GRADE 9 – CPR UNIT
Introduction:
In this unit you will be learning about basic first aid and emergency response skills that you will
be able to use in order to save someone’s life in the event that they need help. You will learn
various life saving techniques in this unit, such as how to save someone who is choking, how to
perform CPR as well as learn how to use an external automated defibrillator (AED). Knowing
how to react in an emergency situation is the focus of this unit.
Complete each of the activities, read over the notes and be prepared to write a test on the
content of the notes and the knowledge acquired in this unit.
Notes:
Emergency Response
What Is First Aid?
 First Aid is the immediate care that you give to a sick or injured person until more
advanced care can be obtained
What Is The Chain Of Survival?
 The steps taken to: Maximize disease prevention and survival from emergencies.
The Seven Links To The Chain Of Survival
1.
Healthy
Choices
2.
Recognition
(S&S)
3.
Access
(911)
4.
CPR
5.
Defibrillation
6.
Advanced
Care
7.
Rehabilitation
What Are The Rescuers 4 R’s?
 Risk: The factors that make you more likely to have a heart attack or stroke
 Recognize: That there is a serious emergency developing
 React: Knowing the steps to follow in an emergency (e.g. call 911 / Activate EMS)
 Resuscitate: knowing how to help (Choking - CPR - AED)
Three Basic Steps To Reacting to an Emergency! The Three C’s!
1)
Check – The scene

Is it safe (No fire, wire, gas, glass)? What has happened? Is the person
unconscious? Are there bystanders around that can help?
2)
Call – 911 – Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS)

Identify what the emergency is. Choking, conscious/unconscious, bleeding, etc.

Give your name and address.
3)
Care – For The Person

Manage the person’s Airway, Breathing, Circulation (ABC’s)

Are they choking? Do you need to do CPR? Do you have a Defibrillator?

Treat Life threatening Injuries!?
ACTIVITY 1: What Would You Do?
Instructions: Now that you know some of the basics (The chain of survival, 4 “R”’s and three
“C’s”.) Outline what you would do in each of the situations describe and pictured
below. You can use point form to do this.
Scenario 1:
You are at a restaurant for dinner with you’re your family and one of your siblings
begins to choke on some food! What would you do?
Scenario 2:
You come home from school one day and find one of your parents lying on the
floor motionless! What would you do?
Scenario 3:
Look at the picture below. What are the hazards for you as a first aid responder
(i.e. CHECK – is it safe?) What will you say to the 911 dispatcher when you
CALL? How will you CARE for the person in the car?
Scenario 4:
Look at the picture below. What are the hazards for you as a first aid responder
(i.e. CHECK – is it safe?) What will you say to the 911 dispatcher when you
CALL? How will you CARE for each person and who needs help the most?
How do you know?
Basic First Aid Knowledge
What Is Shock?
 Shock is a potentially life-threatening condition in which vital organs do not receive
enough oxygen-rich blood.
 Shock can happen to anyone in an emergency situation, even someone who witnessed
an accident and/or the people helping at the scene can begin to enter into shock.
What Are The Signs Of Shock?
 Shallow breathing
 Rapid pulse
 Nauseous
How Do I Treat Someone In Shock?
 Care for the cause of the shock
 Give comfort and reassurance
 Keep the person warm
 Anxious, agitated and/or confused
 Sweaty, Cold & Clammy skin
 Varying levels of consciousness
 Rest
 Monitor ABC’s (Airway, Breathing & Circulation)
 Recovery Position (See picture below)
While Waiting For EMS To Arrive:
In an emergency situation where the victim is breathing and does not require any immediate first
aid (i.e. CPR, bleeding, broken bones, etc.) we still need to treat for shock and make sure the
person is all right by following all the steps outlined below until

Monitor/maintain ABC’s

Keep the person comfortable (recovery position, rest, reassure, blankets, etc.)

