Introduction to Cellular
Mobile Radio Systems
• Ques: Give the definition of Mobile Comm. and cellular
Comm.
• Mobile Communication: Mobile communication is a
communication network that does not involve cable or
wire connection between two entities.
• Cellular
Communication:
A
cellular
mobile
communications system uses a large number of lowpower wireless transmitters to create cells-the basic
geographic service area of a wireless communication
system. Variable power levels allow cells to be sized
according to the subscriber density and demand
within a particular region.
• Example of Mobile Radio Systems: Most people are
familiar with a number of mobile radio communication
systems used in everyday life. Garage door openers,
Remote controllers for home entrainment equipments,
Cordless telephones, Hand-held walkie-talkies and
cellular telephones all are the examples of mobile
radio communication systems.
Evolution to cellular networks –
communication anytime, anywhere
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radio communication was invented by Nokola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi:
in 1893, Nikola Tesla made the first public demonstration of wireless (radio)
telegraphy; Guglielmo Marconi conducted long ditance (over see) telegraphy
1897
in 1940 the first walkie-talkie was used by the US military
in 1947, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain from AT&T’s Bell Labs invented
the transistor (semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic
signals)
AT&T introduced commercial radio comm.: car phone – two way radio link
to the local phone network
in 1979 the first commercial cellular phone service was launched by the
Nordic Mobile Telephone (in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark).
Cellular systems generations
Ques: Describe in brief Cellular System Generations.
• 1G (first generation) – 1G refers to the first generation of wireless
telephone technology, mobile telecommunications which was first
introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s. It's Speed was
upto 2.4kbps. It allows the voice calls in 1 country. 1G network use
Analog Signal. AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile syste
ms
• 2G (second generation) - voice-oriented systems based on digital
technology; more efficient and used less spectrum than 1G; ex.:
Global System for Mobile (GSM) and US Time Division Multiple
Access (US-TDMA)
• 3G (third generation) – high-speed voice-oriented systems
integrated with data services; ex.: General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
4G (fourth generation) – 4G technology refer to or short
name of fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s. Cap
able of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed. One of the basic term
used to describe 4G is MAGIC. MAGIC: Mobile Multimedia Anytim
e Anywhere Global Mobility Support Integrated Wireless Solution
Customized Personal Services Also known as Mobile Broadband Ev
erywhere
Paging System: Question: Draw the block diagram of a wide area
paging system.
Cordless telephone systems: Ques: Draw the block diagram of a cordless
Telephone system.
What’s
With
•Bluetooth
Technology
the Name?
•The name ‘Bluetooth’ was named after 10th century
Viking king in Denmark Harald Bluetoot who united and
controlled Denmark and Norway.
•The name was adopted because Bluetooth wireless
technology is expected to unify the telecommunications
and computing industries
Who Started Bluetooth?
• Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)
•Founded in Spring 1998
•By Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia, Toshiba;
•Now more than 2000 organizations joint the SIG
What
Is
Bluetooth?
Bluetooth is an open standard for short-range digital
radio to interconnect a variety of devices Cellphones,
PDA, notebook computers, modems, cordless phone
s, pagers, laptop computers, printers, cameras by de
veloping a single-chip, low-cost, radio-based wireless
network technology (A PDA is most commonly a
personal digital assistant, also known as a personal
data assistant, a mobile electronic device.)
Bluetooth
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Bluetooth
Simplifying communications between:
- devices and the internet
- data synchronization
Operates in licensed exempt ISM band at 2.4 GHz
Uses frequency hoping spread spectrum
Omni directional, no requiring line of sight
Bluetooth offers data speeds of up to 1 Mbps up to
10 meters (Short range wireless radio technology )
Unlike IrDA, Bluetooth supports a LAN-like mode wh
ere multiple devices can interact with each other.
The key limitations of Bluetooth are security and inter
ference with wireless LANs.
Short range wireless radio technology
Bluetooth Topology
• Bluetooth-enabled devices can automatica
lly locate each other
• Topology is established on a temporary a
nd random basis
• Up to eight Bluetooth devices may be net
worked together in a master-slave relation
ship to form a Piconet
Ad-hoc
Ad-hoc network
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is a network connection method which is most often
associated with wireless devices.
The connection is established for the duration of one
session and requires no base station.
Instead, devices discover others within range to form a
network for those computers.
Devices may search for target nodes that are out of
range by flooding the network with broadcasts that
are forwarded by each node.
Connections are possible over multiple nodes
(multihop ad hoc network).
Routing protocols then provide stable connections
even if nodes are moving around
A piconet
• is an ad-hoc computer network of
devices using Bluetooth technology
protocols to allow one master device to
interconnect with up to seven active
slave devices
• Up to 255 further slave devices can be
inactive, or parked, which the master
device can bring into active status at any
time.
How does it work
• Bluetooth is a
standard for tiny, radio
frequency chips that
can be plugged into
your devices
• These chips were
designed to take all of the
information that your
wires normally send, and
transmit it at a special
frequency to something
called a receiver
Bluetooth chip.
• The information is then transmitted to your device