BIOLOGY EOC Quiz 1 Answers
1. C. Producers convert light energy into chemical energy. Without producers,
nothing else has energy.
2. D. Producers. Organisms use energy from the sun to make their own food are
called producers. Grass is a good example of a producer.
3. D. Phytoplankton & bacteria have the most available energy. Organisms that
have the most available energy are at the bottom of an energy pyramid.
4. C. Sunlight is the source of all energy for producers and consumers because
the sun provides the energy for plant life, which then sustains consumers.
5. B. Photosynthesis. Organisms at the bottom of the food pyramid support the
higher levels by supplying energy from sunlight through the process of
photosynthesis.
6. C. The number of minnows would increase. If the bass begin to disappear, the
minnows would increase because the bass would normally eat the minnows.
7. C. primary producers are directly responsible for providing food by
photosynthesis, for the rest of the ecosystem.
8. A. One-way energy flow is found in all food chains. In this case, the frog gets
its energy from the grasshopper, who gets it from the grass.
9. D. Mesquite shrubs. They are producers in a desert ecosystem. Finch= bird.
10. A. There is not enough biomass at lower levels of the food chain in deserts,
for large predators to be supported. Deserts have few producers (cacti,
yuccas, etc) while the savannah is loaded with grasses, which produce much
more food and can support more animals.
11. C. A decrease in vegetation in an area will lead to reduced transpiration and
hence, the evaporation from plant leaves. Therefore, evaporation in the area
will decrease.
12. C. Precipitation results from the water that evaporates from Earth.
13. A. Decomposers are necessary to keep nitrogen and carbon moving through
the cycle, and not locked up in the atmosphere or in other organisms.
14. C. As carbon dioxide. Bacteria use larger carbon containing biomolecules
such as fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Carbon dioxide goes back into the
atmosphere, or is used by plants.
15. D. More runoff water is created, and less is returned to the atmosphere.
Water that would have been returned to the atmosphere by transpiration,
runs off into water bodies.
16. C. temperature and rainfall are factors which give a ecosystem its unique
characteristics. Any change in these factors will change the characteristics of
the area.
17. D. temperature and rainfall are physical factors that have the GREATEST
effect on types of plants that could thrive in an ecosystem. They are the
factors that help make each biome unique. Animal populations are not
physical factors.
18. C. Since the Yangtze empties into the Sea of Shanghai the pollution will travel
and have effects on surrounding countries. Not only does the Yangtze empty
into a larger body of water, it is also one of the main supplies of drinking
water in the area. The other statements are untrue statements.
19. B. runoff of pesticides into streams and lakes. This is more likely to affect the
food web by biomagnification or by toxicity. The others directly affect the
nitrogen cycle.
20. B. Plants absorb sulfates and phosphates present in the soil through their
roots. Processes such as acid rain and decomposition introduce sulfates into
the soil. Sulfur and phosphorus are important constituents of fertilizers.
21. B. An increase in the number of other grazing antelope. This causes an
increased competition, and the weaker individuals are likely to die out.
22. D. Individual birds with the mutation will be more likely to survive and
reproduce than birds without the mutation. In other words, the mutuation
has enhanced the fitness of the organisms that have more pointed beaks.
23. D. The weaker weevils were killed, and Farmer Fran accidentally caused only
pesticide-resistant beatles to survive. This is a classic case of survival of the
fittest in artificial selection.
24. C. Based on the data, we could hypothesize that the amount of snow cover
varied over the years. Winter white coloration is an adaptation for survival in
the snowy area. If more gray rabbits are surviving, there must be less snow.
25. B. Assuring a habitat remains unaltered. The threats cause changes in an
ecosystem that can bring about extinction of a species by hunting,
introducing toxins, and new competition.
26. A. Both the artic fox and snowshoe hare have physically changed over time in
ways that related species have not. These changes are adaptations to climate,
specifically to cold and snow.