Examining for other injuries

Monitor and Talk to the person
Airway Emergencies (Choking)
What Is Respiratory Arrest?
Respiratory arrest is when a person stops breathing. Typically a person begins to choke when
an object becomes lodged somewhere in their throat and/or respiratory tract (see picture below).
However there are many other reasons why someone may stop breathing.
Other causes of respiratory arrest:
 Drowning
 Allergic Reaction
 Electrocution
 Severe Asthma
 Poisoning
 Head injury
Blockage
What Is A Mild Obstruction?
 The airway is partly blocked, reducing the flow of air to the lungs. The person can speak
or cough!
 We encourage them to cough up the obstruction but we DO NOT TOUCH THEM!
What Is A Severe Obstruction?
 The airway is totally blocked, stopping air from reaching the lungs. The Person is
panicking, lips are turning blue or even making a high pitched wheezing sound. They
may fall unconscious at any moment and/or we may find them unconscious.
 We need to respond quickly – without oxygen brain cells begin to die within 4 – 6 minutes
(See picture of stopwatch below).
 THEY NEED OUR HELP – We ask if they want our help and begin the obstructed airway
technique (See picture below).
Circulatory Emergencies
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
 The build up of fat deposits in the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.
Gender

Race

Age
Minor

Major
What are Some Risk Factors (i.e. causes) for CHD?
Uncontrollable Risk Factors
(Factors you can’t change)
 Heredity
Controllable Risk Factors
(Factors you can change)
 Cigarettes

High blood cholesterol

High blood pressure

diabetes

Obesity

Activity level

Stress
What Is a Heart Attack?
 Death of the heart muscle, due to a lack of blood to the heart.
 Causes chest pain and electrical instability of the heart muscle, which may lead to
cardiac arrest.
What are the Signs & Signals of a Heart Attack? (The Five P’s)
 Pain:
Severe to mild pain in the chest (angina), spreading up neck, jaw, shoulders
and arms
 Pale skin: often sweaty
 Puffing: trouble breathing & Panting
 Pooped: feeling tired
 Puking: sick to stomach &/or vomiting
What is Cardiac Arrest?
 The heart has stopped beating or is in Ventricular Fibrillation (heart is jiggling like a bowl
of jello)
Heart Attack
Cardiac Arrest
What is a Stroke?
 The sudden death of some brain cells due to a lack of blood flow to the brain caused by a
blockage or rupture of an artery to or within the brain.
Blockage of the Vertebral Artery
Blockage of a Cerebral Artery
What are the Five Signs of a Stroke?



Weakness
Trouble Speaking
Vision Problems


Headache

o
Dizziness
o
What Should I Do if Someone is Having a Heart Attack or Stroke?



