LONDON FLOOR REVIEW A floor-by-floor analysis of the London office market Q4 2016 QUARTERLY SUMMARY • • • • • • • Strong end to 2016 as take-up rises 18% in Q4 Media & tech firms the most acquisitive occupier sector of the quarter Take-up in the East jumps 50% in Q4 9.4 million sq ft let during 2016, a 12% drop on 2015 Development supply pushes availability up 5% across London in Q4, but rate remains low at 5.1% ‘Tenant space’ accounts for 20% of all availability in London 22% rise in space under offer as lease negotiations remain protracted FOURTH QUARTER REVIEW Q on Q Y on Y Take-up 2.5m sq ft taken-up during Q4, over 449 floors YTD 9.4m sq ft/1,895 floors +18% by sq ft +8% by floors +10% by sq ft +6% by floors Under Offer +22% by sq ft +34% by floors +4% by sq ft +24% by floors Supply 9.7m sq ft available across 1,727 floors +5% by sq ft +3% by floors +100% by sq ft +96% by floors West £110 per sq ft Mayfair/St James’s prime rent £120 per sq ft £125 per sq ft East £70 per sq ft £68.00 per sq ft 2016 was horribly unpredictable: an everchanging political and economic environment causing businesses to assess every move. Yet even with that backdrop, and a potentially more complicated foreground, we are still seeing occupier activity and a continued attraction to London. Deals are softer, but take-up continues. Stephen Peers, Partner • Availability rate remains low at 5.1%, but the volume of available space has doubled over the last 12 months • New developments have increased the quality of choice on offer to occupiers • 20% of all availability is ‘tenant space’ • Prime headline rents in most expensive sub-markets fall further in Q4 • Net effective rents fall across most markets as incentives move out • Super-prime space still attracts premiums but demand softens • Prime rental levels maintained in the East • Net effective rents fall as incentives move out £70 per sq ft City prime rent • EC2 the most active sub-market • Several occupiers make large commitments to London in Q4 • Media & tech companies the most dominant occupier sector, with 31% of Q4 demand • Under offers increase in every sub-market in the West • More than 1 million sq ft under offer in the East • But, more protracted lease negotiations 1.8m sq ft under offer at the end of Q4, within 423 floors Comment LONDON OFFICE DEMAND Quarterly take-up Source: Gerald Eve 3.5 Q4 2016 London take-up by tenant sector Source: Gerald Eve Million sq ft 4% 7% Serviced Offices 3.0 Associations 2% 2.5 Retail 2.0 18% 6% Corporate Profesional Services 1.5 27% Finance & Banking 1.0 0.5 31% 5% Media & Technology Q4 2016 Q3 2016 Q2 2016 Q1 2016 West Q4 2015 Q2 2015 East Q3 2015 Q1 2015 Q4 2014 Q3 2014 Q2 2014 0.0 Insurance 3 year average City lettings drive fourth quarter increase Overall occupier take-up of London offices finished the year on a high and posted an 18% increase during Q4. Despite press headlines of potential large scale relocations in the City finance and banking sector, and, an increase in the number of contingency relocation plans being drawn up, take-up increased by 50% in the East. Fidelity, Barings and Nikkei (the parent company of the Financial Times) each committed to taking over 100,000 sq ft of office space in EC4 in Q4. Such high levels of commitment are illustrative of the continued attraction of London as a business destination. On an annual basis, the overall volume of space transacted fell by 12% on 2015. There was very little difference between occupational performance in the first and second half of 2016, which is positive considering the political and uncertain economic climate in the second half of the year. However, 2016 was a challenging year for both landlords and tenants as the climate of uncertainty in the market was transposed into actual location decisions and agreements on terms. New and old media drive take-up Media & technology occupiers were the most acquisitive during Q4, accounting for 31% of all demand. Traditional media organisations were key during Q4, as companies such as Nikkei (Financial Times) took 185,240 sq ft over 10 floors at Bracken House on Cannon Street and The Economist Group took around 27,000 sq ft on the 6th floor at the Adelphi Building in Covent Garden. However, ’new’ media were just as important as Deliveroo, NeuLion, Brain Labs Digital, Trailstone and Jagex also took space. Media and technology industry behemoths such as Apple, Google and Snapchat have also recently confirmed their commitment to London. Key occupier deals – Q4 2016 185,240 sq ft EC4 48,000 sq ft Victoria 104,981 sq ft EC4 41,234 sq ft King’s Cross & Euston 57,878 sq ft EC1 57,000 sq ft Covent