27. C. Trees in a forest compete for sunlight. The taller trees block out the sun
from the plants growing underneath them. Therefore, the type of plant that
would grow best in a forest is one that needs little sunlight, such as a fern.
28. D. The change in fur color would occur over time as a way to camouflage the
squirrel in a changing habitat. This is similar to the change in moth color in
England due to an increase in soot on trees during the Industrial Revolution.
The darker squirrels survive as the trees darken. These are the squirrels that
reproduce.
29. B. Because the panther population has little genetic diversity, it is not well
suited to adapt to any changes in the environment. Populations that are small
and lack genetic diversity have a greater likelihood of extinction.
30. C. Because of the gradual change in habitat, modern horses are taller with
longer legs and are capable of great speed to escape predators. No longer
living in forests, early horses lived in the open grassland and in clear sight of
predators. Over time the fastest horses survived and reproduced. Modern
horses have also developed teeth that allow them to graze grass instead of
browsing in the forest on leaves and trees.
BIOLOGY EOC Quiz #2 Answers
1. B. Competition. When two species use the same resource, they may compete for
the natural resource when it is in short supply.
2. B. Smelt are one trophic level down from perch. Removing the perch would
cause less predation pressure on the smelt, so they would at least temporarily,
increase.
3. C. The food web would completely collapse without the producers to start the
base of the food chains. Without plants, nutrients and oxygen would be in short
supply.
4. A. March shows the lowest population level, and therefore, the lowest
availability of natural resources in the year presented.
5. C. In an ecological pyramid, the amount of food available decreases from bottom
to top. This is evident because the pyramid gets narrower at each trophic level
on the way up.
6. B. An increase in predation will decrease the population because more members
are likely to be consumed by the growing number of predators.
7. C. A forest ecosystem can support a limited number of bears. This is because
available energy is lost from one trophic level to the next.
8. B. Any abiotic or biotic factor in an ecosystem that causes a population’s size to
slow or decrease is a limiting factor. Limiting factors control the population
growth process.
9. B. The carrying capacity of any population will stay the same unless
environmental conditions change. Carrying capacity is determined by: the
amount of resources available in an ecosystem, the size of a population, and the
amount of resources each individual is consuming.
10. A. The Nile perch is competitively excluding the pike cichlid. The graph clearly
shows strong competition for resources, and that the Nile perch is winning.
11. D. The wolf carrying-capacity rises as moose populations increase, but with a
delayed effect. More resources mean that the environment can support more
organisms (carrying capacity). In the graph, one can see that wolf populations
rise and fall several years after the moose populations rise and fall.
12. B. A biotic factor that affects the size of a population is the number of predators
present. As predator number increases, prey number decreases.
13. B. A collection of interacting populations together with all abiotic components in
the same area is called an ecosystem. An example of an ecosystem is a swamp.
14. B. When births outnumber deaths, a population increases in size.
15. C. The discovery of penicillin before World War II now allows the cure of many
common bacterial infections that were not previously treatable. Previously, this
would have resulted in many deaths. While K (carrying capacity) may oscillate
somewhat, it is not likely that Earth, being a closed system, would have had a
dramatically different K in recorded human history, or the population would
have reflected this.
16. D. The removal of a keystone species could cause their natural prey to multiply
and destroy the dominant vegetation of the ecosystem. Kelp is the foundation
species in the ecosystem. Sea urchins consume the kelp. If the sea urchin
numbers are not kept in check by the sea otters, they will rapidly multiply and
destroy the kept vegetation. Therefore, sea otters are a keystone species as they
prevent the herbivorous species from completely destroying a plant species.
17. D. The radioactive waste is unsafe and hard to store safely. The long half-life of
waste created by nuclear power plants is a problem, the waste must be stored in
specially created storage containers and if it leaks, it can cause a great deal of
environmental damage.
18. B. Frogs can live at the lowest pH. They would be least influenced by a drop in
pH and would be the last to die out due to an increase in acid rain.
