DETAILED ENERGY AUDIT REPORT
Study conducted at
RAIL BHAVAN, NEW DELHI
REPORT NO.: BEE/EA/02/2002
JANUARY, 2003
Study conducted by
Consortium of Energy Auditors formed by
BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY,
Govt. of India,
MINISTRY OF POWER,
Hall no. 4, 2nd floor, NBCC tower, 15,
Bhikaji Cama Place, NEW DELHI – 110 066.
1
CONSORTIUM OF ENERGY AUDITORS
Formed by
BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY
REPORT NO.: BEE/EA/02/2002
STUDY :
Detailed Energy Audit of
RAIL BHAVAN, NEW DELHI
STUDY
EXECUTED BY :
S. JOTHIBASU
PANKAJ M KASTURE
MANOJ KUMAR DUBEY
KAUSHIK BHATTACHARGEE
SHAILESH SHRIVASTAVA
DATE OF
PUBLICATION:
CPRI, ERC, Trivandrum
Thermax EPS Ltd., Pune
DSCL Energy Services, New Delhi
TERI, New Delhi
NPC, New Delhi
JANUARY, 2003
BUREAU OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY,
Government of India,
MINISTRY OF POWER,
Hall no. 4, 2nd floor, NBCC tower, 15,
Bhikaji Cama Place, NEW DELHI – 110 066.
Phone: 2617 9699; Fax: 011-2617 8357
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Consortium of Energy auditors and Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE),
Govt. of India, New Delhi are thankful to the Management of Rail Bhavan,
New Delhi for extending their valuable co-operation.
The excellent co-operation, extensive support and valuable help provided by
Shri. Anoop Kumar Gupta, Director-Electrical Engg. (PS) and Shri. N. C. Gaur,
SSE-Power supply and Shri. Somnath, Ele. Supdt. And Shri. Chote Lal,
Technician and all other Engineers & Staffs of Rail Bhavan, New Delhi, in
carrying out the study is gratefully acknowledged.
3
CONTENTS
Sl.
No.
Contents
Page
No.
Executive summary
1.0 Preamble
2.0 Introduction
3.0 Energy source and distribution
4.0 Study Results
4.1
DG set
4.2
Lighting system
4.3
Water pumping system
4.4
Canteen
4.5
HVAC system
4.6
Energy usage pattern
5.0 Conclusions
Annexure I : Electrical single line diagram
Annexure II : Monthly energy consumption for last
2 years & energy consumption pattern
Annexure III : Inventory details at Rail Bhavan
Annexure IV : Electrical power in various DBs
Annexure V : Measured power of pumps
Annexure VI : Performance of ACs
Annexure VII : Saving calculation
Annexure VIII : M&V protocol
4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF SAVINGS IN RAIL BHAVAN
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency [BEE] has entrusted to consortium of energy
auditors for conduct energy audit at Rail Bhavan. Consortium of Energy auditors
conducted the study during Nov. 2002-Jan. 2003.
Following are the major
energy saving potential, identified during the study.
1.0
Lighting system
The present energy consumption in the lighting system at Rail Bhavan is
4,56,000 kWh/Year which translates to Rs. 29.05 lakhs per annum. The
anticipated energy saving due to the recommended measures are 1,50,484
kWh/year (replacement with electronic ballast & high lumen tubes and delamping), which translates to a saving of Rs 9.59 lakhs per annum. About 33 %
saving are envisaged in the annual cost of the energy used for lighting systems.
2.0
Canteen
Presently about 360 LPG cylinders (14 kg capacity each) are used only for water
heating and 27,216 kWh of electrical energy for water heating requirement in the
canteen/Annum. It is proposed to replace this LPG and electrical heater with
solar water heating system, of capacity 4,500 LPD. This will lead to a savings of
2.97 lakhs per year [1.23 lakhs from LPG Heating and 1.74 Lakhs from electrical
heating]. The investment on the solar water heating system will be around Rs.
8.0 lakhs and the pay back period is 2.7 years.
3.0 Pumping system
The present energy consumption for the pumping system at Rail Bhavan is
24,000 kWh/Year which translates to Rs. 1.53 lakhs per annum. The anticipated
energy saving due to the recommended measure is 5,093 kWh/year
(replacement with a new monoblock pump set, having a system efficiency of 60
%), which translates to a saving of Rs 0.32 lakhs per annum.
5
4.0 HVAC system
The present energy consumption HVAC system at Rail Bhavan is 9,36,000
kWh/Year which translates to Rs. 59.62 lakhs per annum. The anticipated energy
saving due to the recommended measures are 4,16,000 kWh/year (introduction
of central AC system & room heating, through hot water generated from LDO),
which translates to a saving of Rs 26.5 lakhs per annum. About 44 % saving are
envisaged in the annual cost of the energy used for HVAC systems.
The summary of overall saving is given as a Table below.
6
Summary of Energy Saving
Sl.
