Cell Organelles and
Organization
What to consider?
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Prokaryote- organisms that lack nuclei
(bacteria)
Eukaryote- organisms with a nuclei
(plants and animals)
CELL WALL
Location: outside perimeter
 Found in prokaryotes and plants
 Function: gives cells its shape
and protection

Cell Membrane
Location: Outside perimeter
 Also called Plasma Membrane
 Prokaryotes, Plants, & Animals
 Function: controls what enter
and leaves the cell

Structure of Cell Membrane

Selectively Permeable:

pick and chose what is allowed to
enter/exit
Nucleus
Plants and Animals
 Function: Control center for
metabolism and reproduction

Nucleolus
Inside nucleus
 Plants and Animals
 Function: makes ribosomes

Cytoplasm
Location: Jelly-like substance
in between cell membrane
and nucleus
 Plants and Animals &
Prokaryotes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Plants and Animals
 Function: highway of cell;
moves material from one
end to the next

Two Types:


Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER): ribosomes
attached
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Ribosomes
Located in all cells
 Function: makes proteins

Goligi Bodies or Complex



Plants and Animals
Looks like a flattened
stack of pancakes
Modify and transport
proteins to parts of
the cell
Lysosome
Plants and
Animals
 Garbage
disposal;
break down
food or
bacteria

Mitochondria



Plants and
Animals
Powerhouse of
cell
Produces
energy for the
cell
Microtubules
Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
 Gives cell
shape

Microfilaments
Eukaryotes
(plants and
animals)
 Involved
with cell
movement

Centrioles



Inside cells
Eukaryotes- Animal only
Function: cellular division
Capsule


layer of polysaccharide (sometimes
proteins) protects the bacterial cell
Prokaryotic cell
Vacuoles
Plants: one large
 Animals: several small ones
 Function: digest food or
remove excess water (similar
to sponge)

Peroxisomes


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membrane-bound packets of enzymes.
In plant cells, peroxisomes play a
variety of roles including converting
fatty acids to sugar and assisting
chloroplasts in photorespiration.
In animal cells, peroxisomes protect
the cell from its own production of toxic
hydrogen peroxide.
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll; site for
photosynthesis
 Plant cells

Organization of Cells in Living
Things:
Unicellular Organisms
Example: bacteria, fungi,
algae
 Able to carry on all life
processes

Multicellular Organisms

Cells---Tissues---Organ--Organ Systems
Tissue
Group of cells that are
similar and perform same
function
 Types: epithelial (skin),
connective (bone), and
muscle to name a few

Organ


Group of tissues that work
together to perform a
specific function
EX: Stomach, Liver
Organ System


Group of organs that work
together to perform a
function
EX: digestive system