19. C. To decrease the erosion of the Earth’s surface, people show allow natural
vegetation to grow. Land used to grow crops experiences much more erosion
than land with natural vegetation. Human interference with land frequently
causes erosion.
20. D. These advancements are very expensive and are not available to everyone.
The others are positive aspects of these advancements in transportation.
21. A. While fossil fuels may lead to acid rain, this does not happen everywhere.
Global warming is a larger problem.
22. B. Assuring a habitat remains unaltered. The threats cause changes in the
ecosystem that can bring about extinction of a species by hunting, introducing
toxins, and new competition.
23. D. The single MOST important factor in modern-day species extinction is habitat
destruction. Deforestation is a type of habitat destruction. So is plowing up
prairies, paving over farmland, and building up coastal areas.
24. A. A ecostem with a greater biodiversity tends to be more resistant to change
and, it would help the ecosystem become more stable. With greater biodiversity,
the ability of the ecosystem to recover after any catastrophic event becomes
greater, which make the overall health of the ecosystem better.
25. C. The fishing industry has declined and there is a reduction in marine species
due MOSTLY to overfishing and habitat loss. While many factors play a roll in
the decline, including some of the other answer choices, these two are the most
likely reasons.
26. C. Sweet peas seem to die back in dry years, allowing the less sensitive chickory
to outcompete them.
27. B. As the pH decreases, the number of surviving species decreases. All nine
animals survive at a pH as low as 6. As the pH continue to decrease, the number
of surviving species also decreases. At pH 4, only the frogs survive.
28. B. In primary succession, an ecosystem must be created from scratch. The
lichens and mosses in this example, erode the rock and create soil that the sea
grasses can later grow in. Shrubs and coconut trees would not appear until
much later.
29. B. Immigration is the movement of new individuals into an existing population.
This is just like social studies and the immigrants that come to the USA from
foreign lands.
30. B. Seconary succession is the regular progression of species replacement in an
area once occupied by previous growth.
EOC Quiz #3 Cells-1
1. C. The purpose of the cell membrane is to control what enters and leaves the cell
because it is selectively permeable.
2. A. Enzymes in the chloroplast split water, use the hydrogen ions to make ATP, then
use the ATP to tack hydrogen onto carbon dioxide, and to make sugars.
3. B. The cell wall is the outer structure of most plant cells, but is absent in animal cells.
4. D. The site of cellular respiration is the mitochondria. The nucleus is the control
center, Golgi bodies package materials, and the endoplasmic reticulum is the
transportation system within the cell.
5. B. Ribosomes use instructions from DNA to produce proteins. Cells do not produce
water or salt, and lipids are made in the endoplasmic reticulum.
6. D. The cell membrane decides what comes in and goes out of the cell. If it was
removed, waste, liquids, or germs could get in and disrupt the cell’s homeostasis.
The other answer choices would affect the cell’s homeostasis on a smaller level.
7. A. Prokaryotes (bacteria) have no nucleus. Eukaryotes do have a nucleus.
8. B. All known living cells have cytoplasm.
9. B. The cell is a eukaryotic animal cell because it has no chloroplasts, has a
membrane-bound nucleus, and membrane-bound organelles.
10. A. According to the cell theory, both are single cells that carry out the functions of
life. One cell, the eukaryote, has a nucleus and organelles. The other, the prokaryote,
does not have a nucleus. Both cells can reproduce.
11. B. DNA in prokaryotes, like bacteria, is not enclosed within a nucleus. Eukaryotic
cells have a true nucleus that houses the DNA or genetic material.
12. A. Ribosomes are common to eukaryotes, like animals, and prokaryotes, like
bacteria. All of the other answer choices are possessed by eukaryotes only.
13. D. Bacteria have only prokaryotic cells, which are very small, simple cells that do not
have a nuclear membrane.
14. D. An ezyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction by bringing the
reactants together (& by lowering the activation energy). Enzymes can be used over
and over again.
