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Honors Biology Study Guide
Freshwater protozoans react to a/an _____ environment by removing water
through_____.
Why is photorespiration more of a problem for a plant when their stomata are
closed?
In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, glucose is reabsorbed into the
bloodstream in the kidneys by members of the GLUT transporter family, which
form an aqueous pore across the membrane through which glucose can move
passively. As a result, no glucose in excreted in urine. However, in people with
untreated diabetes mellitus, blood sugar levels are high and glucose is often
present in the urine. What can explain this occurrence?
A dehydrated runner drinks a lot of water after a race. They rehydrate
because…
Is adenine, a nitrogen containing organic base, a member of the pyrimidine
group? Yes or No
Francesco Redi performed the following experiment. He had two different sets
of containers with meat in them. One set of containers was covered with a
material that let air pass through and the other set was left uncovered. The
uncovered containers developed maggots and the covered ones did not. Which
one of the following hypotheses could not be tested by this experiment?
What are the main organelles of intracellular digestion?
Ribosomes are _______
You are interested in the effect of increased carbon dioxide versus normal air,
and also in the effect of green light versus full sunlight on the growth of corn
plants in a greenhouse. Although you can set up your experiment in a
greenhouse, it is possible that there will be plant growth effects due to effects
that you do not know and may never know. What do you have to do to ensure
the control of unknown variables?
While eating lobster for dinner one night your friend asks what you think might
happen if this marine invertebrate, which is normally isosmotic with respect to
the surrounding seawater, were to be moved to a bay with a slightly lower salt
concentration instead of being caught. You reply that, in order for the lobster to
be isosmotic with respect to its new environment,...
The action spectrum of photosynthesis shows a high light absorption for
violet/blue and orange/red and a low absorption for green/yellow. If we were to
set up an experiment where narrow bands of unicolored light were shown on an
aquatic plant such as Elodea, and we counted the number of bubbles of oxygen
produced as an indicator of photosynthetic rate, how would the graph appear?
Which statement is NOT true about the cyclic electron pathway?
Describe Eukaryotic cilia.
The nucleolus is an area of the cell where…
When using the scientific method, scientists make several fundamental
assumptions. Which of these does not make sense, based on your knowledge of
the scientific method?
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ATP is considered to be:
Incubation of cells at 20 degrees Celsius blocks the release of proteins from the
trans-Golgi. Under such conditions, you would expect to see…What influences
membrane fluidity?
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This contains acid hydrolases.
Is cellulose a lipid, true or false? _______
Following a meal, glucose must move from the gut lumen where there is high
glucose concentration into the intestinal cell where there is a relatively low level
of glucose. This movement is called:
A solution contains 0.0001 (10-4) moles of hydrogen ions [H+] per liter. Is the
solution acidic or basic? Is it an H+ donor or an H+ acceptor?
Glucose and fructose are different substances and have different characteristics
because they are what kind of isomer?
Protons (H+) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport
between photosystems I and II. The excess of protons in the thylakoid space:
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Know about protein functions and their integral protein.
Which best describes the first law of thermodynamics?
Cholesterol is a structural component of cell membranes. Amount of cholesterol
present can affect membrane stability and permeability. What is the role of
cholesterol in a membrane?
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Glucose is a carbohydrate that is a ________saccharide.
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Which cell junction is unique to animals?
If a cell has a normal osmotic pressure of 4500 mmHg and is placed into a
solution with an osmotic pressure of 3500 mmHG, what will happen to the cell?
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Cellular membranes are…
What are the goals of science?
Substances that assist the function of an enzyme and do not contain any organic
matter are called _______________.
A research laboratory is attempting to collect the content of human red blood
cells. The type of solution researchers should use to cause blood cells to lyse
(burst) would be…
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by ______________ up chemical
reactions.
How might a plant cope with the fact that the Calvin cycle uses more ATP than
NADPH, yet produces roughly the same amount of both energy intermediates in
photosystems I and II?
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Living organisms are characterized by
One of the disadvantages of the C4 pathway is that it requires:
Which makes up a controlled experiment?
A scientist performs an experiment in which they create an artificial cell with a
selectively permeable membrane through which only water can pass. They
inject a 5M solution of glucose into the cell and then place the cell into a beaker
of water. After an hour, what do you expect to observe?
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Regulatory proteins may take the form of nonsteroidal _________________.
