A B PI: 2646 PI: 10 786 K-mer depth Figure S1. Estimation of Sogatella furcifera genome size based on flow cytometry and 17-mer statistics. (A) Estimation of Sogatella furcifera genome size based on flow cytometry. Comparing with the Drosophila melanogaster (D. mel) genome, the C value of the S. furcifera (S. fur) genome was estimated to be 0.75 pg. The genome size of S. furcifera was estimated to be 733Mb. (B) Estimation of S. furcifera genome size based on 17-kmer statistics. In total 56.76 Gb of short (<1kb) paired-end genome sequencing reads were used to generate the 17-mer sequences. The genome size of S. furcifera was estimated to be 730 Mb based on the formula: 17-mer number / 17-mer depth. 0 1 -lg(P-value) 2 3 4 5 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ion transport multicellular organismal development Wnt receptor signaling pathway protein proteinhomooligomerization homo-oligomerzition oxygen transport dicarboxylic acid transport potassium ion transport homophilic cell adhesion adherens junction assembly photosynthesis G proteinadenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled receptor signaling pathway Figure S2. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 1. 0 -lg(P-value) 2 4 catecholamine biosynthetic process aromatic amino acid family metabolic process Figure S3. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 2. 0 2 -lg(P-value) 4 6 8 10 12 metabolic process oxidation-reduction process oxidation–reduction process transmembrane transport proteolysis regulation of catalytic activity aromatic amino acid family metabolic process 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process de novo IMP biosynthetic process transport carbohydrate metabolic process L-serine biosynthetic process cellular carbohydrate metabolic process proline biosynthetic process pentose-phosphate shunt phototransduction visual perception nucleoside metabolic process nucleotide catabolic process lipid metabolic process cellular amino acid metabolic process sulfate transport Figure S4. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 3. The top 20 enriched terms are shown. 0 0.5 -lg(P-value) 1 1.5 2 nucleosome assembly reciprocal meiotic recombination DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic chitin metabolic process Figure S5. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 4. 0 1 -lg(P-value) 2 3 4 microtubule-based movement glycolysis glycerol metabolic process positive regulation of apoptotic process inositol catabolic process protein metabolic process tricarboxylic acid cycle regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization Figure S6. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 5. 0 1 2 -lg(P-value) 3 4 5 6 7 8 protein metabolic process protein polymerization microtubule-based process glycolysis negative regulation of biosynthetic process tyrosine metabolic process GTP catabolic process proteolysis cellular amino acid metabolic process negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process cell motility intraflagellar transport L-phenylalanine catabolic process protein targeting Figure S7. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 6. 0 5 -lg(P-value) 10 15 20 25 chitin metabolic process homophilic cell adhesion chitin catabolic process response to oxidative stress oxidation–reduction process alcohol metabolic process proteolysis multicellular organismal development oxidation-reduction process microtubule-based process carbohydrate metabolic process regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent dicarboxylic acid transport steroid hormone mediated signaling signaling pathway steroid hormone-mediated pathway protein polymerization Wnt receptor signaling pathway tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process sphingomyelin catabolic process neurotransmitter secretion negative regulation of cell differentiation ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle Figure S8. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 7. 0 1 2 -lg(P-value) 3 4 5 6 lipid transport DNA repair cell-cell signaling cell–cell signaling microtubule-based movement histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamide cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation proteolysis base-excision repair rRNA processing intracellular signal transduction signal transduction oxidation-reduction process process oxidation–reduction response to stress metal ion transport phosphate ion transport transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint nucleus-associated proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent… C-5 methylation of cytosine Figure S9. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis for genes in expression pattern 8. The top 20 enriched terms are shown. 7
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