Area
No
1
Lighting
2
Pumping system
3
Canteen LPG heating
4
Canteen electrical heating
5
HVAC system
6
Total
Saving potential / Year
Capital investment,
Simp
pe
kWh
Rs. Lakhs
%
Rs. Lakhs
1,50,484
9.59
33
24.85
5,093
0.32
19
0.30
5,040 kg of LPG
1.23
25
27,261
1.74
57
8.0
4,16,000
26.50 [a]
44
130.0
5,98,838 &
39.38
25
163.15
5,040 kg of LPG
[a]: Annual running cost for LDO (16,998 kg/year) & electricity are deducted.
Note: Energy cost Rs. 6.37/kWh & LPG cost Rs. 24.5/kg.
By optimizing the loading pattern & operational time of various loads,
about 10-12 % yearly energy consumption can be reduced/controlled.
7
1.0 PREAMBLE
During August 2002, honourable Prime Minister has announced in one of the
meeting (organised in New Delhi) that all Govt. Organisations should bring down
their energy consumption by 30 % and private organisations by 20 %, over a
period of next 5 years, by conducting comprehensive energy audit studies in their
premises and followed by implementation of the suggestions/recommendations
arising out of the study.
As a first step towards implementing the above, Bureau of Energy Efficiency
(BEE), New Delhi was given the task of identifying and executing the above
study in 10-13 Govt. buildings and also high security buildings.
In this
connection, BEE has formed no. of teams, consisting of energy auditors and
Energy service companies (ESCOs) to conduct the comprehensive energy audit
study simultaneously in the above buildings. Rail Bhavan is one of the building
identified for the study.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Rail Bhavan is the office building of Ministry of Railways where planning,
decisions regarding operation and control of entire Railway network in the
country are carried out. The built-up area of the building is 2,910 square metres
and there are about 4,850 employees. The regular office timing is 9.00 hours to
17.00 hours and five a week operation.
It is highly appreciable that the officials of Rail Bhavan have introduced 515 nos.
of 11 W CFLs for corridor lighting and also modified the passenger lift system
with microprocessor-based system as an energy conservation measures.
3.0 ENERGY SOURCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The Energy demand for the facility is met from Electricity, LPG and diesel. Major
source of energy is electricity and LPG is used for cooking in canteen. Diesel is
used to run the emergency Generator set. The total connected load in the facility
is 2,187 kW and the load distribution is shown below. The sanctioned load is
1,210 kW.
8
Total load is 2187 kW
Computer,
etc.
7%
Lifts
2%
Lighting
Room coolers 9%
4%
Fans
3%
Roomheaters
28%
Canteen
2%
Pumps
1%
AC
44%
Distribution of connected load
The load distribution during summer and winter seasons were analysed and
given below.
Load distribution during summer
Room coolers
6%
Light ing
Fans
16%
4%
Comput er, et c.
9%
Lif t s
Cant een
3%
3%
AC
Pumps
57%
2%
Total load is 1053 kW
Load distribution during w inter
Light ing
23%
Comput er,
et c.
13%
Roomheat ers
Lif t s
4%
54%
Cant een
4%
Pumps
2%
Total load is 750 kW
Based on the operating power & duration of running of various loads, the annual
energy consumption for various loads were established and depicted below. It is
seen that AC accounts for 32 %.
9
Annual energy consumption is 24 lakh units
Fans
2%
Roomheaters
7%
Room
coolers
3%
Lighting
19%
AC
32%
After office
hours &
holidays
loads
21%
Computer,
etc.
Lifts
11%
2%
Canteen
2%
Pumps
1%
Yearly energy consumption for various loads
The Facility is getting electrical power supply from New Delhi Municipal Council
(NDMC) at 11 kV and also having two Diesel generator set of 500KVA & 166KVA
capacity as a back up supply. The power is distributed through three step down
(11,000/415 V) transformers of 750 kVA each. Presently two transformer are
working and one is standby. There are five interconnected LT bus for distribution
of power, out of which three are for power and two for emergency loads like
lighting and lifts. Normally all five LT bus are energized from NDMC power supply
and in case of failure of power supply, the DG sets are started and only the two
emergency panel are energized. (Annexure #1 - Single line diagram)
The monthly energy consumption details for the last two years are provided in
Annexure II.
The daily energy consumption pattern for last the two years is shown below
(Graph # 1). It is evident from the above graph that energy consumption is
almost double during the summer period May–September because of cooling
need (Air conditioners, fans and air coolers). The usage pattern is almost similar
with slight upward variation of 3% for the last two years except for the dip in the
month of June 02 which is due to increased usage of emergency power from
Diesel generating sets due to power cuts.
10
Energy consumption /day
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
Year 01
Year02
2000
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Months
Study has been conducted during winter season hence there was no AC load.