The ambient, outdoor temperature is 82º. What is the temperature in SI units?
Organic compounds always contain which element?
Know all the criteria a molecule must meet to cross the plasma membrane.
Convert 0.175 liters to milliliters, cubic centimeters, and microliters:
Which cell junction will allow the movement of molecules between two plant
cells?
A cell has no net movement of water. The amount leaving the cell and entering
the cell are the same. In what type of environment is this cell found?
Red blood cells come in many “blood types” including type A, type B, type AB,
type O (lacking proteins A and B), and Rh negative (lacking Rh+) and many
others. If blood is transfused, the recipient detects any new or “foreign”
proteins. These blood proteins are:
If you are a very thirsty cell, which process would you used to take in some
nutrients secreted by one of your neighbors?
Sodium concentrations are higher outside and glucose concentrations are higher
inside the cell. Using the same membrane protein for Na+ and glucose transport,
what is it called when a Na+ electrochemical gradient is used to drive glucose
transport into the cell against its concentration gradient?
The formation of proteins as a macromolecule by a process of dehydration
synthesis between -NH2 and -COOH results in the formation of a(an)
__________ bond.
The nuclear lamina consists of protein deposited along the inner portion of the
nuclear envelope. This belongs to a structure known as what?
Photorespiration is a form of:
What will happen to the pH inside a thylakoid that is exposed to light?
Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or
secretion?
A phospholipid molecule has a polar and nonpolar end. Because of this, water
molecules form ___________________________.
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This is a compartment that may take up a considerable volume of a plant cell.
Know information about phospholipids that flip-flop across the lipid bilayer.
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The “granular” material seen in the nucleus of a “resting cell” is
Know cell junctions unique to animals.
Amino acids are naturally occurring compounds. List three things they possess.
A method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the problem of
photorespiration is
A red blood cell in 50% NaCL solution will:
Cell surface molecules are labeled with a fluorescent tag and then a portion of
them are bleached with a laser beam. What would one observe after the cell is
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incubated for a few minutes?
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If the Calvin cycle uses three molecules of CO2 to produce six molecules of
G3P (glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate), but only one G3P molecule is used to form
a carbohydrate molecule, what happens to the other carbons that were taken in?
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What are the functions of cellular membranes?
Which functional group do all amino acids possess?
Terpenes are ____________ compounds that compose _____________
_______ and _____________________.
When an electron has been excited to a higher energy state, it can then drop
back to the original level, re emitting the light as fluorescence. When
chlorophyll is extracted in solution, and a bright red or blue light is shown on it,
the chlorophyll fluoresces brightly. However, when the chlorophyll is packaged
inside chloroplasts and the red or blue light is turned on, there is no
fluorescence. This most likely indicates that:
The photosynthetic electron transport causes the accumulation of protons in
which part of the chloroplast?
An alien from another planet landed on earth. He is fascinated by cars and is
determined to figure out how they work. He decides to disassemble one of them
and examine each part independently. He removes one of the tires and proceeds
to learn all he can about the tire. He then removes one of the headlights and
proceeds to learn all he can about the headlight. What type of approach is this
alien taking it to learn about the car?
Membrane proteins serve many function. One of those functions is
transportation of substances across the membrane. If a cell biologist placed cells
into an environment in which a chemical has been added that blocks the
function of only carrier proteins, the process that will be affected is…
Be able to identify these in a cell diagram: cell membrane, centrioles, nuclear
envelope, Golgi apparatus, rough ER, smooth ER, nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear
pores, vesicles
The macromolecule that is responsible for the storage of genetic information is
__________________ acid.
Cholesterol is a structural component of cell membranes. The amount of
cholesterol preset can affect membrane stability and permeability. What is the
role of cholesterol in a membrane?
If you were to replace the phosphate group of a phospholipid with a fatty acid
chain, you would have:
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Describe the structure of a steroid:
During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the
plants to die. The plants are killed because the water solution is
_______________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells.
Convert 5.02 X 10-2 mm to µm(micrometers) :
Be able to identify an actin microfilament on a diagram of the plasma
membrane.
Know integral proteins (carrier, enzymatic, etc) and their functions.
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The proteins of motion that are essential for muscle contractions are
___________ and _______________.
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All cells contain a
Microfilaments are commonly found in
Although it is not possible to be exact about when cyanobacteria first appeared
on earth, most scientists agree that about two billion years ago, they expanded
rapidly and raised the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere to present levels in
about 500 million years. This appearance of oxygen and the beginning of
aerobic life was made possible by the appearance of:
What would happen to a plant that is treated with a chemical that prevents
electrons from moving through the electron transport chain?