Garden 51,500 sq ft EC4 31,444 sq ft EC3 31,356 sq ft EC4 30,569 sq ft EC2 28,635 sq ft EC2 26,801 sq ft Covent Garden 25,396 sq ft Victoria 23,956 sq ft EC1 Q4 2016 AVAILABILITY WEST Here we detail our findings on the supply of floors by each submarket, indicating the number of available floors for each size category as well as their respective quality. This includes space under construction which is due to be delivered to the market within 6 months. Supply 4.0 million sq ft / 833 floors +2% on Q3 Availability Rate 4.4% stable with Q3 17% Tenant space Marylebone Euston Square Warren Street 54,055 sq ft S Great Portland Street 130,379 sq ft Marylebone M Baker Street Regents Park 70,391 sq ft L Goodge Street 62,021 sq ft XL Floors Marylebone 0 50 100 150 This is one of the most restricted markets in terms of availability, with a rate of 2.9% and with 31% also has proportionately the most ‘tenant space’ on the market. Take-up of large floors during Q4 further eroded the supply. Availability Rate 2.8% Soho Availability Oxford CircusRate 5.3% Bond Street Marble Arch Mayfair & St James’s 174,807 sq ft Mayfair & St James’s S 364,910 sq ft Availability Rate 5.9% M 246,774 sq ft Green Park L 337,698 sq ft XL Floors 0 50 100 150 The volume of available space rose again by 21% in this sub-market at the end of Q4. This was evident across all floorplate sizes and nudged the availability rate up to 5.9%. Despite a strong volume of space under offer, demand for the most expensive prime space in these sub-markets have softened. Victoria 10,115 sq ft S 48,676 sq ft Victoria M 95,074 sq ft L 591,398 sq ft Victoria XL Floors Availability Rate 6.3% 0 50 100 150 Whilst the volume of availability showed little quarterly movement at the end of Q4, the supply of large floorplates makes it the market with the highest availability rate of all sub-markets at 6.3%. Even though we have seen occupier commitment from the likes of Land Securities, Edelman and PSP Investments, there are still several large good quality floors available in Victoria. www.geraldeve.com King’s Cross & Euston 17,450 sq ft S 106,296 sq ft M 42,542 sq ft King’s Cross & Euston L Availability Rate 3.2% XL 109,106 sq ft Floors 0 50 100 150 Whilst the overall volume of available space on the market rose by 8%, the availability rate remains a very low 3.2%. There is an above average quality of space on offer as 55% by volume of space is either new or refurbished and 36% of the space is either sub-let or assigned. King’s Cross St Pancras Euston Fitzrovia & Bloomsbury 105,260 sq ft Fitzrovia & Bloomsbury S Availability Rate 4.6% M 229,896 sq ft Russell Square 129,615 sq ft L 357,505 sq ft XL Floors Tottenham Court Road 0 50 100 150 Availability fell across all floorplate sizes during Q4 and the corresponding availability rate fell to 4.6%. Tenant space is not currently a large amount of the market, with only 12% of available space offered via sub-let or assignment. Covent Garden Availability Rate 2.8% Covent Garden Leicester Square Soho Temple 27,855 sq ft S Piccadilly Circus 69,418 sq ft Charing Cross M 49,117 sq ft Embankment L 181,266 sq ft XL Floors Floorplate Sizes Small (S) Medium (M) Large (L) Extra Large (XL) 500 sq ft to 2,000 sq ft 2,001 sq ft to 6,000 sq ft 50 100 150 The addition to supply of the LSQ London building on Leicester Square and 30 Broadwick Street from the development pipeline has added a number of large floors to the market, but overall availability fell by 2%. With an availability rate of 5.3%, supply remains significantly below trend. 6,001 sq ft to 10,000 sq ft 10,001 sq ft + Covent Garden Type New Refurbished Unrefurbished Source: Gerald Eve Current letting policies may dictate some floors are not available in isolation Pimlico 0 27,996 sq ft S 56,176 sq ft M 94,890 sq ft L 198,508 sq ft XL Floors 0 50 100 150 Availability fell by 18% in this sub-market at the end of Q4, which reduced the overall availability rate to the lowest of all markets in the West at 2.8%. There are very few opportunities for occupiers requiring new or refurbished buildings in this sub-market. 