Local Energy Action Plan
Review of progress between 2006/07
- 2015/16
25 May 2017
Contents
Section 1 - Purpose
1
1.1
Strategic Context .............................................................................................................. 1
1.2
Information sources .......................................................................................................... 4
1.3
Calculation of emissions ................................................................................................... 4
1.4
Calculation of energy consumption ................................................................................... 4
Section 2 – Corporate Sector
5
2.1
Analysis of corporate energy use ...................................................................................... 5
2.2
Summary of Corporate LEAP progress ............................................................................. 6
2.3
Corporate energy costs and consumption ......................................................................... 9
2.4
Buildings ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.4.1
Margaret River Recreation Centre ............................................................................... 14
2.4.2
Turner Caravan Park ................................................................................................... 16
2.4.3
Shire Administration Building ....................................................................................... 17
2.4.4
Flinders Bay Caravan Park .......................................................................................... 18
2.4.5
Augusta Civic Centre................................................................................................... 19
2.4.6
Margaret River Library ................................................................................................. 20
2.4.7
Margaret River Depot .................................................................................................. 21
2.5
Vehicle Fleet ................................................................................................................... 22
2.6
Street Lighting................................................................................................................. 23
2.7
Key Corporate LEAP actions .......................................................................................... 25
2.8
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 25
Section 3 – Community Sector
26
3.1
Analysis of community energy use .................................................................................. 26
3.2
Summary of progress...................................................................................................... 26
3.3
Residential ...................................................................................................................... 28
3.4
Business ......................................................................................................................... 29
3.5
Waste ............................................................................................................................. 31
3.7
Implementation of LEAP ................................................................................................. 32
3.8
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 33
Appendix 1: Solar PV generation (M/R Rec Centre, M/R Library, Civic Centre) ......................... 34
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Alignment with Community Strategic Plan
This document relates to Goal 1 - Valuing the natural environment in the Community Strategic
Plan.
Goal 1
Valuing the natural environment
Goal 2
Welcoming and inclusive communities
Goal 3
Managing growth sustainably
Goal 4
Vibrant and diverse economy
Goal 5
Effective leadership and governance
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Section 1 - Purpose
This following report provides an analysis of carbon emissions, energy consumption and energy
costs generated by the Shire as an organisation towards (‘corporate’ emissions), and those
generated by the community. The report provides a review of progress to date in achieving carbon
reduction goals as set out in the adopted Local Energy Action Plan (LEAP). The report does not
provide a review of LEAP actions, which was undertaken in 2014, and are considered adequate
actions in place to achieve adopted LEAP objectives. Consequential changes are limited to LEAP
are limited to highlight is actions that have already been implemented.
1.1
Strategic Context
The Shire has adopted a number of strategic documents in accordance with the statewide Integrated
Planning Framework. The Corporate Plan (2016-20) and Community Strategic Plan (2033) include
a number of responses to climate change and a commitment to achieve goals set out in the LEAP,
including preparation of regular progress reports. These documents set out the strategic framework
and a course of action for the Shire to address energy use and greenhouse emissions.
The LEAP document sets the following targets:
Corporate sector
Reduce emissions generated from Shire buildings and vehicle fleet by 30% below 2006/07 levels by
2020.
Reduce emissions generated from street lighting, or energy use in street lighting by 20% below
2006/07 per capita rates by 2020.
Community sector
Assist community to reduce emissions, or energy use by 20% below 2006/07 per capita rates by
2020.
Encourage community to source 20% of its energy from renewable energy sources by 2020.
Corporate Plan 2016-2020
This plan sets out the projects and services the Shire will deliver over the next 4 years that work
towards achieving the outcomes identified in the Community Strategic Plan. The following section
outlines the Shire’s planned responses to climate change.
1
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Figure 1 - Corporate Plan 2016-2020
Cities for Climate Protection
The Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) organisation was formed in 2004. CCP was delivered by
Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), in collaboration with the Australian Government
through the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA). The intent of
the program was to reduce greenhouse emissions within a local government context across
Australia, and included a 5 milestone framework as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conduct an inventory and forecast for community and corporate greenhouse gas emissions;
Establish an emissions reduction goal;
Develop and adopt a Local Energy Action Plan;
Implement the Local Energy Action Plan; and
Monitor and report on implementation of the Local Energy Action Plan.
The CCP was disbanded in 2010. Despite this, Council progressed with preparation of the LEAP in
the line with the 5 milestone framework.