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Digestive vesicles that remain in a state of readiness for function have
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For the process of diffusion to occur, molecules must…
The ability of plants to convert fats directly to sugars, a process unable to be
done in animal cells, is possible because of what?
The protein that is used for support and is the most abundant protein in
vertebrates is ______________.
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Compare and describe the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
If the volume of a cell increases, its surface area will
Know how to identify and define the following structures:glycolipid molecule,
cholesterol molecule, actin microfilament, peripheral membrane protein,
collagen
Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 are useful in enzymatic reactions. Explain what
they act as: ____________________.
When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, what does the
hypothesis become?
A red blood cell placed in 50% NaCl solution will…
Know information about animal cells.
Which of the following are found in both plant and animal cells?
Know the characteristics and composition of the cellular membrane.
The “9+2” structure of the eukaryotic flagellum refers to
Chemical reactions mediated by enzymes may be altered or modified by
changes in __________________ and _____.
In the reaction, 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2, which side should energy be
placed on?
If you were to replace the phosphate group of a phospholipid with a fatty acid
chain, you would have…
This has a different membrane composition giving it structural polarity.
Retinal pigments belong to the class of lipids known as _________________.
Be able to identify collagen on a diagram of the plasma membrane.
Which of the following does not represent homeostasis?
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Cu++, Fe++, and Zn++ are important in certain chemical reactions because they
act as ________________.
To test for the presence of starch, iodine can be used. A positive reaction results
in a black color. A dialysis bag filled with starch solution and secured on both
ends is placed in iodine solution. After 30 minutes, the bag appears black. Based
on this information, what most accurately describes what happened?
The cell membrane is composed of what?
Which best describes the second law of thermodynamics?
Which of the following organisms is NOT ultimately dependent upon the sun as
a source of energy?
Know what is important for allowing large, charged molecules to pass through
the membrane.
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CAM and C4 plants likely grow in what type of environment?
What functions does the lipid bilayer component of the cell membrane provide
for the cell?
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Which one of the following is a description of a controlled experiment?
How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration?
Chemical reactions that release energy as they go to completion may occur
_________________.
Water diffuses through certain organs, such as kidneys and the bladder, much
faster than would occur by passive diffusion through a lipid bilayer alone. What
accounts for this more rapid rate of water transport in these organs?
While C4 plants have carbon dioxide fixation and carbon dioxide uptake
separated by location within the plant, CAM plants:
Incubation of cells at 20 degrees Celsius blocks the release of proteins from the
trans-Golgi. Under such conditions, you would expect to see:
Which type of organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of oils,
phospholipids, and steroids?
Know all the functions of the lipid bilayer component of the cell membrane, and
what each provides for the cell.
Red blood cells come in many “blood types” including type A, type B, type AB,
type O [lacking proteins A and B], Rh positive, and Rh negative[lacking Rh+]
and many others. If blood is transfused, the recipient detects any new “foreign”
proteins. These blood type proteins are…
Facilitated diffusion is an important method for cells in obtaining necessary
molecules and removing other ones. Requirements for facilitated diffusion
include what?
An automobile engine is about 20-30% efficient in converting chemical energy
to mechanical energy. Cells are about 39% efficient if the transformation of
glucose to ATP. The rest of the energy is lost as heat. This is illustrative of the:
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Organism with a cell wall cannot carry out ___________.
Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is:
Animal cells are permeable to water and urea but NOT to sucrose. The inside of
a cell contains 1 M sucrose and 1 M urea and outside 1 M sucrose and 2 M urea.
The solution inside, with respect to outside the cell is:
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Describe the pairing of a polymer and its monomer:
Choose which of the following statements is a hypothesis for an experiment
ATP is considered a high-energy compound because under cellular conditions,
7.3 kcal per mole of energy is released when a bond is broken between:
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All living things require
One classic definition of life is “a self-replicating molecular assemblage.”
However, clay particles (in clay soil) contain layered aluminum and iron
compounds that determine the pattern of the adjacent layers of sediment.This is
technically a self-replicating molecular assemblage. Is it or is it not living?
Why?