During the study period, the electrical power was measured over a period of 24
hours and it was found that the peak demand of the facility in winter is around
550 KW and the minimum demand is 63 KW (during night time).
Power consumption and power factor variation plot for 24 hours (graph # 2)
550
0.85
500
Power in kw
450
Power Factor
0.80
0.75
400
0.70
350
0.65
300
0.60
250
0.55
200
0.50
150
0.40
8A
7A
6A
M
9A
M
10
A
M
11
A
M
12
M
D
1P
M
2P
M
3P
M
4P
M
5P
M
6P
M
7P
M
8P
M
9P
M
10
Pm
11
PM
12
M
N
1A
M
2A
M
3A
M
4A
M
5A
M
50
M
0.45
M
100
It is very evident from the graph#2 that average load during working time (10AM
to 6PM) is around 430 kW and peak demand of 550 kW occurs during lunch time
(12.30PM–1.30PM) this is because of heavy usage of lift by the staff and heating
food articles in the canteen.
11
Graph #2 also shows the variation in power factor from low loads to peak loads
and it is very low at light loads. The average power factor during the night time
from 7PM to 7AM is 0.6 and during the working time (i.e. 10AM to 6PM) it is 0.79.
4.0 STUDY RESULTS
The study results are presented in the following sections.
4.1 DG set
The plant has two DG sets (166 kVA x 1 no. & 500 kVA x 1 no.) which are run
only during NDMC power failure.
. During the course of the study, it was
observed that the loading of the two DG sets were less than 50% and the 500
kVA DG set is sufficient to cater to the load requirement during winter season
(loading pattern during summer has to be observed). Trials were taken and the
plant authority has taken the decision to run only one DG set hence optimized
the DG loading.
The NDMC power supply is quite reliable and the DG sets are operated
occasionally for smaller duration hence further study on DG was not required.
4.2 Lighting system
Adequate and proper lighting contributes both directly and indirectly towards
productivity and safety, and towards providing an improved work atmosphere. In
fact, all these are inter-related and complimentary to each other. There are
several factors which contribute towards proper lighting and it would be very
difficult to deal with all of them when providing general illumination to a large
area. However, all efforts were made to study and include these factors.
To study, analyze and identify energy conservation options in lighting, a study of
the plant lighting load was conducted. The purpose of the study was to determine
the lighting load and its distribution in various sections of the Building, determine
the quality of illumination provided, and recommend measures to improve
illumination and reduce electricity consumption.
12
A high quality and accurate digital lux meter was used to measure the
illumination level at various sections of the building during working hours. Other
performance indicators such as type of lamps used, type of luminaries, mounting
height, physical condition of lamps and luminaries, use of day lighting, etc. were
also noted down.
4.2.1 Lighting inventory and lux level
To determine the total lighting load, a physical count of the number of light
fixtures provided in different floor of the Building was carried out. It was found
during the survey that mainly twin 40-W fluorescent tube light have been used in
the building.
The illumination level was also measured primarily at working planes at various
rooms of the building. Care was taken to reduce the effect of day lighting while
taking the measurements. The recorded inventory and measured illumination
levels in the facility are provided in Annexure III along with the list of numbers of
light fittings installed.
Based on the measured lux levels, it was found that about 65% of the
measurement points shown Lux level of less then 100 and the lighting level
lux distribution
distribution is depicted below.
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
50
50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250
lux level
It is clear from the above Figure that about 50% of the measured illumination
level falls in the range between 50 to 100 lux. It is evident that more than 65% of
lighting points have lux level less than 100 and 35% more than 100 lux level.
Therefore improvement in lux levels would be one of the major thrust areas of
improvement in the illumination system.
13
It could be seen from Table A of Annexure III that the second floor accounts for
the highest numbers of installed fitting as well as highest lighting lux level in the
building.
Major reasons for poor illumination levels are as follows

Poor reflectors / no reflector installed for the tube lights

Large height of installed fittings from the working plane

Reduction in lumen due to ageing

Improper design of furniture and seating arrangement
4.2.2 Setting baseline in lighting system
Metering and monitoring are the major activities of any energy audit and the
results of energy audit are based on the quality of data collected and
measurements carried out. For realizable energy savings care should be taken
during audit period so that after implementation of energy saving measures
saving should be measurable.
In Rail Bhavan, the electrical distribution (Annexure –I) of Lighting load is in
emergency bus along with the lift loads. From emergency bus bar, it goes to
each floor and each wing then further distributed from Distribution board. Total
lighting load measurement at single point and floor wise was envisaged but due
to lifts load and some wings of ground floor and second floors are getting supply
from 1st floor lighting circuit, the circuit could not be segregated from lift loads. It
was also informed by the Rail Bhavan authority that possibility of small mixed
loads like computer, AC may also be there in the circuit .
The power distribution in each floor was measured and given in Annexure IV.
To arrive at per tube light power consumption, measurements at following
different points were carried out .
1. Floor wise (ground,1st and second floor metering at different wings at
different DB’s)
2. Incoming feeder of emergency bus
3. lighting DB of conference hall
14
4. Single tube light
Particulars
Ground &1st floor
Power in No.
of Per
tube Remarks
KW
tube light consumption
in watts
55
1126
48.8
Mostly lighting loads
Emergency panel
209 -280*
3438
61 - 81
Lift loads included
Conference hall
4.45
96
46.4
Only lighting load
Single tube light
0.080
2
40
Only lighting load
*Variation is due to lift loads.
