UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN-
FIXING MICROORGANISMS BY
LARVAE OF HIGHER DIPTERA
FAMILIES INVOLVED
• 1. EPHYDRIDAE (SHORE FLIES)
• 2. PLATYSTOMATIDAE (PICTUREWINGED FLIES)
• 3. MICROPEZIDAE ()
EPHYDRIDAE
(SHORE FLIES)
TRIBE HYADININI
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
GENUS HYADINA
GENUS LYTOGASTER
GENUS PHILYGRIA
GENUS NOSTIMA
GENUS AXYSTA
GENUS PELINA
CYANOBACTERIA ARE COMMON
ON MOIST SOILS
BIOLOGY OF HYADINA
BIOLOGY OF LYTOGASTER
BIOLOGY OF PHILYGRIA
BIOLOGY OF NOSTIMA
BIOLOGY OF AXYSTA
BIOLOGY OF PELINA
PLATYSTOMATIDAE
(PICTURE-WINGED FLIES)
• A LARGELY TROPICAL FAMILY,
PARTICULARLY IN THE ORIENT AND
AFRICA
• ONLY FOUR GENERA AND SOME ??
SPECIES IN THE NEW WORLD
THE GENUS RIVELLIA
• 1. A WORLD-WIDE GENUS OF OVER
100 SPECIES THAT FEED ON THE
NITROGEN-FIXING NODULES OF
LEGUMES
• 2. SOME ARE ECONOMICALLY
DAMAGING TO SOYBEAN AND COW
PEA
• 3. MANY SPECIES FEED ON NATIVE
SPECIES OF FAMILY LEGUMINOSAE
RIVELLIA PALLIDA LARVAE ATTACK NODULES
OF HOG PEANUT (AMPHICARPAEA)
RIVELLIA MELLIGINIS
FAMILY MICROPZIDAE
• 1. A WIDELY DISTRIBUTED FAMILY OF
SOME ? SPECIES
• 2. SOME ? GENERA AND ? SPECIES IN
AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
• 3. GENUS MICROPEZA HAS ONLY ?
SPECIES IN NORTH AMERICA BUT
SOME ? SPECIES IN THE AMERICAS
SOUTH OF THE UNITED STATES
LARVAE ATTACK ROOT NODULES
OF TREE AND SHRUB LEGUMES
DISTRIBUTION OF
MICROPEZA LINEATA
WILD LICORICE
(GLYCYRRHIZA LEPIOTA)
DISTRIBUTION OF WILD LICORICE
ROOT NODULES ON WILD LICORICE