15. A. Pepsin is most active at a low pH, similar to that of the stomach.
16. A. They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions. Enzymes squeeze on the
substrate and weaken chemical bonds, lowering the energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
17. C. substrate; active site. Enzymes have an active site that has just the right shape to
bind to one of the reacting molecules or substrate.
18. B. The photosynthetic rate is the greatest at 30 degrees Celcius. After that
temperature, there is a rapid decline in the photosynthetic rate.
19. D. facilitated diffusion is a type of diffusion involving protein channels that helps
the substance get into the cell, based on their lock and key fit. This is important in
regulating what comes in and goes out.
20. B. The cell will lose H2O and shrink. This situation describes what happens in a
hypertonic solution.
21. C. When a cell is transferred from a hypotonic to a hypertonic solution, water will
move out of the cell. As a result, the cell will shrink in size.
22. C. Homeostasis. The regulation of materials into or out of the cell is crucial to
maintaining nutrition and avoiding the buildup of toxins.
23. D. Molecules move randomly during diffusion from higher concentrations to lower
concentrations until equilibrium is met. Diffusion is defined as the movement from a
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location where there is higher concentration of molecules to a place where there is a
lower concentration of molecules.
D. When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the solute concentration
inside the cell is much more than the solute outside it. So water will move into the
cell. As a result, the cell will expand and become turgid.
A. All are methods a cell maintains homeostasis. They occur across the cell
membrane to ensure amounts and concentrations of cell particles and solutions are
regulated.
D. Membrane proteins act like gates, allowing substances to follow their
concentration gradient, based on a lock and key fit.
C. Active transport is the process by which molecules are moved from an area in
which they are less concentrated to an area where they are more concentrated.
D. The process of osmosis transports water across a cell membrane. Osmosis is an
important topic in biology because it provides the primary means by which water is
transported into and out of cells.
A. Loss of water through osmosis. The protozoan would shrivel up, if it did not have
a way to replace freshwater in its cells.
D. Osmosis is a passive transport process in which water passes across a membrane
from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
B. Endocytosis is a form of active transport across the cell membrane that allows
large quantities of food to enter the cell at once.
C. Exocytosis allows removal of large amounts of material from the cell in a short
period of time.
B. Exocytosis is the movement of a substance to the outside of a cell through a
vesicle. It can move a large amount of material out of the cell in a short time. Exo
meaning exit and cyto meaning cell.
C. Shrink. A 25% salt solution is hypertonic and will cause the cell membrane to
shrivel and draw away from the plant cell wall. Water rushes out of the cell and into
the NaCl solution.
D. Ribosomes produce proteins. (remember that proteins are made up of amino
acids)
EOC Quiz #4 Cells- 2
1. B. fats. In any lipid or fat, there is a high ratio of C:H with few oxygen atoms present.
This ratio provides the maximum amount of energy production during
decomposition. Sugars, complex carbohydrates (starches), and proteins all produce
about the same amount of energy. Organisms only use protein for energy when they
are malnourished. Without bread or toast, there are almost no carbohydrates in this
breakfast.
2. B. proteins. An enzyme acts to speed up a chemical reaction. Enzymes are proteins.
They act as catalysts to lower the activation energy needed to start certain chemical
reactions.
3. C. all are true EXCEPT - DNA contains the base uracil, while RNA contains the base
thymine instead (the opposite is true).
4. A. carbon. Breads are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The carbon is
used to classify it as a organic compound. Polysaccharides are composed of large
chains of monosaccharides, but they all contain just those three elements.
5. C. Saturated. Saturated lipids are solids at room temperature and form body fat.
6. B. CGT is the next step in the sequence. G becomes C, C is G, and A is T. C-G A-T
7. D. Uracil. The base uracil is found in RNA but never in DNA. The base thymine is
found in DNA but never in RNA. The base cytosine and adenine are found in both
DNA and RNA.
8. C. The lipids form an insoluble barrier. Remember, water and oil do not mix. We
could say water and lipids do not mix and lipids separate the watery interior of the
cell from the watery exterior.
