Lang, J. W. B, Kersting, M., Hülsheger, U. R. & Lang, J. (in press). General mental ability, narrower cognitive abilities,
and job performance: The perspective of the nested-factors model of cognitive abilities. Personnel Psychology.
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=/"%$I%#Y0')FELH%J)E$')K"E$-'%003I"'%'0,I,&%$'$"&%),E#'+")F""#'!(*'%#6')K"'#%$$EF"$'
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+-'C,43$"'.*1'=/"%$I%#,%#')K"E$,"0'%003I"')K%)')K"'0K%$"6'G%$,%#J"'+")F""#')K"'!(*'
I"%03$"'%#6')K"'I"%03$"'EH')K"'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-'JEI/&")"&-'+"&E#40')E'!(*N'A#&-')K"'
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)K"',I/E$)%#J"'EH'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-'JE#0)$3J)0',#'TE+'/"$HE$I%#J"N'C,43$"'.8',&&30)$%)"0')K,0'/E,#)N'
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'
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,#J$"I"#)%&'G%&,6,)-'%#%&-0,0N'9#'JE#63J),#4')K,0')-/"'EH'%#%&-0,01'E#"'H,$0)'J%$$,"0'E3)'%'$"4$"00,E#'
%#%&-0,0'F,)K')K"'!(*'I"%03$"'%0')K"'/$"6,J)E$'%#6')K"'TE+'/"$HE$I%#J"'I"%03$"'%0')K"'
J$,)"$,E#N';K,0'%#%&-0,0'/$EG,6"0'%#'"0),I%)"'EH')K"'G%$,%#J"'!(*'"W/&%,#0',#'TE+'/"$HE$I%#J"'
H$EI')K"'/"$0/"J),G"'EH'=/"%$I%#,%#')K"E$,"0N'9#')K"'#"W)'0)"/1'E#"'%660')K"'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'
%+,&,)-')E')K"'$"4$"00,E#'%#%&-0,0'%0'%'0"JE#6'/$"6,J)E$N';K"',#J$"I"#)%&'JK%#4"',#'Ri')K"#'-,"&60'
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+"')K"'$"03&)'EH'!(*N'9#'&,#"'F,)K'=/"%$I%#,%#')K"E$,"01'E#&-'G%$,%#J"')K%)')K"'#%$$EF"$'%+,&,)-'
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X3"0),E#N'DE#0,0)"#)&-1'"I/,$,J%&'0)36,"0'JE#63J)"6'+-'/"$0E##"&'/0-JKE&E4-'$"0"%$JK"$0'K%G"'
HE3#6')K%)'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'"W/&%,#'E#&-'%'0I%&&'%IE3#)'EH',#J$"I"#)%&'G%$,%#J"',#'TE+'
/"$HE$I%#J"'U0""'2""'_'D%$$"))%1'SZZS1'HE$'%')KE$E34K'$"G,"FVN';K"'I%TE$,)-'EH')K"'$"/E$)"6'
0)36,"0'30"6')K"'!"#"$%&'*+,&,)-';"0)'8%))"$-'U!*;8V'%#6')K"'*$I"6'CE$J"0'jEJ%),E#%&'*/),)36"'
8%))"$-'U*=j*8V')E'%00"00'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0N';-/,J%&&-1')K"0"'0)36,"0'JE#J&36"')K%)')K"'
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G%$,%#J"'UJHN'2""1'<%$&"0'_';"%JKE3)1'.[[dVN'!(*1',#'JE#)$%0)1')-/,J%&&-'"W/&%,#0'IE$"')K%#'SZk'
EH')K"'G%$,%#J"',#'TE+'/"$HE$I%#J"',#')K"0"'0)36,"0'U2""'_'D%$$"))%1'SZZSa'2""'")'%&N1'.[[dVN'
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5E&f,#4"$'_'=F,#"HE$61'.[^\a'5E&f,#4"$'_'=F,#"HE$61'.[^ga'2,#60OE/H'_'2E0"1'.[\\a';K3$0)E#"1'