It is clear from the above table that variation in the consumption is from 40 watts
to 49 Watts (excluding the jerk from lifts) from the emergency panel. It was
informed by Rail Bhavan authority that apart from lift load, small load of AC,
computer and fax machine are also connected. Hence, if these loads can be
segregated from the emergency lighting panel, the total building load can
be measured at the incoming feeder of emergency panel. Variation in per
tube consumption from 40 watt to 46.4 Watt in pure lighting circuit is because of
poor power factor of 0.6 and number of tube-lights.
Based on measurements in pure lighting load circuit, power consumption per
tube light of 46.4 watt can be considered as base line and savings can be
measurable by slightly changing the present circuit for metering. Based on 46.4
watt, the total lighting load (40 W FTL) for 3,550 tube lights is around 164.7 kW.
4.2.3 Options for improvements in lighting system
The conventional fluorescent tube lights (FTLs) form a major portion of office lighting. There are almost 3,606 FTLs and
515 CFLs.
Lighting system accounts for 36,000 kWh per month of energy consumption.
Based on the
measurements and observations made during energy audit, the following options
have been evolved for reducing energy consumption as well as improvement in
lux levels in lighting system.
15
a. The tube lights energized at the outer windows in each room may be
put off when sufficient day light is available. The savings are difficult to
quantify.
b. In a few of the rooms (Room no. MSR 245, 243, 247, 249, 251 A &
252), tube light is energized (total 19 nos.) on the top of twin tube
fittings to illuminate the ceiling. It is suggested to remove such fittings.
It is also suggested to replace each 40 W tube light (standard FTL)
with high lumen tube light (36 W) with electronic ballast. This will
improvement the lux level substantially, which in turn may improve the
working efficiency of the employees because of better working
condition.
In order to improve the lux level further and to avoid
stroboscopic effect (as tube is above the fan), it is suggested that
fittings which are ceiling mounted should be transformed to suspended
one.
This care should be taken during the implementation of the
above.
The capital cost required for the modification is Rs. 24.85 Lakhs and energy
saving envisaged is 1,50,484 kWh/year and the pay back period is 2.59 years.
4.3 Water pumping system
At Rail bhavan, major portion of water is received from NDMC at pump house
where three pumps (1 x 10 HP submersible: 3-4 years old & 2 x 7.5 HP
centrifugal which are more than 30 years old) are installed to pump water to
overhead tanks from where it is distributed to various end use points. In addition
to the above, two tube well pumps (one at exit gate & other at Nursery) are
installed to supplement the water supply.
Initially, there was another 7. 5 HP centrifugal pump (in pump house) which was
later replaced by this submersible pump with casing being there and other piping
circuit remaining same. We brought to the notice of the Rail Bhavan officials that
the casing is stagnating the flow & affect the performance of the pump
considerably.
16
The electrical power consumption of various motor-pump units are measured and
given in Annexure V. The performance of the submersible pump at pump house
is evaluated and presented below.
Sl.No.
Particular
1 Rating of Pump
2 Electrical consumption
3 Flow rate
4 Delivery head
5 Delivery head
6 Total head
7 Motor-pump efficiency
Value
7.5
8.85
490.4
28
1.5
29.5
26.7
Unit
kW
kW
LPM
m
m
m
%
Remark
Measured
Measured
After Pr. Gauge
Before Pr. Gauge
Calculated
Calculated
It is seen from the Table that the overall efficiency is low. Hence, it is suggested
to replace the pump with a new mono-block pump set which will have an overall
efficiency of 60 %. The annual saving expected is 5,093 kWh. The investment is
Rs. 30,000- and the pay back period is 0.92 years.
Since the other pumps are run for 1-4 hours/day, further energy saving potential
is negligible.
4.4 Canteen
At Rail Bhavan, canteen facility (located at third floor) is provided for employees.
On an average 8,000 visitors (no. of visits of each employee) avail the facility, out
of which 1,000 visitors take lunch daily. Majority of the items in canteen are
being cooked using LPG. Electrical heaters are also being used for heating
water which in turn is used for various applications like tea/coffee warmer, for
making tea/coffee, plate washing, etc.. The details of loads at canteen in given
below.
Power
Operating
Consumption Hrs per
Sl.No.
Location
Application
(kW)
day
1 Third Floor Canteen
Tea warmer
2
7
2 Third Floor Canteen Coffee maker (3 no.)
2 each
7
Geyser for plate
3 Third Floor Canteen
washing (2 no.)
2 each
12
4 Second Floor - Pantry
Coffee maker
2
12
5 Second Floor - Pantry Boiler - milk heating
2
8 to 10
Working
days per
week
5
5
5
5
5
17
6
7
8
Second Floor - Pantry Boiler - Water heating
Second Floor - Pantry Boiler - Water heating
Second Floor - VIP
canteen
Water Heater
2
2x2 No.
8
8
5
5
2x2 No.