9. B. lipids (fats). You should pack foods high in fats. Fats or lipids are very large
molecules that contain many high-energy bonds. These bonds provide twice as
much energy per gram than the other common macromolecules/
10. C. AUCAUCAUC. This sequence is the expected complementary base pair
arrangement when DNA is transcribed into single-stranded mRNA. In mRNA, U
replaces T.
11. C. Carbohydrate. Karen can conclude that the unknown substance is a carbohydrate.
Benedicts solution is a blue colored liquid that contains copper ions. When
Benedicts solution and simple carbohydrates are heated, the solution changes to
orange-red.
12. B. margarine. Margarine is fat, therefore, it would test positively for lipids by the
brown paper bag test.
13. Bread & Pasta are being found in the picture- C. Lugols solution (also known as
Iodine) changes from yellowish-brown to dark brown/black in the presence of
complex carbohydrates, or starches, found in breads and pasta. Benedicts is used for
simple carbohydrates such as sugar.
14. B. protein. The biuret test is used to identify polypeptide chains or proteins. Biuret
solution is a blue liquid that changes to purple when proteins are present.
15. D. Benedicts solution. Benedicts turns to a shade of orangeish-red when coming into
contact with carbohydrates. Iodine is used to test for the presence of starches, or
complex carbohydrates.
16. A. lipid. According to the test results, the unknown is a lipid. When Sudan red is
added to a mixture of lipids and water, the dye will move into the lipid layer coloring
it red. Benedicts and Biurets showed no positive color change.
17. A. Biuret solution. Biurets turns purple in the presence of proteins.
18. C. reducing sugar. Reducing sugar, or simple sugar, would be present if Benedicts
turns orange. Lugol’s would have turned dark brown to black if starch were present
and Biurets would have turned purple if proteins had been present.
19. A. Sudan red. Using Sudan red can show the amount and location of lipids.
20. C. Sudan red solution actually dyes the lipids red when in their presence.
21. B. DNA replication. Replication produces 2 DNA chains from 1 original template by
unzipping the DNA and filling in the gaps with loose A,G,C, and Ts.
22. C. cell division. The process of DNA replication occurs just before cell division. A
copy of the DNA sequence must exist in each new cell.
23. B. A-B-D- then C. The chromosomes start in a dense nucleus and then the nuclear
membrane disappears. The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and
separate into chromatids. They then move toward the poles. Eventually
chromosomes form a tangle of nuclear material at opposite ends and a new nuclear
membrane appears.
24. D. replicate its chromosomes. During the cell cycle, specifically interphase, a cell
must reach a sufficient size and produce enough ATP in order to replicate its
chromosomes. Most of interphase is spent in G1, followed by S or synthesis of
chromosomes and then a second growth phase. This phases produces more ATP so
the cell can divide.
25. D. single. Single simpler organisms continue to live as a single cell. Complex
organisms divide using mitosis so that the organism can grow.
26. C. R, P, Q. Stage R shows the chromosomes lined up at the equator of the cell. Stage
P shows the chromatids being pulled apart to the opposite ends of each new cell.
Stage Q shows the nuclear membrane forming again around the chromosomes.
27. C. metaphase. C represents metaphase because the chromosomes are aligned on the
equator or midline of the cell.
28. D. growth, chromosome replication, repair of chromosomal errors, duplication of
cell organelles. Before cell reproduction (or mitosis) can proceed, the following
must occur
29. D. telophase. All items occur during telophase of mitosis.
30. D. In mitotic cell division, the chromosomes are first copied and lined up at the
equator. The chromatids are then pulled apart and the nuclear membrane forms
again before the cell divides.
Quiz #5 Heredity/ Genetics & Controlled Experiments
1. Ribosomes use instructions from DNA to produce proteins. Cells do not produce water or salt,
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and lipids are made in the endoplasmic reticulum.