5 SUPPLY AND DEMAND WEST Availability by sub-market Source: Gerald Eve 4.5 Under offers by sub-market Source: Gerald Eve Million sq ft 1.2 Million sq ft 4.0 1.0 3.5 0.8 3.0 2.5 0.6 2.0 0.4 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.5 Kings Cross and Euston Mayfair & St James Victoria Soho Marylebone Fitzrovia/Bloomsbury Covent Garden Q4 16 Q3 16 Q2 16 Q1 16 Q4 15 Q3 15 Q2 15 Q1 15 Q4 14 Q3 14 Q4 16 Q3 16 Q2 16 Q1 16 Q4 15 Q3 15 Q2 15 Q1 15 Q4 14 Q3 14 Q2 14 Q2 14 Q2 14 0 0.0 Kings Cross and Euston Mayfair & St James Victoria Soho Marylebone Fitzrovia/Bloomsbury Covent Garden Availability rates remain unchanged in Q4 The volume of availability increased marginally in Q4, although average availability rates remained constant at 4.4%. In an historical context, rates in the West End remain very low. The majority of the increase seen this quarter has been as a result of the addition of space in Mayfair and St James’s, where there is now over 1 million sq ft of space on the market. Sharp increase in space under offer The amount of space under offer increased by 83% at the end of Q4 to just less than 800,000 sq ft. Such a significant increase was driven by occupier interest in large floorplates in Victoria and in King’s Cross & Euston, where the total volume of space under offer more than doubled on Q3. Q4 2016 take-up by occupier sector Source: Gerald Eve Quarterly take-up and 3 year average Source: Gerald Eve 3% Serviced Offices 4% Retail 3% 1.6 Million sq ft Corporate 15% Associations & Government 1.4 1.2 1.0 25% Professional Services 0.8 28% Finance & Banking 0.6 0.4 0.2 Q4 16 Q3 16 Q2 16 Q1 16 Q4 15 Q3 15 Q2 15 Q1 15 Q4 14 0 Q3 14 Media & Technology Q2 14 25% Take-up / 3 Year Average Finance firms increase presence in West Finance and banking occupiers were the most active sector during Q4 as companies such as PSP Investments, Mirabaud and EQT Partners UK Advisors II LLP committed to space. A number of recruitment companies also committed to space during the quarter. www.geraldeve.com www.geraldeve.com A solid quarter for occupier demand Take-up decreased by 12% in Q4 and ended the year just shy of the 3 year average quarterly figure. It was activity on large floorplates in Victoria which helped drive the totals, although the average floor size transacted decreased from 4,292 sq ft to 3,875 sq ft. SUPPLY AND DEMAND EAST Availability by sub-market Source: Gerald Eve Million sq ft 1.6 5.5 Million sq ft 1.4 5.0 1.2 4.5 4.0 1.0 3.5 3.0 0.8 2.5 0.6 2.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 EC1 EC2 EC3 Q4 16 Q3 16 Q2 16 Q1 16 Q4 15 Q3 15 Q2 15 Q1 15 Q4 14 Q3 14 Q4 16 EC4 Q3 16 EC3 Q2 16 Q4 15 EC2 Q1 16 Q3 15 EC1 Q2 15 Q1 15 Q4 14 Q3 14 Q2 14 Q2 14 0.0 Q2 14 6.0 Under offers by sub-market Source: Gerald Eve EC4 Availability rises again, but pace of increase slows The amount of available space on the market increased for the fourth consecutive quarter as additional space in the development pipeline entered availability. This has both increased the quality of choice on offer and pushed availability rates up to 6.4%, although, the development pipeline for H2 2017 looks set to help keep supply in check. Under offers remain elevated The amount of space under offer remained over 1 million sq ft at the end of Q4. By sub-market, EC3 was home to the most space under offer and 73% was new or refurbished as occupiers looked to sign up to the best quality space. Occupiers continue to push for flexibility and better terms, however prime rents have held firm at £70 per sq ft in Q4. Landlords have proved themselves more willing to incentivise deals rather than reduce headline rents. Q4 take-up by occupier sector Source: Gerald Eve Quarterly take-up by sub-market and 3 year average Source: Gerald Eve 5% Serviced Offices 1% Retail Million sq ft 4% 2.0 Associations 1.8 8% 1.6 Corporate 1.4 1.2 15% Profesional Services 1.0 28% Finance & Banking 7% Insurance 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 EC1 Media and tech firms drive activity The shift away from the City’s reliance on financial and banking occupiers continued in Q4 and media and technology firms accounted for 32% of all space taken. Despite concerns over the future commitment of occupiers from certain segments of the finance and banking sector, this occupier sector still accounted for 28% of all demand. EC2 EC3 EC4 Q4 16 Q3 16 Q2 16 Q1 16 Q4 15 Q3 15 Q2 15 Q1 15 Q4 14 0 Q3 14 Media & Technology Q2 14 32% 3 Year Average Take-up rebounds to 3 year average Take-up in the East rose by 50% during Q4 and returned back to the three year average quarterly take-up figure. Several occupiers confirmed their commitment to the City market, particularly in EC4, where 5 deals concluded over 50,000 sq ft in size. Despite this increase in take-up there are still several large requirements for space in the market, particularly from law firms with upcoming lease events. 