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The “rough” endoplasmic reticulum is so-named because
The passage of mRNA and ribosomes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm occurs
via
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Which of the following is NOT a function of cellular membranes?
The energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction is called
__________________ energy.
Which properties recognized as a cell only become evident when the component
parts are correctly assembled?
A scientist performs an experiment in which they create an artificial cell with a
selectively permeable membrane through which only water can pass. They
inject a 5 M solution of glucose into the cell and then place the cell into a
beaker containing 10 M glucose. What effect do you expect to observe?
Which of the following terms best describes a conceptual scheme in science that
is strongly supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the
results of many observations?
The turgor pressure observed in plants is a direct result of the plant cells
being________ to their environment.
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Which of the following is not a known function of the cytoskeleton?
Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves all of the following EXCEPT:
A container with a capacity of 10 deciliters holds ____
Which two forms may the secondary structure of a protein take?
_______________________ form and _____ _______________________
form.
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Know information about the plasma membrane.
This produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted.
Which cell junction will allow the movement of molecules between two plant
cells?
One of the generalizations of the cell theory is that
Unicellular to multicellular as ____ is to ____
Of the following, which is probably the most common route for membrane flow
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in the endomembrane system?
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The Golgi Apparatus receives macromolecules for modification at the
What are isomers that are mirror images of each other?
In order to study a cell at lower temperatures, a researcher must artificially
increase its membrane fluidity. What would be a reasonable strategy for
increasing plasma membrane fluidity at low temperatures?
If a cell has a normal osmotic pressure of 4500 mmHg and is placed into a
solution with an osmotic pressure of 3500 mmHg, what will happen to the cell?
The process by which cholesterol is transported into the cell by binding of LDL
to its receptor and the internalization of the receptor-LDL complex is…
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Know receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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A dehydrated runner drinks a lot after a race. They rehydrate because:
Animal cells are permeable to water and urea but NOT to sucrose. The inside of
a cell contains 1 M sucrose and 1 M urea and the outside 1 M sucrose and 2 M
urea. The solution inside with respect to the outside the cell is…
What is the name of the naturally occurring process that produce a clone?
What establishes the electrochemical gradient across a membrane to provide
energy for ATP production?
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing
which of the following molecules?
Structural features that contain the protein actin and help to control the shape of
cells are
If a living plant were to move from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater
aquarium, which of the following would occur?
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Basal bodies are structures…
A research laboratory is attempting to collect the content of human red blood
cells. The type of solution researchers should use to cause the blood cells to lyse
(burst) would be:
The type of reasoning that begins with specific observations and uses that to
discover a general principle is ____ reasoning.
This may be used as a vessel to distribute medicines or pharmaceutical agents.
The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that:
If one group is given some medicine that may cure a disease and the other group
is given a sugar pill, the group who got the medicine is the ____ group.
“All adult women in the experiment responded favorably to the medication.
However, young girls did not.” In this situation, what were the variables?
A theory is ____________.
In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located?
The controlling of enzyme systems by changing the shape of the active site is
called ________________ inhibition.
The type of enzyme regulation that relies upon the synthesis (or lack of) an
enzyme is called ______________________ _______________________.
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Galactose is found in __________ products.
A C4 plant minimizes photorespiration by
Which life activity is NOT vital for the survival of the individual organism?
Know the effects of heat on the plant’s turgor pressure.
Know the differences between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic
environments.
Which of these statements is NOT a consequence of the second law of
thermodynamics?
The sea slug Elysia chloritica absorbs chloroplasts from the algae Vaucheria
litorea as it digests the algae. This allows the sea slug to live on sunlight and
carbon dioxide. This suggests that:
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How does sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction differ?
All of the following are part of a prokaryote except
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Phospholipids are a major component of cell _________________.
What type of junction must there be between the cells of your bladder?
What is the ultimate destination for the energized electrons during the light
reactions of photosynthesis?
Which statement is NOT true about photosynthesis?
A phospholipid molecule has a polar and nonpolar end. Because of this, water
molecules form…
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Dynein is a protein responsible for
Studying a brick does not predict the design of a skyscraper. Intense
examination of muscle tissues does not allow you to predict the design of a
kangaroo or a clam. The structure of chlorophyll does not dictate unique
structure of a tree. These cases demonstrate:
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The unit of measure equal to .001 mm is called
The statement "Penicillin will have virtually no effect on bacteria M" is an
example of
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A mutant bacterial strain without ribosomes would be incapable of what?
