Name _________________
Period_______
Forces and Motion
Newton’s Laws of Motion/graphing motion and energy
Page
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4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
7.1
7.2
P8B1
P8B3
Assignment Title
Thrill Ride
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
Newton’s Second Law: Off to the Races
Forces, Motion, and Newton’s Laws
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion &
Classifying Movement
Newton’s Third Law: Action-Reaction Pairs
From Here to There
Graphing Motion- Distance vs. Time & Speed vs. Time
Distance vs. Time Motion Graphs
Speed vs. Time Motion Graphs
Forms of Energy
Energy Basics
What is Energy?
Gravity
Friction
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Force (Free-body) Diagrams
Momentum & Circular Motion
Date
Assigned
Date Due
Grade
Received
notes
notes
notes
notes
notes
notes
notes
notes
notes
notes
TSW USE EXAMPLES TO EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF INERTIA IN EVERYDAY SITUATIONS.
TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND GRAVITY.
TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING INTERACTIONS: SPEED, VELOCITY, AND ACCELERATION.
TSW DRAW AND INTERPRET DIAGRAMS AND GRAPHS REPRESENTING AN OBJECT’S MOTION.
TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING FORCES: GRAVITY AND FRICTION.
TSW PROVIDE EVIDENCE TO DEMONSTRATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORCE AND MOTION.
TSW IDENTIFY THE FORCE(S) ACTING ON MOVING AND STATIONARY OBJECTS.
TSW DETERMINE THE NET FORCE ON AN OBJECT GIVEN A DIAGRAM.
TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTANCE AND GRAVITY.
TSW EXPLAIN THAT EVERY OBJECT EXERTS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ON EVERY OTHER OBJECT.
TSW THE STUDENT WILL USE AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF ENERGY.
TSW THE STUDENT WILL DEMONSTRATE THAT ENERGY CAN BE KINETIC OR POTENTIAL.
TSW KNOW THE EFFECTS OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED FORCES ON AN OBJECT’S MOTION.
TSW KNOW EVERY OBJECT EXERTS GRAVITATIONAL FORCE ON EVERY OTHER OBJECT, AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THIS FORCE DEPENDS ON THE MASS OF
THE OBJECTS AND THEIR DISTANCE FROM ONE ANOTHER.
Thrill Ride!
 “The Story – Part I: Fairs and Horses” (Thrill Ride! pages 1-2)




 “Maximum Fear” (Thrill Ride! page 4)
1.
What scientist first described the forces experienced on roller coasters nearly 300 years ago?
2. What makes something a law as opposed to a theory??
3. What do Newton’s three laws of motion describe?
4. Where can Newton’s laws of motion be observed?
5. What characteristic does the interested land developer want her amusement park to demonstrate?
6. What types of rides do you think would appeal to the widest demographic of amusement park goers?
(Teenagers, parents, grandparents, couples, singles, friends, families, etc.)
7. As the final project for this unit, you will design and build a ride! What qualifications must your ride meet for
it to be selected to be included in a professional amusement park?!
 “Disney Animal Kingdom a Mammoth Undertaking,” “New Blizzard Beach is all Wet and Wild,” &
“Indiana Jones’ Wild Ride” (Thrill Ride! pages 3 & 6)
 HOMEWORK: Planning a Theme Park
1.
What things should you think about when you are planning or creating a theme park?
2. If you were to create your own theme park, what themes would you consider? (Name at least 3)
3. What important facts must you consider when you are putting together rides and attractions at a theme park?
4. What types of rides would you include? (Name at least 6)
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
 Motion (def.) An object is in ___________ if it changes position relative to a ______________ point
 Reference Point (def.) Its position _____________________________________
 Newton’s First Law of Motion
Definition
Key
Information
4.1- TSW USE EXAMPLES TO EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF ________________
IN EVERYDAY SITUATIONS.
Real-Life
Examples
If objects in motion tend to
stay in motion, why don’t moving
objects keep moving forever?
Illustration/
Diagram
 HOMEWORK: How does Newton’s 1st Law affect your day? Write about two ways that it has
had a positive (or helpful) impact on your life, and two ways it has had a negative
(or irritating) affect on your life.
Positive (or helpful)
Negative (or irritating)

1.

