Step Up To: Psychology
Psychology, Eighth Edition
By David G. Myers
1. A mental grouping of objects or events is
called a:
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A) mental image.
B) concept.
C) abstract representation.
D) cognition.
2. When we think of a “bird” we are more
likely to think of a robin than a penguin
because a robin fits our:
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A) perception.
B) cognition.
C) formal concept.
D) prototype.
3. When following this procedure to solve
problems, you will always arrive at a correct
solution.
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A) trial-and-error
B) heuristic
C) algorithm
D) insight
4. Jim misplaced his keys. He knew they were
in the house, so he first looked on the hook,
then on the dresser, then in other places he
has found them in the past. He is using the
strategy of:
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A) trial-and-error.
B) heuristics.
C) algorithm.
D) insight.
5.
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A team of researchers have discovered
an area of the brain activated during
sudden flashes of insight, it was the:
A) right temporal lobe.
B) left parietal lobe.
C) prefrontal cortex.
D) amygdala.
6. When the United States went to war with
Iraq on the false assumption it had weapons of
mass destruction, this was an example of:
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A) heuristics.
B) fixation.
C) ignorance.
D) confirmation bias.
7. Our tendency to approach a problem a
certain way, i.e., a way successful in the
past, is called:
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A) prototype.
B) heuristics.
C) mental set.
D) algorithm.
8. Mary was out of coffee filters. She did not
think of using a paper towel, so she went
without coffee. Her failure was one of:
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A) representativeness heuristic.
B) algorithms.
C) functional fixedness.
D) availability heuristic.
9. Gambling is perpetuated, in part, by the ease
we have of remembering the times we won. This
is an example of:
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A) false memory.
B) availability heuristic.
C) false prototypes.
D) concept misattribution.
10. Politicians know that labeling military
action as a “pre-emptive strike” gains more
support than, “invasion.” This is an example
of:
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A) lying.
B) framing.
C) false advertising.
D) political psychobabble.
11. The rules of a language, its ___, helps
determine the meaning being
communicated.
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A) nanogram
B) linguistics
C) syntax
D) morpheme
12. The smallest unit of language that
carries meaning is called a:
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A) morpheme.
B) phoneme.
C) babble.
D) telegraphic speech.
13. By the time infants are about 10
years old,
• A) they should be speaking full sentences.
• B) they should be putting two words
together.
• C) their babbling is universal across all
cultures.
• D) their babbling has features of the
household language.
14. The stage of speech in which a young
child says things like, “go car,” and,
“momma come,” is called:
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A) one-word speech.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) babbling.
D) morpheme speech.
15. Chomsky believes our capacity for
language is natural and quick due to:
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A) behavioral conditioning.
B) sequential developmental stages.
C) language being entirely inborn.
D) a language acquisition device.
16. According to Worf (1956), differences
among languages cause differences in
perceptions and thinking. This idea is called:
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A) displacement hypothesis.
B) linguistic determinism.
C) perceptual change theory.
D) linguist shift.
17. Deaf children are unable to learn a
language:
• A) if their parents are hearing and don’t
sign.
• B) if their parents are deaf and sign.
• C) in some languages more than others.
• D) regardless of what they are exposed to.
18. Wallace Lambert (1992) found that
bilingual education:
• A) resulted in a loss in vocabulary for the
English speaking children.
• B) had no benefit to Canadian students.
• C) resulted in higher levels of English
proficiency.
• D) resulted in higher levels of self-esteem
for Hispanics.
19. Thinking without language:
• A) is not possible.
• B) can improve your performance on the
basketball court.
• C) is found only in animals.
• D) occurs more often in cultures without
language.
20. Students wanting to improve their test
scores should:
• A) should study every chance they get.
• B) should spend 5 minutes every day
imagining themselves getting an “A”.
• C) should think more often.
• D) spend 5 minutes every day imagining
themselves studying.
21. Most researchers who work with Apes
conclude their mental accomplishments:
• A) are around the level of a 2-year-old
human.
• B) include self-recognition.
• C) include empathy and reasoning.
• D) all of the above.
22. Chimpanzees can use language:
• A) to meaningfully communicate
with symbols.
• B) if taught to speak at an early
age.
• C) to obey commands.
• D) just like people.
23. Bees communicate:
• A) in a quick series of buzzing
sounds.
• B) with their antennae.
• C) by a complex dance to tell where
the flowers are.
• D) all of the above.
24: Human communication differs from
animal communication in our use of:
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A) vocal sounds.
B) syntax.
C) phonemes.
D) morphemes.
25. Animal researchers have shown that
chimpanzees and apes can:
• A) communicate with one another.
• B) show insight.
• C) comprehend the syntax of human
speech.
• D) all of the above.
Answers
1.
B
9.
B
17.
A
2.
D
10.
B
18.
C
3.
C
11.
C
19.
B
4.
B
12.
A
20.
D
5.
A
13.
D
21.
D
6.
D
14.
B
22.
A
7.
C
15.
D
23.
C
8.
C
16.
B
24.
B
25.
D