Community Strategic Plan 2033
This plan builds on past strategic planning work, address community challenges and sets out the
actions required to work towards achieving our shared vision. Goal 1 of the document (as outlined
below) outlines a number of outcomes and strategies targeted towards reducing greenhouse
emissions and adoption of renewable energy.
2
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Figure 1.1 - Community Strategic Plan 2033
3
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1.2
Information sources
Information in this report was sourced from the following data sources:
Corporate sector
Buildings – (Planet Footprint energy reporting, Department of Environment)
Streetlights - (Planet Footprint energy reporting, Shire records)
Vehicle Fleet – (Planet Footprint energy reporting, Unifleet, Shire records)
Community sector
Residential – Western Power
Business – Western Power
Waste – Shire records
1.3
Calculation of emissions
The Australian Government (Department of Environment) report on National Greenhouse Accounts
Factors (2016) has been used for converting electricity (kWh) to carbon emissions (CO²). Scope 2
emissions conversion rates has been used for calculating electricity consumed at Shire owned
assets. Scope 3 emissions conversion rates has been used for all offsite electricity i.e. streetlights
and community electricity.
Scope 2 emissions
Scope 2 emissions are physically produced by the burning of fuels (coal, natural gas, etc.) at the
power station. Indirect emission factors are used to calculate scope 2 emissions from the generation
of electricity purchased and consumed by an organisation i.e. the Shire.
Scope 3 emissions
Scope 3 emissions occur from sources not owned or controlled by the company i.e. streetlights, and
community energy. Some examples of scope 3 activities are extraction and production of purchased
materials; transportation of purchased fuels; and use of products and services.
Table 1.1: Emission factors
Financial Year
EF (Emission factor) for scope 2
EF (Emission factor) for scope 3
Kg CO2-e/kWh
Kg CO2-e/kWh
0.86
0.86
0.83
0.81
0.79
0.77
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.96
0.97
0.95
0.91
0.87
0.84
0.83
0.81
0.79
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
Latest Estimate
1.4
Calculation of energy consumption
Energy consumption is measured in GJ for all sectors with the exception of waste, which is measured
in tonnes (t).
4
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Section 2 – Corporate Sector
2.1
Analysis of corporate energy use
Changes in energy use and emissions have been tracked to determine whether progress has been
achieved in accordance with adopted targets. The corporate sector of the LEAP is separated into
the following categories:
•
•
•
Buildings – emissions generated from Shire vested buildings;
Vehicle fleet – emissions generated from Shire owned and operated vehicles; and
Streetlights – emissions generated from all public streetlights.
Figure 2.1 identifies the average energy use for street lighting, vehicle fleet and buildings:
Figure 2.1 – Analysis of energy use in the corporate sector
18%
Streetlights
Vehicle fleet
55%
Buildings
27%
A number of actions have been implemented following adoption of the LEAP. The majority of actions
have targeted buildings, as this is where actions can be easily implemented and where the biggest
impact is most likely to be realised. Actions relating to vehicle fleet and streetlight areas are more
difficult to achieve as it relies on technological advancements, such as availability of LED streetlights
and electric vehicles. Whilst the vehicle fleet and buildings are owned or leased by the Shire,
streetlights are owned and managed by Western Power and therefore the Shire has little control to
effect change (i.e. installation of LED street lights) in this sector. Actions set out in LEAP take into
consideration, costs, payback period, and timescale to implement a reduction in carbon emissions.
The Shire has tracked emissions and energy use dating back to 2006/07 (base year) through to
2015/16 (reporting year).
5
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2.2
Summary of Corporate LEAP progress
Table 2.1 below sets out emissions and energy costs, for buildings, vehicle fleet and streetlight
sectors, for the 2006/07 ‘base year’. It also forecasts emissions and energy costs for 2020 (‘target
year’) based on a calculated 56% population increase over the same period (WA Tomorrow). Table
1 sets out the emission targets for 2020. The Council Target for 2020 are reflective of the adopted
LEAP corporate and community goals.
Table 2.1: LEAP Targets
A summary of progress against the above objectives are provided below:
Buildings and Vehicle fleet
• There has been a 10% reduction in emissions from buildings and a 31% reduction in
emissions from the Shire’s vehicle fleet. Overall there has been a combined 19% reduction
for these sectors.
• There has been an overall increase of 3% in energy consumption. This is considered an
achievement, considering there has been an increase in population of around 20% over the
reporting period, resulting in increased servicing requirements.