2.
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Definition
Key
Information
4.6- TSW PROVIDE EVIDENCE TO DEMONSTRATE THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN ______________ AND _______________.
Unit of Force: ___________ abbreviation: ________
Real-Life
Examples
Illustration/
Diagram
1. Imagine a ball of a certain mass moving at a certain acceleration. This ball has a _______ ______.
2. Imagine we make the ball twice as big (double the mass) but keep the acceleration ____________.
o F = ma says ____________________________________________________________.
3. Imagine the original ball moving at twice the original acceleration.
o F = ma says ____________________________________________________________.
4. If you ______________ the ________________, you ______________ the _____________ .
5. If you ______________ the ________________, you ______________ the _____________.
6. What happens to the force if you double the mass and the acceleration?
7. What happens to the force if you decrease the mass by half?
8. Something very ___________ (high mass) that’s changing speed very ______________ (low
acceleration), like a glacier, can still have ________________ ____________________.
9. Something very ___________ (low mass) that’s changing speed very ______________ (high
acceleration), like a bullet, can still have a ____________ ______________.
10. Something very _________ changing speed very _________ will have a very ___________ force.
11. How can you change the acceleration of an object?
Acceleration = ________________
Change the ________ on the object
• Increase force = _______________ _________________
• Decrease force = _______________ _________________
o Change the ________ of the object
• Decrease mass = ________________ __________________
• Increase mass = ________________ __________________
 F = ma Practice Problems Show your work, circle your answer.
Mike’s Car
Water Skier
Elevator
Go Cart
m=
m=
m=
m=
a=
a=
a=
a=
F= m×a =
F= m×a =
F= m×a =
F= m×a =
o
Newton’s Second Law: Off to the Races!
It’s Friday afternoon and all you can think about during science
is the upcoming go-cart races. You and a friend have been working on
your entry for over two months. With race weekend only a month
away, there is still a lot of work to be done.
Your friend comes over after school with a worried look on her
face. She explains to you that Miley and Justin have designed an
awesome cart that no one could possibly beat. As the two of you sit and
mope, an idea springs into your head.
“Wasn’t the science teacher talking about something that had to do with acceleration? Yeah, it was
something about Newton.” Finally, you remember what it was. “Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that
the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it, and inversely proportional to its
mass.” You look to your friend with a smile on your face and tell her it is time to get to work. You explain that
by using Newton’s Second Law of Motion you can help make sure that your go-cart is the fastest one at the
races.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion can be written as:
Net Force = Mass × Acceleration or F = M × A
Acceleration = Net Force ÷ Mass or A = F ÷ M
Show your work. Answer the following questions using your knowledge of Newton’s Laws.
1. If your go-cart weighs 500 kg, what is the force you will have to apply to accelerate it at
+1.5 m/s2?
2.
You discover that Miley and Justin’s go-cart weighs 400 kg and will have a
675 N force acting on it. How fast will it accelerate (to the nearest tenth)?
3. If you are able to decrease the mass of your go-cart by 15%, and the same force that was
applied in question #1 is applied, will your go-cart be able to beat Miley and Justin’s? (Round
your answer to the nearest tenth.) Explain.
A. What is the mass of your go cart? ________
B. What is 15% of your go cart’s mass? ______
C. What would the mass of your new go cart be? _________
D. What was the force from #1? _________
E. What would your new acceleration be? ____________
F. Will your go cart be able to beat Miley and Justin’s? _________
Copyright ©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Forces, Motion & Newton’s Laws
Match the terms below to the statements given. Words may be used more than once, or not at all!
A.
B.
C.
D.
p = mv
F = ma
normal force
terminal velocity
E. Newton’s First Law of Motion
F. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
G. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
1. ______ Force is equal to mass times acceleration.
2. ______ An object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by a net force.
3. ______ Shoes push against the gym floor and the basketball player’s hand moves above the
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
rim after the floor pushes back.
______ Momentum is equal to mass times velocity.
______ The “support” force exerted by a stable surface.
______ The speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the force of
air resistance.
______ The Voyager spacecraft glides at a constant speed between Earth and Mars.
______ aka “The Law of Inertia”
Calculate the force necessary to stop an 80 kg bicyclist if he is accelerating at 0.5 m/s2.