12
5
Since the requirement for heating is quite high, it is suggested to introduce solar
hot water system on the terrace of the building. It is established that each
100 litres capacity solar hot water system can save either 1500 kWh of
electricity per year or 195 kg of LPG per year (Source: MNES, 1998). The
capital cost for 4,500 litres capacity system is Rs. 8.0 lakhs, and the saving
envisaged is 5,040 kg of LPG and 27,216 kWh of electricity per year. The pay
back period is 2.70 years.
Use of electricity for heating application is not an efficient route. Hence, hot
water from solar system may be used to the maximum extent in place of
electrical heating. Even for heating of Milk, etc. LPG, is a better option than
electricity.
4.5 HVAC system
AC and room heaters are the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
provided in the facility.
4.5.1 Air conditioning system
The plant has installed 410 no. of 1.5 TR window air conditioners (AC) of various
make/model at different locations. There are also 1.5 TR x 9 no.; 4.3 TR x 10 no.
and 7.5 TR x 4 no. of split package units to cater to the cooling need. On an
average, these AC units are used 6 months in an year.
Sample measurement was taken on a few of the ACs and the results are given in
Annexure VI. Since there are lot of AC units in 1 st to 5th floor of the building and
air cooled AC systems consume more specific power, it is suggested to go for
centralized AC system with chilled water as secondary refrigerant. The plant
can be either installed on the terrace of the building or on the terrace of the ‘F’
18
wing. The chilled water line can pass through the existing ducting in the verandah
of each floor. Fan coil units (FCUs) with modulating motorized valves can be
installed to replace the existing units. In Ministers rooms, the existing AC units
may be retained so that the units may be run when the central plant is not
working, if required. 2x 200 TR screw chiller, which has better energy efficiency
both at full load & part load (0.46-0.66 kW/TR) is recommended. The feasibility
of the proposed system is to be considered in civil angle also.
4.5.2 Room heaters
Rail Bhavan has 435 nos. of room heaters of combination of 2 & 0.7 kW capacity
to use during winter season.
On an average, these heaters are used for 2
months in an year.
Use of electricity for heating application is not an efficient route. Hence, it
is suggested to install a light diesel oil (LDO) fired hot water generator on the
terrace of the building. The hot water can be circulated through the same water
circuit (of centralized AC system) sothat individual rooms are kept warm. The
capital cost of the system is Rs. 5.0 lakhs and the annual net cost saving is Rs.
5.0 lakhs.
4.6 Energy usage pattern
The energy consumption for different days in various months were collected;
plotted and depicted below. It is seen that there is 10-12 % variation in daily
energy consumption. This variation can be minimized/controlled by optimizing
the running of loads like lifts (operating minimum no. of lifts by increasing the
load factor), exhaust fan in toilets (through timer), etc..
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
19
Usage patten:10-12% variation in consumption
The saving calculation for various systems are presented in Annexure VII. The
proposed measurement & verification (M&V) protocol are provided in Annexure
VIII.
5.0 CONCLUSIONS
Presently, the average annual energy consumption is 24 lakh units. The possible
saving by implementing the proposed measures are 5.98 lakh units of electricity
& 5,040 kg of LPG used in canteen which comes to about 25 % reduction of
annual energy bill, at a capital investment of Rs. 163.15 Lakhs.
20
Annexure II: Monthly energy consumption detail for last two years.
kWh
Sl.No.
Month
From
To
Consumption Amount, Rs. Rs/kWH MWh/month
1 Nov. 2000
27-10-00 27-11-00
120763
712622
5.90
120.763
2 Dec 2001
27-11-00 27-12-00
113400
669166
5.90
113.4
3 Jan. 2001
27-12-00 30-01-01
177300
1046247
5.90
177.3
4 Febr 2001
30-01-01 26-02-01
116280
686153
5.90
116.28
5 March 2001 26-02-01 27-03-01
106560
628822
5.90
106.56
6 April
27-03-01 27-04-01
161400
952279
5.90
161.4
7 May 2001
27-04-01 31-05-01
290190
1711909
5.90
290.19
8 June 2001
31-05-01 28-06-01
250890
1480109
5.90
250.89
9 July 2001
28-06-01 27-07-01
267360
1577253
5.90
267.36
10 Augu 2001
27-07-01 21-08-01
227580
1342622
5.90
227.58
11 Sept 2001
22-08-01 27-09-01
323250
2059413
6.37
323.25
12 Oct 2001
27-09-01 30-10-01
199470
1270934
6.37
199.47
13 Nove. 2001 30-10-01 27-11-01
116640
743307
6.37
116.64
14 Dec - 2001
27-11-01 28-12-01
105527
672629
6.37
105.527
15 Jan -2002
28-12-01 28-01-02
164622
1049301
6.37
164.622
16 Febr 2002
28-01-02 26-02-02
127470
812494
6.37
127.47
17 March 2002 26-02--02 27-03-02
102210
651588
6.37
102.21
18 April
27-03-02 26-04-02
216840
1381781
6.37
216.84
19 May-02
26-04-02 26-05-02
308310
1964551
6.37
308.31
20 June 2002
26-05-02 28-06-02
247740
1578599
6.37
247.74
21 July 2002
28-06-02 29-07-02
347880
2216506
6.37
347.88
22 Aug 2002
29-07-02 29-08-02
275010
1752323
6.37
275.01
23 Sept 2002
29-08-02 30-09-02
240240
1530839
6.37
240.24
24 Oct 2002
30-09-02 30-10-02
181650
1157621
6.37
181.65
21
Annexure – I : Single line electrical power distribution diagram.