.[dda'e3#4'")'%&N1'.[[[VN';K"'H,$0)'%003I/),E#',0')K%)')FE'6,HH"$"#)')-/"0'EH'H%J)E$0'6,$"J)&-'
"W/&%,#'G%$,%#J"',#'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-')"0)07'!(*'%#6'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-'H%J)E$0N'
*JJE$6,#4&-1'"%JK'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-')"0)'K%0')FE'H%J)E$'&E%6,#407'A#"'&E%6,#4'E#'!(*1'%#6'E#"'
&E%6,#4'E#'%'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-'H%J)E$N';K"'0"JE#6'%003I/),E#'EH')K"'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'
!"#"$%&'("#)%&'*+,&,)-'''''g'
'
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%'K,4K"$LE$6"$'H%J)E$N'9#')K"'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'IE6"&1'!(*'%#6'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-'H%J)E$0'
E#&-'6,HH"$',#')K"'#3I+"$'EH'I%#,H"0)',#6,J%)E$0'U%+,&,)-')"0)0VN';K,0'JE#J"/)3%&,f%),E#'JE#H,$I0')E'
53I/K$"-0Y'U.[\.V'G,"F'EH')K"'JE#J"/)3%&'6,0),#J),E#'+")F""#'!(*'%#6'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'
%+,&,),"0'Ue3#4'")'%&N1'.[[[VN'53I/K$"-0'U.[\.V'#E)"6')K%)'l8$"%6)K',0')K"'O"-'JE#J"/)1'#E)'
03+E$6,#%),E#Nl'U//N'[Zn[.VN';K,0'JE#J"/)3%&,f%),E#'K%0',I/E$)%#)')K"E$"),J%&',I/&,J%),E#0N'*0'%'
$"03&)'EH')K"'I,00,#4'J%30%&'$"&%),E#'+")F""#'!(*'%#6'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0',#')K"'#"0)"6L
H%J)E$0'IE6"&1'0K%$"6'G%$,%#J"'+")F""#'!(*'%#6'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'6E"0'#E)'
#"J"00%$,&-'+"&E#4')E'!(*N'9#0)"%61'0K%$"6'G%$,%#J"'+")F""#'!(*'%#6'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'
%+,&,),"0'J%#'/E)"#),%&&-'+"'%))$,+3)"6')E'!(*1'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"01'E$'+E)KN'
Link to the Higher-Order Model
;K"E$"),J%&&-1'%'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'IE6"&'J%#',#J&36"'%&&'/E00,+&"'JE$$"&%),E#0'+")F""#')K"'
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,#)"$/$")%),E#'EH')K"'H%J)E$'&E%6,#40'UD%$$E&&1'.[[`V'%#6')E'$"63J"')K"'JEI/&"W,)-'EH')K"'IE6"&'
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E$)KE4E#%&,f"61')K"'H%J)E$'&E%6,#40'EH')K"'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'IE6"&'%$"'H%,$&-'0,I,&%$')E'H%J)E$'
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)$%#0HE$I0')K"'&E%6,#40'EH'%'K,4K"$LE$6"$'IE6"&'0E')K%)'!(*'%#6')K"'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'
K%G"'E$)KE4E#%&'&E%6,#40'&,O"',#')K"'E$)KE4E#%&,f"6'G"$0,E#'EH')K"'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'IE6"&'UD%$$E&&1'
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.[[[VN''