Study the illustration of the diver. Then indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the
statement is false, change the word(s) in italics to make it true.
10.
True / False. After the diver jumps forward from the
diving board, the force of gravity will accelerate the diver
parallel to the direction of motion.
_______________________
11. True / False. If the diver doesn’t have the correct form when she enters the water, the
force of the water can positively accelerate her speed. _______________________
12. True / False. When the diver enters the water, the force of the water is opposite to the
velocity of the diver. _______________________
13. True / False. Momentum prevents the diver from moving in a straight line once she jumps
from the platform. _______________________
Copyright ©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Definition
Key
Information
Real-Life
Examples
Illustration/
Diagram
Classifying Movement
 4.3- TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING INTERACTIONS: ____________, _____________,
AND ______________________.
 Speed (def.)-
 Movement Practice
 Formula:
 Instantaneous speed (def.) Constant “uniform” speed (def.) Average speed (def.) Formula:
 Velocity (def.)-
What types of rides have riders moving at
a “constant speed”?
 Acceleration is the rate _____________ changes
 Acceleration (def.)- a change in ______________ or
_______________
 Positive Acceleration (def.) Negative Acceleration (def.)-
What kind of ride do you think it would be
easier to find the average speed for?
Does constant speed necessarily imply
constant velocity? __________
What would an object that has a constant
velocity look like?
Newton’s Third Law:
Action-Reaction Pairs
Complete the table by naming the action and reaction forces in the following examples.
Example
Action Force
Reaction Force
Diagram (arrows, labels)
Fair
1. A flying bird
Bird’s Wings
Air
Fwings
2. Bumper car
A collides
with bumper
car B
3. Holding your
hand out the
window of a
moving car
4. Walking on a
sidewalk
5. Touching
your finger to
your nose
Supply the missing word or phrase in the following statements.
6. Newton’s third law states, “For every action, there is an equal but ______________________.
7. Action-reaction forces are always the same ____________ but are in opposite ____________.
8. When you swim in water, your arms push the water __________. The water reacts by pushing
___________ on your arms causing your body to accelerate __________________.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
9. How could the action force of a canoe moving through water be increased?
10. If there were no action-reaction forces in effect, describe what would happen as you walk down
a sidewalk.
11. How does Newton’s Third Law explain the forces involved when a car hits a concrete barricade?
Copyright ©Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
From Here to There
Speed refers to how fast an object is moving. Motion is a change in the position of an object when
compared to a non moving reference point. Velocity is the speed of an object and its direction of motion. A change
in velocity is called acceleration. A decrease in velocity is called negative acceleration or deceleration. The rate of
acceleration depends on both the about of force used and the mass of the object being moved.
Force is a push or pull that is exerted on an object. When a strong enough force is applied to an object,
the object’s motion changes. If you apply a small force to a massive object (like a car), you will cause a small
amount of acceleration. If you apply a large force to a small object (like a tennis ball), you will cause a large
amount of acceleration. Any object that is moving in a straight line at a constant speed is not accelerating.
Use words from the passage above to fill in the blanks.
1.
2.
3.
4.
A change in an object’s location is ________________.
A push or pull that is exerted on an object is ________________.
_____________ is the speed of an object and its direction of motion.
The rate at which velocity changes is ________________.
Circle the answer that correctly completes each sentence.
5. A car sitting at a stoplight ( is / is not ) accelerating.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A car driving at 50 km/hr for a long time on a straight stretch of highway ( is / is not ) accelerating.
A car that begins to move after a stoplight turns green ( is / is not ) accelerating.
A car slowing down as it pulls into a parking space ( is / is not ) an example of negative acceleration.
As force increases and mass decreases, acceleration ( increases / decreases ).
As force decreases and mass increases, acceleration ( increases / decreases ).
Use the formula for calculating speed to solve these problems.
11.
A car travels 74 kilometers in two hours. What is its average speed? (speed = distance / time)
12.
If the car continues on, but increases its speed (accelerates) at a constant rate of 2 km per hour each
hour, at what speed will it be traveling after 2 hours?
© 2002 McDonald Publishing Co.
Graphing Motion- Distance vs. Time
 4.4- TSW ____________ AND ________________ DIAGRAMS AND GRAPHS
REPRESENTING AN ________________ ________________.
 Graphing Motion- Distance vs. Time