7 Q4 2016 AVAILABILITY EAST Here we detail our findings on the supply of floors by each submarket, indicating the number of available floors for each size category as well as their respective quality. This includes space under construction which is due to be delivered to the market within 6 months. Supply 5.7 million sq ft/894 floors up 8% on Q3 Availability Rate 6.4% up on 5.9% in Q3 21% Tenant space Angel EC1 338,961 sq ft EC1 S Availability Rate 5.3% 211,280 sq ft M 250,489 sq ft L 166,257 sq ft XL Floors 0 50 100 150 250 It was the addition of several floors from the development pipeline, in schemes such as Charterhouse Place in the Smithfield Quarter which significantly increased supply in this market. Farringdon Barbican EC4 231,024 sq ft S 327,545 sq ft M 521,191 sq ft EC4 147,945 sq ft Availability Rate 5.6% L XL Floors 0 50 100 150 250 The strong levels of occupier interest substantially reduced the supply of extra-large floors in this sub-market during Q4. Available new space such as 8 Salisbury Square and 20 Old Bailey significantly raise the quality of marketed office space in this sub-market. www.geraldeve.com St Pauls City Thameslink Mansion House Blackfriars EC2 Floorplate Sizes Small (S) 1,000 sq ft to 5,000 sq ft Medium (M) 5,001 sq ft to 10,000 sq ft Large (L) 10,001 sq ft to 20,000 sq ft Extra Large (XL) 20,001 sq ft + 353,556 sq ft S 309,447 sq ft M 609,377 sq ft L Type 423,855 sq ft New XL Refurbished Floors Unrefurbished Source: Gerald Eve Current letting policies may dictate some floors are not available in isolation 0 50 100 150 250 Following strong levels of occupier interest in medium and large floors during Q4, overall availability ended Q4 1% down on Q3. The overall availability rate fell to 5.1%, making it the most supply restricted sub-market in the East. EC3 469,420 sq ft S 285,016 sq ft M 778,834 sq ft Old Street L 265,026 sq ft XL EC2 Floors 0 50 100 150 250 Availability Rate 5.1% Supply rose across all floorplate sizes during Q4. This market continues to be weighted towards good quality small floors, however there is little on the market for occupiers looking for good quality space with extra-large floorplates. Moorgate Development supply pipeline Liverpool Street 1.4 Million sq ft 72 floors 1.2 64 floors Aldgate 1.0 83 floors 0.8 Bank Fenchurch Street 58 floors 0.6 42 floors Cannon Street 0.4 Monument Tower Hill 0.2 EC1 EC2 EC3 H2 2020 H1 2020 H2 2019 H1 2019 H2 2018 0.0 H1 2018 Availability Rate 9.5% 9 floors H2 2017 EC3 EC4 There is 880,000 sq ft of new space over 83 floors due to be delivered to the market in the second half of 2017, most notably in EC3. The three year City development supply pipeline is dominated by large schemes under construction in EC2 such as 22 Bishopsgate and 21 Moorfields. 9 2016 ANNUAL REVIEW AND OUTLOOK Whilst quarterly take-up showed an increase in Q4, occupier demand in 2016 was on balance 12% down on 2015. Occupier uncertainty as a result of the referendum result did have an impact on demand and we also saw availability rise through most of 2016. This activity has changed the landscape of London offices and has highlighted some interesting themes in terms of annual performance. Most active occupational sub-market in the East Most active occupational sub-market in the West Most active occupier sector EC2 Victoria Finance & Banking With 277 floors totalling 1.8 million sq ft taken-up during 2016, EC2 was the most active of all sub-markets in 2016. Headline deals in the finance sector including Investec’s sub-letting of 100,000 sq ft at 30 Gresham Street and Rathbone’s letting of 75,000 sq ft at 8 Finsbury Circus were complemented by media & tech firms such as Amazon, who exercised their option to acquire a further 80,000 sq ft at Principal Place. With 80 floors totalling around 750,000 sq ft, Victoria just pipped Mayfair & St James’s as the most active market in the West in 2016. The availability of large floorplates in this market was attractive to both typical government institutions, but also finance and technology companies who were looking for more affordable space. Across London, by volume of space taken, finance and banking occupiers accounted for 27% of all occupier activity over the year, just more than media & tech industries which accounted for 23%. As tenants in the finance and banking industry continue to draw up relocation plans in the wake of the referendum result and closely assess their London headcounts, eyes are on the technology and creative industries as the sector to fill the gap. 2017 Themes to watch External events, economic and political, are likely to have an amplified effect on London office demand and rents. www.geraldeve.com Legal and creative industries to help drive demand. Expect to see an increase in marketed tenant space as occupiers look to make their offices more efficient. Rising inflation and potential interest rate movements