Facilitated diffusion is an important method for cells in obtaining necessary
molecules and removing other ones. Requirements for facilitated diffusion
include: ________________________________________________.
A reason an automobile engine is not considered to be living is that it is not able
to
The Golgi apparatus has a polarity to its structure and function. Which of the
following statements correctly describes this polarity?
A scientist performs an experiment in which they create an artificial cell with a
selectively permeable membrane through which only water can pass. They
inject a 5M solution of glucose into the cell and then place the cell into a beaker
containing 10M glucose. What effect do you expect to observe?
In green plants, which photosystem absorbs photons to excite electrons in the
reaction center?
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Cell surface molecules are labeled with a fluorescent tag and then a portion of
them are bleached with a laser beam. What would one observe after the cell
incubated for a few minutes?
The nitrogen containing organic base that’s only associated with RNA and not
with DNA is _______________.
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What is the reason plants wilt on a hot summer day?
The turgor pressure observed in plants is a direct result of the plant cells being
____________ to their environment.
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The end product of the Calvin cycle is:
The movement of the chromosomes during the process of cell division could be
significantly disturbed by what?
A hypothesis may arise from…
What are fats, oils, and waxes composed of? ___________ and
_________________
The structural composition of a sugar has twice as much __________________
as ________________ or ______________________.
In order to study a cell at lower temperatures, a researcher must artificially
increase its membrane fluidity. What would be a reasonable strategy for
increasing membrane fluidity at low temperatures?
If plants were only able to undergo the cyclic pathway, which of the following
would NOT be true?
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What is the primary advantage of the nuclear envelope?
Know information about receptor-mediated endocytosis.
When NADPH _____ electrons in the Calvin cycle it is ______, forming
NADP+
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All the changes that take place in a living thing as it matures are described as
This produces the molecule, H2O2, as a byproduct of its reactions.
Glucose molecules are to starch as ___________________ are to proteins.
Data collected concerning the different numbers of red and white rose bushes
is…
GABAA receptors play an essential role in neurotransmission in the central
nervous system. In response to the appropriate signal, these receptors open up
and allow Cl- to flow into the cell. Given this information, GABAA receptors
can be classified as a…
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The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is primarily responsible for what?
Membrane proteins serve many functions. One of the functions is transportation
of substances across the membrane. If a cell biologist placed cells into an
environment in which a chemical bass has been added that blocks the function
of only carrier proteins, the process that will be affected is:
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Know the process of phospholipids flip-flopping across the lipid bilayer.
A scientist performs an experiment in which they create an artificial cell with a
selectively permeable membrane through which only water can pass. They
inject a 5M solution of glucose into the cell and then place the cell into a beaker
of water. After an hour, what effect do you expect to observe?
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What are the characteristics of red light, which is absorbed by chlorophylls?
The concept that all events in the environment can be explained by the laws of
physics and chemistry is called?
Placing celery sticks in fresh water will make them more turgid and hard. This
is because:
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Know about the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase pump.
Which statement is NOT true about C3 and C4 plants?
What is the order of stages when generating and testing a hypothesis?
Organisms with a cell wall cannot carry out…
The movement of sucrose and H+ into the cell by the same membrane protein
reflects the actions of what type of transporter?
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Which type of plant can utilize the Calvin cycle?
The movement of sucrose and H+ into the cell by the same membrane protein
reflects the actions of what type of transporter?
Be able to identify a diagram of facilitated transport, active transport, passive
transport, and osmosis.
What process best characterizes Ca2+ movement from the cytosol (low Ca2+
concentration) into the endoplasmic reticulum (high Ca2+ concentration)?
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What is not a trace element in the human body?
An amino acid is to a protein as ______saccharide is to starch.
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Cell walls are structures composed of
If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater
aquarium, what would occur?
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The scientific or Systeme Internationale designation for a billionth is?
A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations is
a/an______?
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The “Dead Man” who coined the term “Cell” to describe what he observed was
During osmosis, water flows towards an area with:
In the reaction, 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2, carbon dioxide is being
______
Placing celery sticks in fresh water will make them more turgid and harder. This
is because…
The smallest units that can carry on the functions of life are called
A living organism represents stored energy in the form of chemical compounds.
When an organism dies, what happens to this stored energy?