The slope of a line is how much it is on a tilt/angle
o If the slope stays the same, the object is ___________________________________
o If the slope gets steeper, the object is _____________________________________
o If the slope gets lower, the object is ______________________________________
At RestStopped
Constant SpeedFast & Slow
AccelerationPositive & Negative
TravelingLeaving home & Going home
Label each distance vs. time graph with the statement (a.-c.), which
correctly describes the motion of a horse.
a) horse travels fast (gallops) then changes to slower speed (trot)
b) horse travels fast (gallops) then stops
c) horse travels slowly (trot) then changes to
higher speed (gallops), stops, then speeds off
quickly (gallops)
How far is the truck from its starting point after:
1. 10 s _________
2. 15s _________
3. 30 s _________
4. 43 s _________
Label each distance vs. time graph with the statement (d.-f.), which
correctly describes the motion of a train.
d) train travels slowly then changes to higher speed
(accelerates), then slows down (decelerates)
e) train travels faster and faster (accelerating)
f) train travels fast then slows down (decelerating)
5. 50 s _________
Label each distance vs. time graph with the statement (g.-i.), which correctly describes the motion of a soccer player.
g)
player runs faster, stops
then runs fast back to starting point
h)
player runs fast then
immediately runs half-way back,
then forward and back several times
i) player jogs slowly, changes to running speed
(accelerates), then slows down (decelerates) to a stop and reverses direction coming back to the starting point
The graph shows the varying speed at which a worm travels over a 10-minute interval. Use proper units!!
1. What is the greatest speed the worm reaches? __________
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the acceleration during the first 2 min? _____________
How fast is the worm traveling as it goes from A to B? ______
How far does the worm travel from A to B? _____________
What is the worm’s acceleration from A to B? ___________
How does the worm’s motion change from B to C?
_______________________________________________
7. What is the worm’s acceleration during the last 2 min? __________
8. How would you describe the worm’s motion during the last 2 min?
______________________________________________________
Graphing Motion- Speed vs. Time
 Graphing Motion- Speed (Velocity) vs. Time
o
o
o
If the slope stays the same, the object is __________________________________________
If the slope gets steeper, the object is ___________________________________________
If the slope becomes negative, the object is ________________________________________
At RestStopped
Constant SpeedFast & Slow
AccelerationPositive & Negative
1.
Which graph (A.-F.) or none of the above shows:
3.
4.
5.
Positive acceleration (speeding up), then steady speed
(velocity), then negative acceleration (slowing down), then
Positive acceleration (speeding up)? ____________
Steady speed (velocity), negative acceleration (slowing
down), then steady speed (velocity)? ____________
Constant positive acceleration? ____________
6.
Which graph(s) (A.-F.)
involve a time where the
speed (velocity) of an
object was held
constant?
TravelingLeaving home & Going home
2.
Which graph(s) (A.-F.)
involve a time where the
acceleration of an object
was held constant?
Steady speed (velocity) then positive acceleration
(speeding up)? ____________
7. Positive acceleration (speeding up) then steady speed
(velocity)? ____________
8. Positive acceleration (speeding up) then negative
acceleration (slowing down)? ____________
9. Stopped for a while, then fast speed? ____________
10. Fast speed then stopped for awhile? ____________
Distance-Time Motion Graphs
Examine the graphs below of runner X and Y. Which graph(s) (A.-F.) show(s) that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
One of the runners started 10 yards further ahead of the other? ________________
One of the runners started 20 yards further ahead of the other? ________________
Both of the runners started at the same position? ________________
Both runners are moving at the same speed? ________________
One of the runners finished 10 yards further ahead of the other? ________________
One of the runners passed the other runner? ________________
Label the line for each runner with the runner’s average speed.
A
B
C
X
X
X
Y
Y
Y
D
E
X
F
Y
X
Y
X
Y
The distance-time graphs below represent the motion of a car. Write the descriptions below the graphs.