could create tighter economic environment. Continued rise in availability rates, but oversupply is unlikely to be a significant concern. Expect more relocation plans to be drawn up as BREXIT negotiations continue. Expect to see further downward pressure on prime and net effective rents and tenants likely to continue to be attracted to ‘value’ locations. DEFINITIONS Availability Floor / Floorplate Marketed floorspace over 500 sq ft in size (in the West) and over 1,000 sq ft (in the East) and available to move into within 6 months that may or may not be vacant but which is actively marketed by an appointed agent. We monitor available floorspace in central London at an individual floor level. Each floor is assigned a floor size category and an individual grade for quality. The availability data covered in this report represents buildings within the boundaries outlined in the maps in this report. We monitor availability by the number of floors being marketed as well as the total size. The floor area in sq ft adopted throughout is the net internal area. Floors which are under offer are not included in our availability statistics. Availability is accurate two weeks before the end of the calendar quarter. As well as the total volume of space being marketed as available, we also monitor the number of floors which account for this total volume. We monitor whether it is a full floor or part floor which is being marketed, although for our statistics, we treat an individuallymarketed ‘part’ floor as ‘one’ floor. If a floor is capable of sub-division to accommodate two suites, but can likewise be occupied together, we use the total floorplate for that floor. Newly available space Space on the open market including developments which are within 6 months of completion. This includes units of secondhand space which are undergoing refurbishment. Floor quality New: Floor in a newly-developed or newly-refurbished building, including sub-let space in new buildings which have not been previously occupied Refurbished: A floor which has been comprehensively refurbished and is of good specification, floorplate efficiency and image, but is in a building which is not new or been comprehensively refurbished. Unrefurbished: Poorer quality space, usually offered for occupation ‘as is’. London Offices Under offer Reference to London offices in this report refers to floors over 1,000 sq ft the East (comprising the postcodes EC1, EC2, EC3 and EC4) and floors over 500 sq ft in the West as depicted on the map (comprising West End submarkets Soho, Covent Garden, Mayfair & St James’s, Victoria, Marylebone and Fitzrovia & Bloomsbury). Space which a prospective occupier has agreed in principle to occupy but is most likely to be under no legal or contractual obligation to do so. Requirement Named entities with appointed agents and a declared requirement for office accommodation which the named entity wishes to satisfy in the foreseeable future. If the requirement has a preferred size range, the average size of the requirement is used. Given requirements often include a range of targeted sub-markets, we have included the requirement for each of the sub-markets when analysing individual sub-markets, but, when calculating overall London requirements, duplicates are removed. Prime headline rents The rent being paid which does not take account of concessions such as rent free periods. The references to both headline rents and incentives in this report are a reflection of the best office space in that submarket which is taken on an assumed 10 year term. We use the ‘best achieved’ method of recording prime rents. Where there is recent evidence of transactions, then our data is representative of it. In cases where there is no recent evidence, then the rent is recorded on the basis of the best hypothetical transaction which could be achieved as at the end of that quarter. In the East, prime headline rents refers to low-rise buildings. Incentives This refers to the concessions offered by a landlord to a tenant as part of the negotiation process. Incentives usually adopt the form of rent free periods, but can also be in the form of capital contributions or the fit-out of the building. Tenant space Reference to ‘tenant space’ includes office space that is actively marketed and is available either as a sub-let or an assignment of an existing lease. ‘Grey space’ that is not actively marketed is not covered in this report, only space with an appointed agent. Take-up Occupational transactions including offices let or sold to an occupier, developments pre-let or pre-sold to an occupier or an owner occupier purchase of a