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Describe an induced fit:
Explain endergonic reactions:
While eating lobster for dinner one night, your friend asks what you think might
happen if this marine invertebrate, which is normally isosmotic with respect to
the surrounding seawater, were to be moved to a bay with a slightly lower salt
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concentration instead of being caught. You reply that, in order for the lobster to
be isosmotic with respect to its new environment,
________________________________________________ .
Na+ ion concentrations are higher outside the cell than inside the cell. What
type of transport system is required to move Na+ ions in and out of the cell?
The photosystem channels the excitation energy gathered by absorption of light
by any one of the pigment molecules to a specific reaction center chlorophyll,
which in turn passes the energy to: Chlorophyll b absorbs green wavelengths of
light that chlorophyll a cannot absorb. In this respect, chlorophyll b acts as:
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Know the movement of proteins and the fluidity of the plasma membrane.
Describe the difference between DNA and RNA:
How is genetic information encoded?
If you wanted to install lights to grow plants indoors, the type of light you
would want to use is
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The basic unit of all living things is ____
Be able to identify a cholesterol molecule on a diagram of the plasma
membrane.
During osmosis, water flows towards an area with…
A green plant is first grown in blue light and then in green light. The likely
outcome for photosynthesis in both phases is:
While eating a container of yogurt, you have to leave, so you store the yogurt in
the refrigerator. A day later you return and find the surface of the yogurt is no
longer smooth but has broken into several liquified products. You correctly
guess that enzymes from your saliva, via the spoon, have continued digesting
the yogurt in your absence. What will happen over time?
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Which structures are NOT present in plant cells?
Explain the process of dehydration synthesis:
While traveling in France, the temperature was noted to be 39º C. What would
this read in Fahrenheit?
What process best characterizes Ca2+ movement from the cytosol (low Ca2+
concentration) into the endoplasmic reticulum (high Ca2+ concentration)?
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Endergonic reactions:
Which statement is NOT true about the noncyclic electron pathway?
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Are enzymes monomers used to build proteins? True or False.
Know the plasma membrane Na+/K+-ATPase pump.
Homeostasis is the process by which
A transport protein in the blood that delivers oxygen to the tissues is
_________.
Freshwater protozoans react to a/an _________ environment by removing water
through ________.
Scientists unearth a Wooly Mammoth from the Siberian Ice Sheath and discover
that a eukaryotic “amoeba”-like cell is still alive. Which component of the cell
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membrane might contribute to maintaining the fluidity of plasma membranes
under freezing conditions?
The process by which cholesterol is transported into the cell by binding LDL to
its receptor and the internalization of the receptor-LDL is
____________________.
Carbon dioxide movement into a plant leaf involves all of the following
EXCEPT:
When a concept has been tested repeatedly and appears to be a uniform or
constant fact of nature, it is called
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Explain the structural composition of a sugar:
Which molecules used during the Calvin cycle could be used by a cell in a
reduction reaction?
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Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
Ribosomes perform their function of protein synthesis in the
Be able to identify: facilitated transport, active transport, passive transport,
osmosis
If you were a very thirsty cell, which process would you use to take in some
nutrients secreted by one of your neighbors?
Thermophilus aquaticus is a bacterium that lives in the hot springs of
Yellowstone Park. Does the enzyme systemn of this organism have a high or
low optimal temperature, and explain why:
Following a meal, glucose must move from the gut lumen where there is a high
glucose concentration into the intestinal cell where there is a relatively low level
of glucose. This movement is called…
A form of enzyme system inhibition where a nonfunctional reactant may
occupy an active site is __________________ inhibition.
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Know information about active transport.
In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, glucose is reabsorbed into the
bloodstream in the kidney by members of the GLUT transporter family, which
form an aqueous pore across the membrane through which glucose can move
passively. As a result, no glucose is excreted in urine. However, in people with
untreated diabetes mellitus, blood sugar levels are high and glucose is often
present in urine. What can explain this occurrence?
Know what influences membrane fluidity.
Water diffuses through certain organs such as the kidneys and bladder much
faster than would occur by passive diffusion through a lipid bilayer alone. What
accounts for this more rapid rate of water transport in these organs?
A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this
plant appear to be blue-green. What wavelengths of visible light does this
pigment reflect?
Nucleotides are composed of ____, a ________ containing base, and a __
carbon sugar.
