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King Henry VIII wants divorce from his wife
Catherine of Aragon
Annulment = church says marriage never
happened
Catherine of Aragon is aunt to HRE Charles V
-> pope can’t afford to offend him
Pope refused to grant annulment
King’s men -> Thomas Cranmer and Thomas
Cromwell are ordered to make the divorce
happen
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Parliament passes law saying religious courts
can’t appeal to Rome -> this abolishes papal
authority in England
Cranmer grants annulment and Henry’s secret
marriage to Anne Bolyn is made legit
THE ACT OF SUPREMACY 1534 = King is
made head of the new Church of England
Thomas More refuse to go along with this is
put on trial for treason and executed
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Monarch is head of the new church
Monasteries are abolished
Land and possessions of the monasteries is
confiscated by the king
King is enriched by this and shares the wealth
to gain more aristocratic support
The church of England is no longer Catholic ->
but it still looks and acts Catholic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Catherine of Aragon -> divorce
Anne Boleyn -> beheaded
Jane Seymour -> produces male heir -> she dies
in childbirth
Anne of Cleves -> painting -> ugly -> divorce
Catherine Howard -> beheaded
Catherine Parr -> outlives Henry
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Child king -> 9 years old -> sickly
Regent/regency
Protestants control the king -> want the Church
of England to look and act more Protestant and
less Roman Catholic
1. clerical marriage
2. elimination of images
3. BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER
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Edward dies at 15 and is succeeded by his half
sister Mary Tudor
Mary was a hardcore militant Catholic
Restores the Catholic church in England
Orders the burning at the stake of hundreds of
protestants -> gets the name “bloody Mary”
All of Mary actions push people away from the
Catholic Church and towards Protestantism
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John Calvin
Institutes of the Christian Religion –
Absolute sovereignty of God
Predestination
The elect
Calvinism -> dynamic and activist faith
Calvinism -> militant crusading Protestantism
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Geneva becomes the center of Calvinism
THE CONSISTORY -> ruling body made up the
town’s ministers
Strict enforcement of religious and moral purity
No excessive drinking, no gambling, must attend
church, no criticism of ministers
Geneva attracts protestant missionaries who
spread Calvinism
Calvinism spreads to France, the Netherlands,
Scotland, and central and parts of eastern Europe
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The Reformation had an impact on all areas of
social life
Family
Education
Popular religious practices
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Celibacy -> marriage -> procreation
Protestantism celebrated the family and loving
relationship between man and wife
Protestants maintained the old views of man as
the head of the household and women good
wives and mothers
Education for both boys and girls -> literacy ->
in order to read the bible
Protestant Reformation did not change
women’s subordinate/lower position in society
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Protestant reformers adopted the classical
emphasis of humanist schools
Expanded the base of who was educated -> in
favor of state funded education for most
Education for protestants = literacy = ability to
read the bible
Protestants abolished or limited
Indulgences
Veneration of saints and relics
Pilgrimages
Monasteries
Clerical celibacy
Statues
Religious processions, parades, carnivals
Saints’ day
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In some places attempts to ban
Taverns
Plays
Dancing
Christmas celebration
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