Call 911
Position them comfortably
Loosen tight clothing



Talk
 to the person
o
Medications?
o
CPR?
What is C.P.R.? (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
 Breathing and circulating blood through a person’s body to keep them alive until medical
help takes over.
 30 Compressions – 2 Breaths (Goal is 100 compressions per minute)
 “Rock ‘em ‘till someone can shock’em!”
CPR Technique
Chest Landmarking for CPR
What are the CAB-D’s of CPR?
 Compressions – Start chest compressions!
 Airway – Is the air going in? Get the obstruction out if the air is not going in!
 Breathing – Are they breathing? Give mouth – to mouth?
 Defibrillation – Shock their heart using an AED!
What is an A.E.D.? (Automated External Defibrillator)
 A device that analyzes heart rhythms.
 If necessary, it will give an electric shock to STOP and RESET the person’s heart.
 The heart will hopefully return to a normal rhythm on its own.
ZOLL AED Unit
AED Electrode Placement
APPENDIX:
TECHNIQUE CHECKLISTS
Technique #1:
Obstructed Airway
Method:
 Assessment of degree of obstruction - ask “Are you
choking?”
 Do you want my help?
Mild Obstruction
 Coughing encouraged
 Reassurance for victim
 DO NOT hit them on the back!
Severe Obstruction
 Shout for help get someone to standby and/or call 911
 Careful land-marking (middle of abdomen)
 Repeated abdominal thrusts* until the airway is clear
o Alternating 5 back blows with 5 abdominal thrusts
 If successful, victim directed to see a physician to rule out
complications from the obstruction or the abdominal thrusts
Notes:
 *Chest thrusts for pregnant or obese victim
 Caution rescuers to simulate treatment: misplaced or
excessive thrusts can be dangerous.
 Teach the universal choking signal.
 Rescuer assume severe obstruction if victim nods “yes”
when asked “Are you choking” or if victim clutches neck or
victim cannot speak or breathe.
Technique #2:
Conscious to Unconscious Obstructed Airway
Method:
 Assessment of degree of obstruction - ask “Are you
choking?”
 Do you want my help?
Mild Obstruction
 Same as Conscious Choking!
Severe Obstruction
 Same as Conscious Choking!
Victim Falls Unconscious
 Carefully guide the person to the floor, careful of their head
 Fall and Call! – 911 - Activate Emergency Medical
System
 Landmark and perform 30 chest compressions
 Foreign body check: look in mouth and if object can be
seen, attempt to remove it.
 Open airway (Head Tilt Chin Lift)
 Attempt to ventilate 1 rescue breath;
o If unsuccessful, reposition airway and re-attempt to
ventilate
 Repeat sequence (chest compressions, foreign body check,
ventilation) until successful or EMS Arrives
 If successful reassess responsiveness and breathing, and
treat appropriately.
Technique #3:
Found Unconscious Obstructed Airway
Method:
 Check (no fire, wire, gas or glass)
 Check for responsiveness & Breathing (Ok? Tap and
Shout!)
 Call 911! - Activate Emergency Medical System
 Landmark and perform 30 chest compressions
 Open airway (Head Tilt, Chin Lift)
 Attempt to ventilate 1 rescue breath;
o If unsuccessful, reposition airway and re-attempt to
ventilate
o Foreign body check: look in mouth and if object can be
seen, attempt to remove it.
 If unsuccessful, repeat sequence (chest compressions,
foreign body check, ventilation) until successful or EMS
Arrives.
o If successful reassess responsiveness and breathing, and
treat appropriately.
Technique #4:
One-rescuer CPR
Method:
 Check (no fire, wire, gas or glass)
 Check for responsiveness & Breathing (Ok? Tap and
Shout!)
 Call 911 & Attempt to obtain AED
 Landmark and perform 30 chest compressions
o Push Hard (1.5 – 2” deep)
o Push Fast (100 compressions per minute)
 Open the airway (Head Tilt, Chin Lift)
 Give 2 rescue breaths,
o 1 Second long
o Observe chest rise
 Repeat 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
 Continue until treatment with an AED can begin and/or EMS
arrives and/or the persons shows signs of life, breaths,
and/or moves
Technique #5: CPR With AED
Method:




Check (no fire, wire, gas or glass)
Check for responsiveness & Breathing (Ok? Tap and Shout!)
Call 911 & Attempt to obtain AED
Landmark and perform 30 chest compressions
o Push Hard (1.5 – 2” deep)
o Push Fast (100 compressions per minute)
 Repeat 30 compressions to 2 breaths (Minimum 5 Cycles)
AED ARRIVES!  Continue CPR
PERSON WITH AED SHOULD
 Open and turn the AED on and follow prompts!
 Preparation for Electrodes:
o Open all clothing, remove excess hair, dry chest, remove
medical patches, jewelry, etc.
o Apply electrodes to chest (follow diagrams)
 Stop CPR when AED tells you “Do not touch patient”
 When AED Tells you to shock the person
o DON’T LET ANYONE TOUCH THE PERSON
o “I’m Clear, Your Clear, Everybody’s clear”
o Press the “Shock” button only if advised to do so.
 Continue CPR when the AED tells you
 Continue to follow the voice prompts from the AED
 If the person shows signs of life (movement, breathing, etc. place
them into the recovery position).
ZOLL TRAINER – AED REMOTE
Technique #6: Two Person CPR With AED
Method:
 Person One: Performs first 5 cycles of CPR
 PERSON TWO: Calls 911 and retrieves AED
AED ARRIVES!
 Person one:
o Continues CPR
 PERSON TWO: Preparation and placement of Electrodes
 PERSON TWO:
o When AED Tells you to shock the person
o DON’T LET ANYONE TOUCH THE PERSON
o “I’m Clear, Your Clear, Everybody’s clear”
o Press the “Shock” button only if advised to do so!
 Continue CPR when the AED tells you
 Person one:
o Does Chest Compressions
 PERSON TWO:
o Gives Rescue Breaths (Head Tilt, Chin Lift)
 Continue to follow the voice prompts from the AED
 After 5 cycles and/or next shock rescuers change rolls
 Person One:
o Gives Rescue Breaths
 PERSON TWO:
o Does Chest Compressions
 If the person shows signs of life (movement, breathing, etc.)
place them into the recovery position.