Arguments Supporting the Nested-Factors Model
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'
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)K"'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'IE6"&'EG"$'=/"%$I%#,%#')K"E$,"0'E$'G,J"'G"$0%'K%0'&E#4'+""#'$%$"'%#6')K"'
)FE'JE#J"/)3%&,f%),E#0'JE#0"X3"#)&-'K%G"'+""#'JE"W,0),#4',#'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,)-'$"0"%$JK'HE$'%'
JE#0,6"$%+&"'),I"N'2"J"#)')K"E$"),J%&'FE$O1'KEF"G"$1'X3"0),E#0'0EI"'EH')K"'%003I/),E#0'EH')K"'
=/"%$I%#,%#')K"E$,"0'$"4%$6,#4')K"'$"&%),E#'+")F""#'!(*'%#6')K"'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'
U8&%,$1'SZZ]a'G%#'6"$'(%%0'")'%&N1'SZZ]VN'*0')K"'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'JE#J"/)3%&,f%),E#'I%O"0'H"F"$'
%003I/),E#0'E#')K"'$"&%),E#'+")F""#'!(*'%#6'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"01')K"'#"0)"6LH%J)E$0'
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)K%)'0K%$"6'G%$,%#J"'%IE#4'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'J%#'%&0E'$"03&)'H$EI')K"',#)"$%J),E#'EH'#%$$EF"$'
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)K%)'0I%&&'$%#6EI'%6G%#)%4"0',#',#,),%&'$"0E3$J"0'U4"#"),J'E$'"#G,$E#I"#)%&V'HE$'JE4#,),G"'
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Relative Importance Analyses
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+"'#"4&,4,+&"'FK"#'%'JE#0,6"$%+&"'#3I+"$'EH')"0)0',0'30"6N'*0'0"G"$%&'%3)KE$0'U@"#0"#'_'M"#41'
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!"#"$%&'("#)%&'*+,&,)-'''''^Z'
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%'/"$H"J)'&,#"%$'JEI/E0,)"0'EH')K"'B(*'E/"$%),E#%&,f%),E#0'U30,#4')K"'HE$I3&%'+-'>3##%&&-'%#6'
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B(*0'%#6'MvUwN[`',#')K"'I%)$,W'30,#4'E#&-'I%$O"$')"0)0')E'E/"$%),E#%&,f"')K"'B(*0N';K,0'&"G"&'
EH'JE$$"0/E#6"#J"',0'0,I,&%$')E'!(*n!(*'JE$$"&%),E#0'JEIIE#&-'HE3#6',#'0)36,"0'JEI/%$,#4'
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&,O"&-'"#%+&"'$"0"%$JK"$0')E'"HH"J),G"&-'6"%&'F,)K')K"'0,#43&%$LI%)$,W'/$E+&"IN''
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/E)"#),%&'0JE/"'EH'%//&,J%),E#0'HE$')K"'/$E/E0"6'%//$E%JKN'DE#0"X3"#)&-1'%'30"H3&'%G"#3"'HE$'
H3)3$"'$"0"%$JK'FE3&6'+"')E'6"G"&E/'0)%),0),J%&'I")KE6E&E4-')K%)'%66$"00"0')K,0'&,I,)%),E#'%#6'
%&&EF0'$"0"%$JK"$0')E'"0),I%)"'$"&%),G"'F",4K)0'%#6uE$'4"#"$%&'6EI,#%#J"'F",4K)0'"G"#'FK"#'
)K"'3#6"$&-,#4'I%)$,W',0'0,#43&%$N''
Practical Implications
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!"#"$%&'("#)%&'*+,&,)-'''''^.'
