OVERVIEW OF BIOGAS NAMA
Difficulties, Challenges and Solutions
Trung tâm Nghiên cứu BĐKH và PTBV
Trung tâm nghiên cứu Cộng đồng và phát triển
Nông thôn
Contents
1. Overview of (pig) husbandry in Viet Nam
2. Related policies/opportunity.
3. Develop NAMA programme on biogas at
pig farms.
4.Overview of establish NAMA Biogas.
5.Difficulties, challenges and solutions
1. Overview of (pig) husbandry in Viet NAM
Total pigs from 20 millions at 2000 up to 27,4 millions at 2010 (increased 37% compare to
2000). According to plans, expected to have 35 millions in 2020
Source: Statistical Yearbook 2010
Total meat production in 2010 3,03 mil.tons, increased 114% compared to 2000.
Source: Statistical Yearbook 2010
Husbandry productivity increase relatively fast
Although number of pig heads only increase average 3,6%/year
but pig production increase 11,4%/year.
Pork meat production compared with poutry and other meat: Beef, buffalo,
goats…. Pork meat is the food with biggest proportion compared with others.
Nguồn Niên giám thống kê 2010
Density of Pig in ecological zones: head/km2. Northen Delta
and Southeast regions has the highest density.
Husbandry forms & sizes:
Household size small, dispersed farm house scale still has a big
proportion
81,4% the pigs are
raised in farm houses.
Has average scale of 20.7
pigs each (BUS, 2009)
Source: Department of Livestock,2010
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Farm size: Farm raising is developed fast but not sustainable. Pork meats
production from farms 45%, farmhouse only 55%
18.6% of the pigs are raised
in 8,500 farms, Average:
600 pigs/farm
Source: Department of Livestock 2010
9
Development trends of pigs husbandry in
Viet Nam 10 years from now
3 Increases :
• Increased herd size in each
farms
• Increased production qualities
• Increased profit for farmers
3 Reduce :
•
•
•
Reduce sickness
Reduce pollution
Reduce harmful supplements
(antibiotics, weight-gain
chemicals…)
Source: Department of Livestock, 2010
Potential for technology development
“Biogas” recycle livestock waste:
Livestock waste:
~ 15 tons of pigs waste/year
causing enviroment pollution
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~Around 0.8 mil.tons
CH4 /year discharged
into the air
CO2, CH4, …
emission
Phát thải
CO2, CH4, …
Livestock waste from pig raising
areas discharge inthoofdrains,
ponds and lakes…polluting the
enviroment, increasing green
house gas emissions
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2. Related policy/opportunities.
• Some related regulatory framwork has been completed
•
Husbandry development plan to 2020 (SỐ 10/2008/QĐ-TTg ) has goals of:
năm 2020 pig heads 35 millions, 37% are husbandry farms and must have
enviroment treatment facilities,
•
Viet Nam government approved Renewable energy development
polycy(Tổng sơ đồ 7- số 1208/QD-TTg ngày 21/7/2011) with priority of
developing renewable energy for electric producing, increase 4,5% total
power produced at 2020 and 6% at 2030.
•
National plan of enviroment change (QĐ: 2139/QĐ-TTg Ngày 5-12-2011),
also mentioned“...manage and process livestock wastes, develop and use
biogas as fuel”.
•
Green Development strategy(1993/QĐ-TTg/25/9/2012), also stated “
...Popularize technology on processing and re-use agriculture byproducts,
waste, making livestock food, mushroom cultivation, biogas...and reduce
green house gas emission”.
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3.Develop NAMA programme on biogas at pig
farms
• Programme name: Biogas for in place electric generating for
pig farms.
• Programme goals:
(i) Reduce enviroment pollution at husbandry concentrated
areas. Reduce green house gas through using biogas to
generate electricity solution;
(ii) Support developing stable and profitable concentrated
husbandry.
The programme only expected to be implanted at pig farms
areas. For household raising areas, there is already a CDM
project been registrated aprroval to implementation
(VVeb:CDM.UNFCCC.int) .
Develop NAMA programme on biogas at pig farms (cont)
Program implementing
pig farms waste
processing by the
anierobic method, methal
gas produced in the
anaerobic process will be
used as the in place
electric generating
resource.
Diagram of implenting a farm’s waste processing –electric
generating system.
Develop NAMA programme on biogas at pig farms (cont)
Macro level benefits
• The technology are clean both in wastewater
managing and renewable energy will be proved and
able to be expanded in husbandry areas of the
country ;
• Enhance self-powered capacity with renewable
energy resource, reduce resource importing;
• Protect global enviroments through capturing green
house gas , especially methal , and reduce energy
related emissions;
• A new financial mechanism on managing waste and
renewable energy field through NAMAs will stimulate
the sustainable development of husbandry.
• Lower the needs of new-build national level power
plants.
Develop NAMA programme on biogas at pig farms (cont)
Micro level benefits
• Control the waterwaste polluting the underground water
source;
• Reduce emissions/water waste into local water source;
• Making a healthier and safer workplaces with improvement on
air quality,and control the easily combustion methane gas
emssion ;
• Significant reduce foul smells from farm, reduce bad
influence to local social;
• Enhance farms’ self-powered capity;
• Improve viability of rural enterprises, provide works for locals
in agricultural area, and
• Provide produced in place renewable energy to supply a
better initiative energy compare with current electrical-grid.
4.Overview of building NAMA Biogas
1. The work that experts group already done:
+ Collect information related to develop biogas NAMA.
+ Two fieldwork trip to pig farms at Bac Giang và Bac Ninh.
+Calculate, build baseline, reduce green house gas when
implementing NAMA
+Group discoussion about the working and building of the first
report.
2. Main content of NAMA
(i) Review and recommend development of policies, regulations,
guidances...for the sustainable development of NAMA;
(ii) Applying techonolgy to address the enviroment and reduce
emissions problems;
(iii) Strengthen financial source support develop NAMA;
(iv) Improve capacity and awareness.
5.Difficulties, challenges and sollutions
1. Subjective: Limited experts capacities in project
development. The coopartion between stakeholders
still weak and lacking.
2. Objective: in developing NAMA
+ No encouraging policies to use Biogas to electric
generating, include policies providing credit,
electrical-grid connecting with incentive prices,
attract investment from private sector....
+ Financial capity of farm owners is limited. Lack
investment, and not able to approach with
preferentical credits. No financial support
mechanism.
5. Difficulties, challenges and sollutions(cont)
+ Cover biogas pools/tanks still not developed due to
practices, customs.
Using Biogas to generate electric is a new
techonology, in other hand current related
equipments/machineries are scattered/small, lacks
quality monitoring and management mechanisms.
+ The awareness about Biogas technology to electric
generating and reduce greenhouse gas is still low.
Lack convincing demonstration models
+ Lack of research related to biogas of livestock
wastes for electric generating.
5. Difficulties, challenges and sollutions (cont)
Some proposals
1. Sharing project development experiance, build intersectoral
cooperation: Agricultural, industrial and enviroment in
developing Nama biogas.
2. Build 1-2 demonstration models on electric generating
biogas for pig farm.
3. Implement research related to biogas of livestock wastes for
electric generating.
4. Review and recommen policies that support Biogas for
electric generating. Including financial policies.
5. Popularize to improve the awareness of related parties on
NAMA. Including farm owners and private investors.
Thank and hoping to receive
feedback from you