freehold or long leasehold. We analyse take-up at individual floor level and in terms of the overall volume. Quality of choice This is a subjective measure holistically assessing the appropriateness of current availability to modern office requirements. Whilst our figures may represent a large number of floors available in particular size categories or postcode geographies, the floorplates efficiencies or amenities on offer within this supply may not meet all the expectations of modern office tenants and the quality of choice would be lower. Development Supply / Future Supply Office space which is under refurbishment or development, without a tenant and which is actively being marketed and has a known delivery date. It does not include space bought to the market in the future due to lease expiries or the natural churn of stock. The same floor size categories are used as defined in ‘Availability’. Net absorption This measures the net overall balance of occupied space over a prescribed time period. We calculate net absorption by subtracting the change in available space (both by the number of floors and the overall volume of space) between two time periods from the amount of development completions added to the market within the same time period. For our calculation we assume that all available space is ‘vacant’ on the premise that space that is marketed as being available is underused and likely to be vacated. Known sub-let space and lease renewals are not factored into net absorption except where the lease renewal includes the leasing of additional space, and then that additional space is counted. Pre-letting of space in non-existing buildings is not counted in net absorption until the development is completed and the tenant takes occupation. 11 Gerald Eve in the Market Our specialists have been involved in several high profile transactions during the quarter. Please contact them directly for more information. Stephen Peers London Offices Lloyd Davies London Offices Fergus Jagger London Offices Stephen is marketing 31,500 sq ft of prestigious Mayfair offices at Twenty North Audley Street. The fully refurbished, category A office space is asset managed by Global Holdings Management Group. A further 20,000 sq ft of space is due to become available in late 2017. Lloyd advised Singaporean investor UOL Group on its acquisition of 120 Holborn, a 340,000 sq ft Midtown mixed-use island site from a private overseas investor and EQT for circa £230m. In May, advised by Gerald Eve, UOL Group agreed to buy nearby office and retail building at 110 High Holborn for £98.75m from UBS Central London Office Value Added Fund. Fergus is marketing 85,751 sq ft of refurbished office space at 30 St Mary Axe on behalf of Swiss RE. 30 St Mary Axe was designed by Lord Foster and opened in 2004 and the available space is based over five floors. The 180-metre tower is widely regarded as one of the key developments in 21st century London, helping to define the capital’s modern day skyline. Mobile +44 (0)7771 607057 Mobile +44 (0)7767 311254 Mobile +44 (0)7787 558756 London Agency & Investment London Lease Consultancy London Research Stephen Peers Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 3486 3450 Mobile +44 (0)7771 607057 [email protected] Graham Foster Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 7653 6832 Mobile +44 (0)7774 823663 [email protected] Steve Sharman Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 7333 6271 Mobile +44 (0)7508 008118 [email protected] Lloyd Davies Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 7333 6242 Mobile +44 (0)7767 311254 [email protected] Tony Guthrie Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 3486 3456 Mobile +44 (0)7585 960695 [email protected] Fergus Jagger Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 7653 6831 Mobile +44 (0)7787 558756 [email protected] London Planning & Development Contacts Steve Johns Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 7653 6858 Mobile +44 (0)7833 401249 [email protected] Disclaimer & copyright London Floor Review is a short summary and is not intended to be definitive advice. No responsibility can be accepted for loss or damage caused by reliance on it. © All rights reserved The reproduction of the whole or part of this publication is strictly prohibited without permission from Gerald Eve LLP. www.geraldeve.com Lisa Webb Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 7333 6225 Mobile +44 (0)7747 607309 [email protected] Nick Brindley Partner Tel. +44 (0)20 7333 6362 Mobile +44 (0)7944 584743 [email protected]
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