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,#)"$G,"F01'FE$OL0%I/&"')"0)01'E$'$"03I"0'U*#6"$0E#'_'M,)G&,")1'SZZ\a'=)",#"$'_'!,&&,&%#61'.[[]VN'
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%#)"J"6"#)0'EH'/E0,),G"'%//&,J%#)'$"%J),E#0'U!,&&,&%#61'.[[^a'5%30O#"JK)1'?%-1'_';KEI%01'SZZdVN'
*JJE$6,#4&-1'JKEE0,#4'/$"6,J)E$'I"%03$"0'%JJE$6,#4')E'FK%)'%//&,J%#)0'/$"H"$',0',I/E$)%#)'HE$'
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I%#%4"$0'E$'0)%O"KE&6"$0V'%#6'JEI+,#"')K,0',#HE$I%),E#'F,)K'"I/,$,J%&'H,#6,#40'H$EI')K"'/$"0"#)'
%#6'/E)"#),%&'H3)3$"'0)36,"0'E#')K"'$"&%),G"',I/E$)%#J"'EH'JE$$"0/E#6,#4'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0N';K,0'
,#HE$I%),E#'J%#')K"#'+"'30"6')E'0"&"J)'/$"6,J)E$0'U,N"N1'#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0V'F,)K'%#'
E/),I%&'+%&%#J"'+")F""#'+E)K'J$,)"$,%N'''
Study Limitations
!"#"$%&'("#)%&'*+,&,)-'''''^S'
'
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)K%)')K"'B(*0'6E'#E)'I%/')K"'H3&&'%#6'F,6"'$%#4"'EH'%&&'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'F,)K'$"0/"J)')E'+E)K'
JE#)"#)'%#6'&"G"&'EH'0/"J,H,J,)-'UJHN'D%$$E&&1'.[[^VN';K"'B(*0'%$"'E#&-'E#"'EH')K"'I%#-'IE6"&0'EH'
#%$$EF"$'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'U%&+",)'%'G"$-'03JJ"00H3&'E#"V')K%)'K%G"'+""#'/$E/E0"6',#')K"'
&,)"$%)3$"N''
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#%),E#'0E')K%)')K"'H,#6,#40'I%-'#E)'+"'4"#"$%&,f%+&"')E'E)K"$')"0)0',#'E)K"$'#%),E#0N'5EF"G"$1'
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H"%)3$"0'/$EI,#"#)&-',#'!"$I%#'U5R&0K"4"$'")'%&N1'SZZ]1'SZZgV'%#6'<3$E/"%#'I")%L%#%&-0"0'
U=%&4%6E1'*#6"$0E#1'(E0JE0E1'8"$)3%1'_'6"C$3-)1'SZZ^a'=%&4%6E1'*#6"$0E#1'(E0JE0E1'8"$)3%1'
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J$,)"$,%N';K"0"'I")%L%#%&-0"0'K%G"'4"#"$%&&-'$"/E$)"6'$"03&)0'0,I,&%$')E')KE0"'$"/E$)"6'+-'>E$)K'
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)"0)0N''
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=%JO"))'_':,"G"#01'SZZ\V1'U+V'JE3#)"$/$E63J),G"'FE$O'+"K%G,E$'U"N4N1'?,&JK"$)1'A#"01'?%G,01'_'
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>"%&1'_'B%$O"$1'SZZga'M"&+E3$#"1'@EK#0E#1'_'<$"f1'.[[\V1'%#6'U"V',##EG%),G"'/"$HE$I%#J"'
U5R&0K"4"$1'*#6"$0E#1'_'=%&4%6E1'SZZ[a'M"&+E3$#"'")'%&N1'.[[\VN'>E)'%&&'EH')K"0"'J$,)"$,%'%$"'
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+"K%G,E$'K%0'/$EG,6"6'#E'"G,6"#J"'HE$'%'03+0)%#),G"'$"&%),E#'+")F""#'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'%#6'
J,),f"#0K,/'+"K%G,E$'UMvU”NZga'8%$)$%I1'SZZ`a':"B,#"'_'G%#'?-#"1'SZZ.V1'%#6'$"0"%$JK'E#'
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"HH"J)0'U2E+"$)01'5%$I01'D%0/,1'_'(EHH,))1'SZZgVN'>"G"$)K"&"001',)',0'&,O"&-'H$3,)H3&')E',#JE$/E$%)"'
E$4%#,f%),E#%&'J,),f"#0K,/'+"K%G,E$'%#6'JE3#)"$/$E63J),G"'FE$O'+"K%G,E$'%0'F"&&'%0'E)K"$'
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6,I"#0,E#0')E'JE4#,),G"'%+,&,),"0'+"JEI"0'%G%,&%+&"N''
Conclusion
!"#"$%&'("#)%&'*+,&,)-'''''^^'
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0)36-'&"%$#,#4',#'%#'%63&)'0%I/&"N'Journal of Educational Psychology, 981'^]]n^\.N'
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Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 291'.Z[n.]ZN'
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Psychological Bulletin, 691'.].n.\SN'
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53#)"$1'@N'<N1'_'=JKI,6)1'CN':N'USZZdVN'Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in
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