8.


The car is stopped.
The car is traveling at a constant speed.
9.
(2 answers!)
10.
The speed of the car is decreasing.
The car is coming back.
11.
The graph to the right shows how three runners ran
a 100-meter race. Explain your answers.
12. Which runner won the race?
13. Which runner stopped for a rest?
14. How long was the stop?
15. How long did Bob take to complete the race?
16. Calculate Albert’s average speed. (Figure the
distance and the time first!)
Speed-Time Motion Graphs
The speed-time graphs below represent the motion of a car. Write the descriptions below the graphs.


17.


The car is stopped.
The car is traveling at a constant speed.
18.
The graph below shows how the speed of a bus
changes during part of a journey.
19.
The car is positively accelerating (speeding up).
The car is negatively accelerating (slowing down).
20.
Choose the correct words from the following list to
describe the motion during each segment of the
journey to fill in the blanks: accelerating,
decelerating, constant speed, at rest
21. Segment 0A The bus is ________________. Its
speed changes from 0 to 10 m/s in 5 sec.
22. Segment AB The bus is moving at a
______________________of 10 m/s for 5 sec.
23. Segment BC The bus is _______________. It is
slowing down from 10 m/s to rest in 3 sec.
24. Segment CD The bus is ________________. It
has stopped.
25. Segment DE The bus is _________________.
It is gradually increasing in speed.
Gravity
 Read “Mass and Weight” pg. 24 of ‘Thrill Ride’ book
1.
What is the difference between mass and weight?

Mass (def.) –
Weight (def.) –
2. How does the weight of an object change?
3. Does the mass of an object ever change? Why?
4. When is the gravitational pull the greatest on an object on Earth?
 4.5 TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING FORCE: ____________________
 Gravity (def.) –



An object’s change in speed is caused by ______________ pull
The acceleration due to gravity is ______________
Speed is ___________ while the object is ___________, __________ when it's __________
 G-Force (def.) –
o
o
o
o
Positive Gs (def.) – __________________________________Location: __________________
Negative Gs (def.) –__________________________________Location: __________________
Lateral Gs (def.) –__________________________________Location: __________________
Linear Gs (def.)- __________________________________Location: __________________
 P8B3 TSW KNOW EVERY OBJECT EXERTS _____________________ ____________ ON EVERY
OTHER __________, AND THE ___________________ OF THIS FORCE DEPENDS ON THE
__________ OF THE OBJECTS AND THEIR _________________ FROM ONE ANOTHER.
 4.2- TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN _________ AND _________________.
 ______________ *______________ = ______________
 ________________________ will attract each other with a ___________ gravitational force.

An astronaut has a mass of 50 kg on Earth. When he flies to the moon what is his mass? Compare his weight on the moon to
his weight on Earth. Explain your answer.

A ball with a mass of 3 kg sits next to a ball with a mass of 10 kg. Which ball would have a greater gravitational pull? Why?
 4.9 TSW DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN _______________ AND ____________.
 __________________________________ = _______________ gravitational forces.

In general, the planets always orbit the same distance from the sun, and from each other. Compare the gravitational
attraction between Earth and Pluto to that between Earth and Mars. Explain your answer.

Hiker A hikes to the top of Mt. Everest. Hiker B hikes to the bottom of the Grand Canyon. Which man would experience a
greater gravitational pull? Why?
 4.10 TSW EXPLAIN THAT EVERY ___________ EXERTS _____________________ FORCE
ON ______________ OTHER ________________.
Which pair of objects has the
greatest gravitational force between
them?
Two identical books are on opposite
ends of a table. Which of these would
increase the gravitational force
exerted between the two books?
Which of these will reduce the
gravitational force between the two
objects the most?
If two objects are two meters apart,
which of these changes will increase
the gravitational force between the
two objects?
Friction
 4.5 - TSW DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING FORCE: ___________________
 Friction (def.) –
 acts in a direction __________________ of an object’s motion
 causes objects to ___________ to a _____________
 What would happen without friction?
 Sliding Friction (def.) -
Sliding Friction diagram with arrow show direction of Ffrict
 Example:
 Rolling Friction (def.) –
Rolling Friction diagram with arrow show direction of Ffrict
 Example:
 Fluid Friction (def.) -
Fluid Friction diagram with arrow show direction of Ffrict
 Example:
 Kinetic Friction (def.)  Example:
 Static Friction (def.)  Example:
 Air Resistance (def.) –