DG SETS
500
KVA
NDMC
166
KVA
750
KVA
750
KVA
750
KVA
LIGHT & LIFTS
POWER
22
23
Annexure IV
Measured electrical parameters at various DB's for Lighting.
Sl.
No. Floor
Wing
1 Ground floor D
2 First Floor
D
Power
Voltage, V Current, A factor Power, kW
232
22.7
0.88 4.7
235
2.29
0.61 0.32
234
5.92
0.59 0.8
232
232
232
0.38
25.5
28.9
0.98
0.72
0.7
0.086
4.3
4.7
231
235
235
26.3
0.19
15.1
0.66
0.67
0.68
4
0.03
2.4
4 Ground Floor C
231
234
235
0.08
0.36
0.11
0.17
0.97
0.75
0.003
0.081
0.018
5 First Floor
233
233
234
20.4
27.2
23.2
0.64
0.74
0.72
3
4.7
3.9
231
233
233
22
39
43.1
0.66
0.65
0.72
3.4
5.9
7.3
Conference
7 Second Floor Hall
233
234
233
9.27
8.65
15.2
0.51
0.51
0.52
1.1
1.03
1.96
Ground
&
3 First Floor
C&D
C
Ground
&
6 First Floor
A
24
Annexure V
Electrical power consumption of various motor-pump units.
Sl.
Rating, Voltage,
No. Location
Pump
KW
V
1 Pump House Submersible
7.5
237
237
237
Current,
A
19.7
20
19.8
P.F.
0.64
0.63
0.6
Power,
kW
2.95
2.99
2.9
2 Pump House Pump No. 1
5.5
235
234
237
6.51
6.51
6.68
0.72
0.75
0.76
1.09
1.15
1.12
3 Pump House Pump No. 4
5.5
236
236
238
8.72
9.45
8.8
0.9
0.85
0.76
1.85
1.89
1.59
Exit Gate
Pump
Submersible
(Bore Well)
2.98
236
235
232
5.7
5.47
5.76
0.6
0.64
0.66
0.812
0.823
0.88
5.5
234
236
236
13.2
12.8
13.1
0.48
0.44
0.42
1.47
1.34
1.29
4
5
Nursery
Submersible
(Bore Well)
25
Annexure VI
Results of performance evaluation of Air conditioners.
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
Location
Identi. No.
Make
Capacity, TR
4 Incoming Air
5 Outgoing Air
6 Ave. velocity
Suction area,
7 cmxcm
8 TR delivered
Temp., C
RH, %
Temp., C
RH, %
m/s
Length
Breadth
9 Power consumed, kW
10 SPC, kW/TR
Room 223
LT 308
Carrier
1.5
10.6
70.4
5.9
81
1.74
33
45
0.65
1.83
2.82
Tel. Excha.
LT 295
Accaire
1.5
16.5
53
5.2
89
1.74
50
23
1.03
LT 358
Accaire
1.5
12.4
75.4
3.8
84.6
2.19
49.5
24.5
1.43
Room 236
LT 471
Carrier
1.5
13.4
67.3
5
90
2.33
36
41
1.51
LT 131
Usha
1
13.4
73.3
6.5
88
1.88
46
29
1
1.63
1.58
1.26
1.37
0.9
0.88
0.91
0.90
Average KW /TR
1.42
SPC - Specific power consumption; Ambient (condensing) condition: 15 deg. C & 67.3 %
26
Annexure VII
Saving calculation for various systems
Saving Calculation for Lighting
Sl No.
Parameter
(A) Present status
1 Present rate of electricity
2 Consumption for existing tubelight
3 Total no. of 40 Watts tube lights in rooms
4 Operating hours/year
5 40 Watts tubelight in staircase
6 Operating hours/year
(B) Proposed Modification :
Replacing each FTL with high lumen TL &
1 Electronic ballast
Delamping the single FTL which illuminates the
2 ceiling
(C)
1
2
3
4
Saving :
Saving on account of replacing FTL in rooms
Saving due to delamping
Total energy saved due to lighting modification
Total amount saved due to lighting modification
(D) Investment :
1 Cost per high lumen TL with electronic ballast
2 Total Investment
(E) Payback
Value
Unit
Remark
6.37 Rs
46.4 W
3516 No.
2500 hour
34 No.
8760 hour
30 W
19 No.
148279.93 kWh/year
2204.2821 kWh/year
150484.21 kWh/year
9.59 Rs Lakhs
700 Rs.
24.85 Rs lakhs
2.59 Years
27
Saving Calculation for pump
Sl No.