The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the
five-carbon RuBP molecule, which:
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The organelle that pinches off part of its membrane to form a vesicle used for
storage or transport is the
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The Calvin cycle requires all of the following except:
What feature of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for the selective
uptake and export of ions and molecules from the cell?
Be able to identify peripheral membrane proteins on a diagram of the plasma
membrane.
The electrons flowing through the electron transport chains in photosynthesis
come from ____ and end up being carried by ______.
What is the tertiary structure of a polypeptide?
The idea that all living cells came from preexisting cells was proposed by?
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A fatty acid replaced with a phosphate group creates a lipid. This lipid will have
A coenzyme is:
Saturated fats are lipids that have the maximum number of
___________________ bonds.
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Know the process of active transport.
From Kansas to central Indiana to Pennsylvania, many people believe that they
have water moccasins (also called "cottonmouth") in their ponds. Some assert
that they have seen them, although they are certainly not so foolish as to try to
capture one alive. Meanwhile, the fish and game offices and range maps in the
herpetology books indicate that this poisonous snakes is not breed this fat north.
What is the most scientific attitude to assume on this issue?
A common form of enzyme system regulation where the concentration of the
end-product inhibits the enzyme system is called
_________________________.
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Which class of lipids mediates the inflammatory chain of events?
A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test…
The special groups of proteins that act as catalysts for chemical reactions are
called ___________.
Chloroplasts contain their own DNA, but the genes on these chromosomes only
encode about 10% of the proteins required for photosynthesis. This is evidence
for:
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Fall leaf color on deciduous trees is a result of:
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The endoplasmic reticulum
The most durable members of the cytoskeleton are composed of what?
In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction
of cellular components in membrane-bound structures called
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories?
What type of junction must there be between the cells of your bladder?
Know information about the proteins in plasma membranes.
Know structures unique to plant cells.
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Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon…
Kinesin is a motor protein that…
In the dark reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 is added to a five-carbon sugarphosphate known as:
Scientists unearth a Wooly Mammoth from the Siberian Ice Sheath and discover
that a eukaryotic “amoeba-”like cell is still alive. Which component of the cell
membrane might contribute to maintain the fluidity of plasma membranes under
freezing conditions?
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This contains the enzyme, Catalase.
Na+ ion concentrations are higher outside the cell than inside the cell. What type
of transport system is required to move Na+ ions in and out of the cell?
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Carotenoids are important to many plants because these pigments are able to:
Which form of energy is NOT correctly associated with the related example?
The formation of a phosphodiester bond always involves a _________ group.
To test for the presence of starch, iodine can be used. A positive reaction results
in a black color. A dialysis bag filled with starch solution and secured on both
ends is placed in an iodine solution. After 30 minutes the dialysis bag appears
black. Based in this information, what happened?
GABAA receptors play an essential role in neurotransmission in the central
nervous system. In response to the appropriate signal, these receptors open up
and allow CI- to flow into the cell. Given this information, GABAA receptors
can be classified as:
The nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of individual units called
________________________.
What feature of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for the selective
uptake and export of ions and molecules from the cell?
The rate of diffusion of molecules would be fastest in a cell with an internal
concentration of ______ and an external concentration of ________.
What is important for allowing large, charged molecules to pass through the
membrane?
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Know the functions and positions of proteins in the plasma membrane.
For the process of diffusion to occur, molecules must
_______________________.
At what point in cellular diffusion are carrier proteins saturated?
What does scientific inquiry assume?
Explain why amino acids are distinguishable from each other:
What causes the denaturation of a protein?
During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the
plants to die. The plants are killed because the salt water solution is _______ to
the plants, drawing water from their cells.
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from
the cell?
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What is an endergonic reaction?
Those “barrel-shaped” structures oriented at right angles to each other
composed of microtubules are what?
The type of chemical reaction that results in production of a great deal more
energy than which was required to start the reaction is called a ______thermic
reaction.
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Describe nucleotides:
That component of the cytoskeleton which functions to alter the viscosity or
“liquidity” of the cytosol is what?
Be able to examine a diagram that shows the rate of diffusion into a cell, and
identify at which point carrier proteins are saturated.
Describe the transition point of a chemical reaction.
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What does the scientific method involve?
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Which statement is NOT true about enzyme inhibition?
This helps to break down and recycle the cell’s organic material.
Explain why oil floats on water:
What is the process by which organisms maintain their internal condition in a
relatively stable fashion?
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What is the SI base unit of length?
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