9
Chapter
Foundations
of Individual
Behavior
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Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
• Identify the focus and goals of organizational
behavior (OB).
• Explain the role that attitudes play in job
performance.
• Describe different personality theories.
And …
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Learning Outcomes (cont.)
• Describe perception and the factors that
influence it.
• Discuss learning theories and their relevance
in shaping behavior.
• Discuss contemporary issues in OB.
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Organizational Behavior
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Goals of Organizational Behavior
Managers need to explain,
predict and influence these
behaviors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Employee productivity
Absenteeism
Turnover
Organizational citizenship
behavior
5. Job satisfaction
6. Workplace misbehavior
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Attitudes and Job Performance
Key attitudes:
• Job satisfaction
• Job involvement
• Organizational
commitment
• Employee engagement
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Attitudes and Consistency
Cognitive dissonance is
any incompatibility or
inconsistency between
attitudes or between
behavior and attitudes.
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Understanding Attitudes
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Personality Theories
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Big Five Model of Personality
The Big Five factors are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional stability
Openness to experience
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Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence is composed of five
dimensions:
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management
3. Self-motivation
4. Empathy
5. Social skills
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Personality Traits
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Matching Personalities and Jobs
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Personality Attributes and Culture
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Understanding Personality
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Perception
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Judging Employees
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Distorted Attributions
•
•
•
•
Say one thing but hear another
Overestimate influence of personal factors
Attribute success to internal factors
Attribute failure to external factors
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Perceptual Shortcuts
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Understanding Perception
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Learning Theories
• Operant conditioning – Behavior is a
function of its consequences.
• Social learning – People can learn
through observation and direct
experience.
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Social Learning Theory
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Shaping Behavior
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Understanding Learning
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Contemporary Issues
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Managerial Challenges
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Negative Behavior in the Workplace
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