(A)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
(B)
Parameter
Present status
Present rate of electricity
Rating of pump
Power consumption pump
Present efficiency of motor-pump unit
Running hours of pump during working day
Running hours of pump during holiday
No. of working days/month
No. of holidays/month
Pump running months/year
Annual energy consumption
Value
Unit
Remark
6.37 Rs
7.5 kW
8.85 kW
26.7 %
6 hours
2 hours
21 days
9 days
12 months
15292.8 kWh
Proposed Modification :
1
2
(C)
1
5
Replace the motor-pump with a monoblock pump
set
Motor-pump efficiency of new pump
Saving :
Annual energy saving due to replacement
Total amount saved due to replacement
(D)
1
Investment :
Capital investment for the monoblock pump
(E)
Payback
7.5 kW
60 %
5092.5 kWh/year
32439.24 Rs
30000 Rs.
0.92 Years
28
Saving calculation for canteen
Sl No. Parameter
Value
(A) Present Status :
LPG
1 Average consumption of LPG cylinders per 120
month.
2 Cylinders used only for heating water.
30
3 Capacity of each LPG cylinder
14
4 Total LPG consumption for heating water
420
5 Cost of LPG per kg
24.5
Electricity
6 Power consumption of geyser used for plate 4
washing (hot water)
7 Power consumption of boiler in pantry
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
(B)
1
2
(C)
1
2
3
4
(D)
1
2
3
(E)
1
(F)
Unit
Remark
No.
No.
kg
kg
Rs.
kW
2kW*2No.
kW
2
kW*1No.
2kW*2No.
2kW*2No.
&
Power consumption of boiler in VIP pantry
4
kW
Running hours of geyser and boiler in VIP 12
Hrs
pantry per day
Running hours of boiler in pantry per day
8
Hrs
No of actual working days per month
21
Days
Total kWh consumption for 9 months per year 27216 kWh
Calculated
Cost of electricity per kWh
6.37 Rs.
Established facts :
100 litres of solar hot water system can save 1500 kWh
electricity per year
100 litres of solar hot water system can save 195
kg
LPG per year
Modification :
No. of 100 litres capacity system required to 25.85 No.
30*12=360cylinders
replace the 360 cylinders/year
No. of 100 litres capacity system required to 18.144 No.
replace the 27126 kWh/year
Total No. of collectors required
43.99 No.
Nearest standard system capacity available 45
No.
Saving :
Saving due to LPG replacement
1.23 Rs. Lakhs
Saving due to electricity replacement
1.73 Rs. Lakhs
Total saving
2.97 Rs. Lakhs
Investment :
Cost of 4500 LPD system
8
Rs Lakhs
Payback period
2.70 years
29
Saving calculation for HVAC system
Cooling
Average SPC of existing air conditioners
Present condensing temp. (winter season)
Average condesing temp. during summer
Increase in SPC of compressor due to higher condensing temp.
(Taking that for every 1 deg. C rise in condensing temp., there is
2.0 % increase in SPC of compressor)
Expected SPC of air conditioners during summer
Presently installed capacity of AC with a diversity of 25%
Capacity of central AC system required
Installed window AC
Installed AC load
Present AC running load from Energy bill
Presently delivered TR
Loading with Cenetral AC plant with 75%
Power required by central plant/TR
KW consumption of central AC plant with 75% loading
Power Saving
Working Hrs /day
Working days /year
Working Hrs /Yr
Energy cost
Energy saving kWh /year
Energy saving Rs. /year
Heating
Room heating load for two months/year
Energy consumed for room heating /Year
Energy cost/yr
Equivalent kcal (capacity of hot water generator)
Hot water flow required to carry the above heat (35/40 deg. C)
Calorific value of LDO
Thermal efficiency of hot water generator
Annual LDO requirment
Cost of LDO/Kg
Running energy cost for pump&FCUs/year
LDO cost/year
Annual savings
1.42 kW/TR
15 deg. C
35 deg. C
40 %
1.99 kW/TR
400 TR
400 TR
358 Nos
751.8 kW
600 KW
301.81 TR
300 TR
1.10 kW
330 KW
270 kW
10
125
1250
6.37 Rs
337500 kWh
21.4988 Rs Lakhs
400 kW
168000 kWh
10.70 Rs Lakhs
3.44 Lakh kcal
72 M3/Hr
10000 kcal/kg
85% %
16998 kg
20 Rs.
2.30 Rs. Lakhs
3.40 Rs Lakhs
5.00 Rs Lakhs
Total saving
26.50 Rs Lakhs
Investment
Central AC plant
125 Rs Lakhs
Hot Water generator
5 Rs Lakhs
Total
130 Rs Lakhs
Payback period
4.91 Years
It may be noted that the existing window AC may be sold out to reduce the net capital investement.
Total system
30
Annexure VIII
M&V protocol for various systems
Saving calculation protocol for Lighting
Sl Item
Formula
No.