A coin and a feather are dropped at the same time in a vacuum. Which will hit the ground first?
 Free fall (def.) - when the only force acting on an object is _____________.
o The object ___________________ as it ___________.
o ALL objects in free fall accelerate at the SAME rate:
______________, regardless of ___________ or _____________
_________—but you have to consider air resistance
 Terminal velocity (def.) - _____________
(_____________)_____________ a _____________ object reaches; no longer ___________
o Happens when air resistance _____________ the force of _____________.
o Air resistance _____________ as _____________ _____________.
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
 P8B1 - TSW KNOW THE EFFECTS OF ______________ AND ___________________
FORCES ON AN OBJECT’S ______________.
 Force (def.)  Unit:
 May change the _____________ of an _____________
 Forces can be represented by _____________
 The _____________ of the arrow represents the magnitude (_____________) and the
point shows its _____________
 Newton (def.) 
1 N = the force required to accelerate _____________of mass at _____________, per second (m/s²)
 Net force (def.)  forces in the _____________ direction combine by _____________
 forces in _____________ directions combine by _____________
 Balanced forces (def.)  Unbalanced forces (def.) -
 True or False?



True / False. More than one force can act on an object at once.
True / False. Forces that act in opposite directions combine together.
True / False. To find the net (total) force on an object you add all the forces on an object together.
 4.7 - TSW IDENTIFY THE FORCE(S) ACTING ON MOVING AND STATIONARY OBJECTS.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Draw a diagram!!
Are these forces balanced or unbalanced?
Would these forces cause the object to move? If so, in which direction? How can you tell?
What is the net force?
One person pushes a book with a force of 20 N
left. The other person pushes the book with a
force of 18 N right.
Two people push on the book, one left, the
other right, with the same strength (20N).
Two people push a book in the same
direction. One person pushes to the right
with a force of 8 N; the other person
pushes to the right with a force of 6 N.
Force (Free-body) Diagrams
 4.8- TSW DETERMINE THE _____ ___________ ON AN OBJECT GIVEN A ____________.
 Free-body diagrams (def.) –
 The object is normally drawn as a _____________, with the forces all pointing _____________
from the _____________.
 F frict (def.) – __________________________
 the force exerted by a __________ as an object _________ across it or makes an _________
to move across it; two types: ___________ (sliding, rolling, fluid) and ___________ friction
 F grav (def.) – __________________________
 Directed "_____________ " towards the _____________ of the _____________.
 F app (def.) – __________________________
 Force which is _____________ to an object by a _____________ or another _____________.
 F norm (def.) – __________________________
 “__________ force” - exerted upon an object which is in contact with a ____________ object.
 F net (def.) –__________________________
 _____ of _____ the forces acting on an object; in the __________ the object ____________
 When net force = ______, there is no _____________ /no change in _____________
 Fair (def.) – __________________________
 ____________ Friction- This force will frequently be ____________ due to its
____________ size; It is most noticeable for objects which travel at _______ ____________
 Drawing Force Diagrams
Vase
Egg
Squirrel
Car
Skydive
Sled
Book
Book
Ball
Momentum
 Momentum Formula –
 Units:
 All objects in ____________ have momentum
 The more ____________ an object has, __________________________________________
 Can a small mass produce a large momentum? Example?
 Law of Conservation of Momentum (def.) –
Circular Motion
 Centripetal Force (def.) –
 Centrifugal Force (def.) –
 How does this relate to Newton’s 3rd Law?
 Draw and Label Diagram: 
REVIEW OF NEWTON’S LAWS, FORCES, AND MOTION
1. True / False. When the net force is zero, the forces on an object are balanced.
2. True / False. When forces are not balanced, an object may keep moving forever, or could stop.
3. True / False. According to Newton’s First Law of Motion, it is true that an object at rest will stay at rest
until an unbalanced net force acts upon it.
4. True / False. According to Newton’s First Law of Motion, it is true that an object moving at a constant speed
in a straight path will continue to do so until an unbalanced net force acts upon it.
5. True / False. Friction brings many moving objects to a stop.
6. True / False. Friction will never speed up an object.
7. True / False. If you slide a bag of groceries along a countertop, you must first overcome rolling friction.
8. True / False. Walking would be impossible without friction.
9. True / False. The normal force is always opposite in direction to weight.
10. True / False. Air resistance slows the motion of moving objects.
