March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: Qualitative Spectral Analysis of Common Household Light Sources
Date Submitted: March 2009
Source: Rick Roberts, Intel Corporation
Address: Intel Oregon Labs
Voice: 503-712-5012, E-Mail: [email protected]
Re:
Abstract:
Purpose:
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this
document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right
to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE
and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
Submission
Slide 1
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
Qualitative analysis
means that all
amplitude levels are
relative to the 120 Hz
spectral line.
Lab setup: representative light bulbs, light
dimmer, light source and photodetector.
During testing the detector was battery
powered to eliminate 60 Hz.
Submission
Slide 2
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
Harmonic
Envelope
Typical spectral output from the photodetector. This particular spectrum is
from a halogen light bulb with the dimmer at 75% (100% is full brightness).
Submission
Slide 3
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
The research was to characterize the harmonic spectral
envelope for various readily available household lighting.
All lights were operating on 60 Hz.
Bulb A
GE Halogen bulb, 150 watts
Bulb B
Bright Effects, 60 Watt incandescent
Bulb C
GE Dimmable CFL, 15 watts
Bulb D
FEIT Electric, 15 watt Ecobulb CFL
Bulb E
Bright Effects, 13 watt Soft White CFL
Bulb F
Bright Effects, 11 watt Daylight CFL
24”
24 inch fluorescent tube
48”
48 inch fluorescent tube
CFL: compact fluorescent lamp
Submission
Slide 4
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
150 Watt Halogen Bulb
Bulb A
No Dimmer
Dimmer 1.0
Dimmer 0.75
Dimmer 0.5
Dimmer 0.25
Dimmer Values:
1.0 … full ON
0.25 … dim
0
-10
dB
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
120
320
520
720
920
1120
1320
1520
1720
1920
2120
Hertz
Spectrum is confined to approximately less than 2 KHz
Submission
Slide 5
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
60 Watt Incandescent Bulb
Bulb B
No Dimmer
Dimmer 1.0
Dimmer 0.75
Dimmer 0.5
Dimmer 0.25
Dimmer Values:
1.0 … full ON
0.25 … dim
0
-10
dB
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
120
320
520
720
920
1120
1320
1520
1720
1920
2120
Hertz
Spectrum is confined to approximately less than 2 KHz
Submission
Slide 6
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
Dimmable 15 watt CFL
Bulb C
No Dimmer
Dimmer 1.0
Dimmer 0.75
Dimmer 0.5
Dimmer Values:
1.0 … full ON
0.25 … dim
Dimmer 0.25
0
-10
dB
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
Hertz
Spectrum is confined to approximately less than 22 KHz
Submission
Slide 7
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
CFL Non-dimmable Bulbs
CFL Non-dimmable Bulbs
Bulb D
Bulb E
Bulb F
0
-10
dB
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Hertz
Spectrum is confined to approximately less than 7 KHz
Submission
Slide 8
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
Fluorescent Tubes
Fluorescent
48' tube
24" tube
0
-10
dB
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Hertz
Spectrum is confined to approximately less than 3 KHz
(the 48” tube has a very clean spectrum)
Submission
Slide 9
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
From doc 08/0061-02 …
We did not test with an inverter fluorescent lamp. The highest spectral
components we observed fall within frequency range 1. It would be useful
to have more information about interference sources that generate
significant energy above 40 KHz. How would inverter fluorescent lamps
be deployed in VLC environments?
Submission
Slide 10
Rick Roberts (Intel)
March 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0136-00-0007
Conclusions
Other then for the dimmable CFL, the spectrum of the detected interference light
is <10 KHz. If the dimmable CFL is included then the spectrum extends up to
about 22 KHz under certain dimming conditions.
Submission
Slide 11
Rick Roberts (Intel)