1 No of running hours per day H
No of actual working days per
2 month
D
Average consumption per
3 existing tubelight
W1
4 Total no. of 40 W fittings
Ns
Total no of single fittings for
5 ceiling illumination
Nd
6
7
8
9
10
11
Rate of electricity
R
Average consumption per
tubelight after modification
W2
Monthly
saving
due
to
delamping of tubelights which Sd =
are for ceiling illumination
Nd*W1*H*D/1000
Monthly
saving
due
to Ss = Ns*(W1modification of single fitting
W2)*H*D/1000
Total monthly saving
S = Sd+Ss
Total monthly amount saved
due to lighting modification
A = S*R
Unit
Remark
Hrs
Days
As per baseline
From
actual
calendar
Watts
No.
As per baseline
3550 no. as counted
month
No.
19 no as counted
Rs 6.37 per kWh (During
Rs/kWh the study)
From
actual
measurement
after
Watts modification
kWh
Calculated
kWh
kWh
Calculated
Calculated
Rs.
Calculated
31
Saving calculation protocol for pump
Sl Item
No.
1 No of running hours per month
Formula
Unit
Remark
H
Hrs
As per baseline
2 Present power consump. Of pump P1
3 Present water flow rate
F1
4 Present head developed
Hd1
E1=9.81*Hd1*F1*1
5 Present pump efficiency
00/P1
kW
measured
M3/sec. measured
Metre measured
6 Rate of electricity
R
7 Power consump. of new pump
P2
Calculated
Rs 6.37 per kWh
Rs/kWh (During the study)
From
actual
measurement after
kW
modification
8 Water flow rate from new pump
F2
M3/sec. measured
Head developed by new pump
Hd2
Metre
New pump efficiency
E2=9.81*Hd2*F2*1
00/P2
%
Calculated
Se=(H*P1*(E1E2)/100
kWh
Calculated
Rs.
Calculated
Energy saving/month
Total monthly amount saved due
11 to the modification
A = Se*R
%
measured
32
Saving calculation protocol for canteen
Sl No. Parameter
Formula
Total LPG Consumption for heating
1 water
Ncyl
Total energy consumption for
2 heating water
Et
LPG Consumption to achieve the
3 desired temperature if required
N(cylfut)
4 Rate of electricity
R0
5
Unit
Remark
No.
As per base line
kWh
As per base line
No.
Rs./kWh
From current month
As per base line
Rs./cylinder
As per base line
4
Rate of LPG cylinder
R1
Saving due to redundancy of boiler
and geyser
Se=Et*R0
Rs.
Calculation
5
6
Saving due to Reduced usage of Slpg=(Ncyl LPG
N(cylfut))*R1 Rs.
Total Savings
S=Se+Slpg Rs.
Calculation
Calculation
33
Saving calculation protocol for HVAC system
Sl.
No. Item
(A) AC system
1 No of running hours per day
Unit
Remark
: H
Hrs
2 No of actual working days per month
3 Total no of window a/c units
Specific power consumption for Window
4 a/c unit
Energy consumption for New Screw
5 Chiller
: D
: Nwac
Days
Nos.
As per baseline
From actual month
calendar
As per baseline
: SPCwac
kW/TR
: Psc
kWh
6 Total TR developed by New Chiller.
: Ttr
Ton-hour
Minimum Ton-hour developed by new
chiller (based on the current running
7 pattern & 75 % loading)/month
8 Ton-hour considered for calculation
Energy consumption by auxiliaries like
Ch. W pump, Cond W Pump, CT and
9 FCU's.
Total energy consumption by new
10 Chiller System
Specific power consumption of New
11 Chiller
Estimated consumption for existing
12 system for future running hours.
Monthly saving due to modification of
13 A.C. System
14 Rate of electricity
Total monthly amount saved due to A.C
15 modification
(B)
1
2
3
4
Room heating system
Total no of heaters
Rating of each heater
Running hours per month
Energy consumption per month
Fuel consumption for hot water
5 generator
6 Future rate of fuel
Energy consumption for pump and
7 FCU's
8 Monthly energy cost for heating system
Total monthly amount saved due to
9 Heating System modification
Formula
: Trmin.=63000
Ton-hour
Tcal = Max. of (Ttr or
: Trmin.)
Ton-hour
: Paux
kWh
As per baseline
From actual
metering
From actual
metering
As per baseline
As per baseline
From actual
measurement after
modification
: Ptotal = Psc + Paux kWh
Calculated
: SPCsc = Ptotal / Ttr kW/TR
Calculated
Pexis = SPCwac *
: Tcal
kWh
Calculated
: S = Pexis - Ptotal
: R
kWh
Rs/kWh
Calculated
From current bill
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
A = S*R
Rs.
Calculated
Nh
Rh = 2
H = 170
Ph = Nh * Rh * H
Nos.
kW
Hrs
kWh
As per baseline
As per baseline
As per baseline
Calculated
From actual
metering
Market rate
From actual
metering
: F
: Rf
Lit
Rs/lit
: Pp
kWh
C = (F * Rf ) + (Pp *
: R)
Rs/month
: A = (Ph * R ) - C
Rs/month
Calculated
Calculated
34