
a formal
meeting with
your potential
employer that
allows you to
express why
you think you
are the best
person for the
job
Preparing for the Interview
If you are granted an interview, you should
obtain as much information as you can about
the company or industry before your interview.
Possible resources include:
 The library
 The Internet
 Informal interviews with people who are
familiar with that company or industry
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
The Interview
Here are some typical questions an employer
might ask:
 What education and training qualify you
for this job?
 Why are you interested in working for this
company?
 Other than past jobs, what experiences
have helped prepare you for this job?
 What are your major strengths? Major
weaknesses?
After the interview, send your interviewer a note
reiterating your interest and expressing your
thanks for the opportunity to interview.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Considering a Job Offer
Before you accept an offer, you have to
consider several factors. Find out all you can
about:
 The company
 The job itself
 The working environment
 The salary
 Any other benefits
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
The Work Environment
As you go on interviews, you will notice
differences in workplaces.
Ask about official company policies:
 How does the company handle pay
increases?
 How does it measure the quality of
employees’ work?
 How does it decide which employees to
promote?
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Factors Affecting Salary
Your beginning salary will depend on:
 Your education and experience
 The size of the company
 The average salary for the job you are
considering
To make sure that you are starting with a fair
salary, talk to people with similar jobs at other
companies or look for related information on the
Internet.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Raises and Promotions
Raises and promotions are a direct result of how
well you do your job. Once you have accepted a
job offer and started to work:
 Meet regularly with your supervisor
 Ask for feedback on your performance
and any suggestions for improvement
 Let your supervisor know that you are
interested in increased responsibility
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Measuring Employee Benefits
You should also evaluate the types of benefits
the company offers besides a paycheck and pay
particular attention to:
 Health care
 Retirement benefits
 The specific needs of your family
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
cafeteria-style
employee
benefits
programs that
allow workers to
choose the
benefits that
best meet their
personal needs
Meeting Employee Needs
Changes in society have brought about changes
in the types of benefits that employees receive.
Some of these changes include:
 Cafeteria-style employee benefits
 Social Security benefits
 Pension plans
pension plan
a retirement plan
that is funded at
least in part by
an employer
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Comparing Benefits
You can compare the dollar value of employee
benefits in several ways. These ways include
finding:
 The market value
 Whether the benefits are tax-exempt or
tax-deferred
A 401(k) plan is an example of a tax-deferred
benefit.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Your Rights as an Employee
As an employee, you have certain legal rights; you also
have certain legal rights during the hiring process:
 An employer cannot refuse to hire a woman or
terminate her employment because she is
pregnant.
 An employer cannot discriminate against a person
for any reason related to age, race, color, religion,
gender, marital status, national origin, or any mental
or physical disabilities. In the state of
Massachusetts, add gender orientation to this list.
 An employer must pay for unemployment
insurance, contribute to Social Security, and
provide for workers’ compensation funds in case of
a work-related injury or illness.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Long-Term Career Development
A job is for today, but a career can last a
lifetime. As you enter the world of work, ask
yourself:
 Will you always enjoy the work that you
do today?
 Will you be successful in the career you
select?
You cannot predict the future, but you can
develop skills and attitudes that will increase
your chances of being satisfied with your work in
years to come.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Guidelines for Career Success
Here are some basic guidelines to follow for
career success:
 Make a point of improving your
communication skills—both written and
oral.
 Do your best to get along with your
coworkers.
 Remain flexible and open to new ideas.
 Develop good work habits.
 Be creative in solving your own problems.
 Be willing to learn new techniques and
technologies.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Training Opportunities
A key to your ongoing success will be your
ability to keep up with changes in technology
and to adapt to the global economy.
Take advantage of your company’s:
 Regular training programs
 Professional seminars
 Help with payment for college courses
You should also continue to read and learn as
much as you can on your own.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Career Paths and Advancement
As time goes by, you will experience changes in
your personal interests, values, and goals.
Outside factors, such as economic conditions
and social trends, will also influence:
 Your career choices
 Other financial decisions that you make
You will probably go through a series of career
stages and experience specific tasks and
concerns with each one.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
mentor
an experienced
employee who
serves as a teacher
and counselor for a
less-experienced
person
Mentors
One way to make sure that your career
develops in the right direction is to gain support
from a mentor.
A mentor can:
 Give you one-on-one training
 Help you to meet other knowledgeable
people
 Provide you with emotional support
during difficult times at work
Some of the best mentors are retired people
who are eager to share a lifetime of knowledge
and experience.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
Changing Careers
Most workers change jobs several times over
the course of their lives. The following are some
signs that it may be time to move on:
 You feel bored or depressed at work.
 Your job adversely affects you physically
or emotionally.
 You receive a series of poor performance
evaluations.
 You have little opportunity to obtain a
raise or promotion.
 You have a poor relationship with your
supervisor or coworkers.
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Section 2.2
Employment and Career Development
The Time Between Jobs
Being out of work can cause emotional and
financial stress. While you are looking for a job:
 Continue to eat, sleep, and exercise as
usual.
 Stay involved in family and community
activities.
 Improve your skills through personal
study, classes, or volunteer work.
 Think about opportunities with nonprofit
or government organizations.
Whether looking for a new job or your first job,
always consider how the financial and personal
costs and benefits of your career choice will
affect your needs and goals.
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
Key Term Review










job
career
standard of living
trends
potential earning power
aptitudes
interest inventories
demographic trends
geographic trends
service industries










internship
cooperative education
networking
informational interview
résumé
cover letter
interview
cafeteria-style employee benefits
pension plan
mentor
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
Reviewing Key Concepts
1.
List some of the personal issues you will need to consider
when planning your career.
Personal issues to consider when choosing a career include your:

Aptitudes

Interests

Personality

Current financial situation
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
Reviewing Key Concepts
2.
Describe factors that affect your potential earning power.
Your potential earning power will be influenced by:

Your level of education and training

The field of study you select
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
Reviewing Key Concepts
3.
Explain how current demographic trends might influence
your choice of career.
Demographic trends can affect your employment opportunities
Some examples of demographic trends that have affected the job
market are:

More working parents

More leisure time

More elderly people in the overall population

Greater demand for ongoing employment training
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
Reviewing Key Concepts
4.
List some ways you might obtain job-related experience.
You can gain experience through:

Part-time work

Volunteer work

Internships

Cooperative education

Class projects
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
Reviewing Key Concepts
5.
Identify sources of information to find out more about the
career in which you are interested.
To evaluate career opportunities, use sources such as:

The Internet

Libraries

Newspapers

School guidance offices

Community organizations

Networking with people working in the field you
choose
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Chapter 2
Finances and Career Planning
Reviewing Key Concepts
6.
Explain your rights as an employee.
As an employee, you have certain legal rights; you also have
certain legal rights during the hiring process:

An employer cannot refuse to hire a woman or
terminate her employment because she is pregnant.

An employer cannot discriminate against a person for
any reason related to age, race, color, religion,
gender, marital status, national origin, or any mental or
physical disabilities.

An employer must pay for unemployment insurance,
contribute to Social Security, and provide for workers’
compensation funds in case of a work-related injury or
illness.
Business and Personal Finance Unit 1 Chapter 2 © 2007 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
59
Newsclip: Career Edge
Students who develop strong job-search skills have a career
advantage. They develop clear career direction. They also
communicate and promote their competitive edge to employers.
Log On Go to finance07.glencoe.com and open Chapter 2.
Learn more about career strategies. Write a paragraph about how
you can boost your chances of getting hired.
Business and Personal Finance Unit 1 Chapter 2 © 2007 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
60