11. True / False. The faster you go, the stronger is the force of air resistance.
12. True / False. Friction can be reduced but never eliminated.
Forms of Energy
 7.1- TSW USE AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF _________________.
 7.2- TSW DEMONSTRATE THAT ___________CAN BE ______________OR ____________.
 Energy (def.) Unit: ________________
 Kinetic Energy (def.) Formula:
 Potential Energy (def.) Formula:
 Elastic Potential Energy (def.) Gravitational Potential Energy (def.) Mechanical Energy (def.) Formula:
 A roller coaster is simply a closed system in which there is a constant ______________ of
_____________ energy and ______________ energy.
 Law of Conservation of Energy (def.) “Indestructible Energy” (Thrill Ride!! pg 17)
1.
6. What causes the warming of the track?
Define: Law of the Conservation of Energy.
7. So, did we destroy the energy? What happened?
2. Compare the amount of energy at the end
of an event to the amount at the beginning.
3. If you were building a roller coaster, which
hill would you make the largest? Why?
4. What would happen if you made the second
hill taller than the first hill?
5. What are the two new forms of energy we
see here?
8. What vehicle has a lot of friction with the air?
9. What vehicle does not have a lot of friction with
the air (air resistance)? (probably your dream car!)
10. In three words, what is kinetic energy?
11. In two words, what is potential energy?
Energy Basics
When you hear the word energy, you may thing of pep or alertness. Scientists, however,
define this term differently. In science, energy is the ability to do work. Work is the result of a
force moving an object from one place to another.
There are two kinds of energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is
energy that makes something move. This is the energy of motion. Potential energy, on the
other hand, is energy that could cause something to move but doesn’t. This is stored energy. A
skier perched at the top of a snowy hill and a hockey star winding up for the winning slap shot
both have potential energy. There are also two types of potential energy: gravitational and
elastic. Objects that store energy due to their height possess gravitational potential energy.
Objects that store energy due to being stretched or compressed, store elastic potential
energy. When potential energy is released it becomes kinetic energy.
Write K for kinetic energy, GP for gravitational potential energy, and EP for elastic potential
energy to indicate what type of energy each phrase describes.
1. _____ Energy at rest
2. _____ The release of stored energy
3. _____ Energy of motion
4. _____ The Hoover Dam holding back the Colorado River’s water
5. _____ A mousetrap set and ready to spring
6. _____ A basketball flying towards the basket
7. _____ A sled released at the top of a snowy hill
8. _____ Ice cream falling out of a cone while a boy is running
9. _____ Rollercoaster at the top of a hill before it starts to go down
10._____ Man about to swing a sledgehammer
11._____ Cupid pulling a bow back, about to release an arrow
12._____ Hot air balloon tied to the ground, ready to be released into the sky
13._____ Baseball flying in the air towards the target on a dunk tank
Inspired by…© 2002 McDONALD PUBLISHING CO.
What is Energy?
In the following examples, indicate whether kinetic or gravitational potential energy or elastic potential energy
is being displayed.
1. ___________________________ A book sits on the edge of a desk.
2. __________________________ A soccer ball is kicked downfield by several soccer players.
3. __________________________ A pendulum swings down and through its range of motion.
4. _________________________ A pendulum is held motionless at the top of its range of movement.
5. __________________________ A spring is compressed and held in place.
6. __________________________ A paper clip moves toward a magnet.
7. __________________________ You hold a ball up as you prepare to bounce it on the floor.
After studying the illustration of the child getting ready to slide down the slide, answer the following questions
about kinetic and gravitational potential energy.
8. At what point(s) is kinetic energy the:
o Highest? _________________
o Lowest? _________________
9. At what point(s) is gravitational potential energy the:
o Highest? _________________
o Lowest? _________________
10. Calculate the GPE for the child waiting at the top of the slide to go down. Use the formula GPE = mgh
to calculate the answer. Show your work. (g = acceleration due to gravity and equals 9.8 m/s2)
11. What factors could influence the amount of kinetic energy possible when the child is sliding down
the slide?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
12. Describe another example of an activity that demonstrates both gravitational potential energy and
kinetic energy in its range of movement.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Inspired by…Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.