A gene is a segment of DNA. It is a specific sequence of nucleotides that code for a protein or a
specific trait.
A gene is a segment of a chromosomes; it is a specific sequence of nucleotides that code for a
protein.
The manufacture of proteins is correct. Ribosomes receive an mRNA message and produce
proteins.
All three possible genetypes of Pp, PP and pp will appear in the Punnett square of a cross
between a Pp and a Pp pea plant.
75% Three of the four offspring, or 75%, would look like the parents. Both heterozygous (Rr) and
homozygous dominant (RR) will show the dominant feature of the parents. Remember, this is a
prediction based on the ratio seen in the Punnett square.
Rr × rrThis would give the expected ratio.
The female fox must have a genotype of ww because she has a tan-coat. If she mates with a male
with a genotype of WW, then all of their offspring will be white-coated with a genotype of Ww.
50%Half of this couple's children will be SS', meaning that they have malaria resistance. The
other half will have a normal genotype like their father (SS).
According to the outcome of a Punnett square, each child will have a 25% chance of suffering
from cystic fibrosis.
In this case, about 25% will be homozygous dominant with tall stems, about 50% will be
heterozygous for tall stems, and 25% will be homozygous recessive and have short stems. This
ratio of off-spring are typical of a cross between Tt and Tt.
With the data of offspring, the parent cows genotype would most likely be Bb x Bb. This
genotypic cross would yield a expected ratio of 75% black and white cows (either BB or Bb) and a
25% chance of brown and white cows (bb). The 8:3 ratio is not exactly what was expected, but it
is close and could very much happen in the real world.
Based on the information given in the pedigree chart, the following statement is NOT true: Males
can be carriers of the disease by inheriting only one allele for the disease. This is evidenced by
the fact that there are affected males that are offspring of unaffected males.
Based on the pedigree chart you can assume the mother was a carrier for a sex-linked disease.
Sex-linked disorders affect mostly males.
The shaded squares are males with a heritable trait. In any genetic pedigree, the squares
represent males and the circles represent females. Shading means that the organism in question has
the inherited trait.
Haploid cells are sex cells with half the original chromosome number. The mother cell
undergoes meiosis to produce sex cells with half the chromosomes. If the mother cell has 46
chromosomes, then the sex cell will have 23.
In meiosis, four haploid cells are created. (sex cells = gametes)
Meiosis accounts for species diversity. Meiosis results in four rather than two daughter cells, each
with a haploid set of chromosomes. Meiosis is responsible for producing gametes or sex cells.
12 chromosomes will be found in each sex cell because sperm and egg contain one-half of the
genetic information that is found in body cells.
Individual birds with the mutation will be more likely to survive and reproduce than birds
without the mutation. In other words, the mutation has enhanced the fitness of the organisms that
have more pointed beaks.
The relative frequency of the mutation will increase as time passes. Because this mutation is
an advantage, it will increase in frequency with time.
Large scale forest fires would most significantly affect the black bear population, as that would
be burning down their largest source of food.
23. Mel. Mel's data is closest to the actual mass of baking soda (accurate) and it is also consistent
(precise). Ginny's data is precise but inaccurate.
24. The answer is balances with different levels of precision. To have a controlled experiment the
same equipment with the same level of precision should be used in each trial.
25. To minimize researcher bias. Fresh eyes pick up mistakes or problems you may over look.
26. Scientists should exhibit curiosity, honesty, openness, and skepticism, not experimenter bias
when conducting scientific experiments.
27. The conclusion is not valid; there were fewer bacteria cultures on the soap plates.
The more bacteria cultures on the plate, the less effective the hand cleaning method. Both soap
brands had the fewest cultures growing, therefore they were more effective at killing bacteria than
the hand sanitizer or warm water.
28. Candice's conclusion is valid; bass and mayflies begin to die when the pH reaches 5.5. Clams
and snails would die once the pH level dropped to 5. Bass and mayflies require a pH of 5.5. If the
pH level drops to 5.4, they will die.