• There has been an increase in building emissions since the end of 2010/11, primarily as a
result of ceasing to purchase green power.
Street lighting
• Overall, emissions generated from street lighting have increased by 7% over the reporting
period and energy consumption by 15%.
• As at 2015/16, there has been a 4% decrease in energy use and an 11% decrease in
emissions when compared to per capita rates in 2006/07.
Figure 2.2 below clearly shows that there was a significant drop in emissions in 2007/08. This change
was a result of Council committing to purchase 25% of its electricity from renewable (green power)
energy sources. The effects of purchasing green power were a significant decrease in emissions
up until the end of 2010/11 financial year when purchase of green power was abandoned. As a result
of stopping the purchase of green power there was an average of a 20% increase in emissions in
2010/11 through to 2015/16 from previous years. This increase has been tempered by a significant
reduction in emissions between 2013/14 – 1015/16 as a result of increased solar PV installations,
and purchase of carbon offsets. These offsets are reflected in Figures 2.2 and, 2.3 below where
emissions reduction in the vehicle fleet component has been achieved through accredited carbon
offsets.
Whilst actions have been implemented successfully through the building and vehicle fleet areas,
further action is required in the street lighting sector to achieve the proposed targets. In light of the
6
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recent increases in corporate emissions (since 2010/11) continued funding of the LEAP program will
be required (through the budget and grant funding) in order to achieve targets.
Figure 2.2: Corporate emissions by sector
Corporate emissions (Co²) by sector
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
Vehicle fleet
10/11'
11/12'
Electricity
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
14/15'
15/16'
Streetlights
Figure 2.3: Corporate Emissions
Total corporate emissions (CO²)
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
7
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
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Figures 2.4 and 2.5 below provides a breakdown of the total energy consumption by fuel type (vehicle
fleet, buildings and streetlights), and total energy consumption for all sectors. The data shows that
there has been relatively little increase in energy consumption across all sectors. This is attributed
to actions including vehicles that are more efficient, offsets through solar PV generation, and energy
behaviour awareness.
Figure 2.4: Corporate Energy Consumption by fuel type
Total consumption by fuel type (Gj)
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
Vehicle fleet
10/11'
11/12'
Buildings
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
Streetlights
Figure 2.5: Corporate energy consumption
Corporate energy consumption
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
06/07'
8
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
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2.3
Corporate energy costs and consumption
The following bullet points provide a financial summary of the Shire’s spending on energy use and
consumption between 2006/07 through to 2015/16 (the reporting period):
•
•
•
•
The average annual expenditure is $310k (50%) greater than what the Shire spent on energy
in 2006/07. This is largely due to the significant increase in electricity tariffs over the same
period. Energy costs are expected to grow as electricity and oil prices increase.
Costs associated with energy sourced from electricity (buildings and streetlights) has risen
by 57% over the reporting period however electrcity consumption has risen by only 6% over
the same period.
Figure 2.6 indicates that vehicle fleet expenditure has decreased significantly in 2014/15 and
2015/16. This is a direct result of reduced fuel costs, contributed by a minor reduction in
consumption. The Shire’s shift to more efficient vehciles has assisted towards reduced costs
and consumption.
With the exception of . This was due to a number of reasons including changing electricity
providers, securing a better tarriff rate and removal of green power.
Trends show that the costs of energy is significantly higher for electricity. In general, costs are
expected to increase further as resources such as oil and coal become less available and cost of
resources go up. In order to reduce energy costs the Shire will need to consider alternative forms of
energy such as renwables and to encourage the use of energy conservation throughout the Shire
as an organisation.
Figure 2.6: Corporate energy costs by sector
Corporate energy costs $ (thousands) per sector
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
Vehicle fleet
9
10/11'
11/12'
Buildings
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
Streetlights
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Figure 2.7: Corporate energy costs overall
Corporate energy costs $ (thousands)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
On an encouraging note, the Shire’s electricity tariff (per kwh unit of electricity) has decreased for all
of the Shire’s major sites from 14/15 to 15/16 (see Figure 2.8 below). The reason for the reduction
in electricity reduction is primarily due to re-signing of a more cost effective energy contract with
Perth Energy in 2015. The Margaret River Library is on a separate tariff, priced at a higher tariff rate.
This contract is up for review in October 2018.
Figure 2.8: Electricity tarriff costs 2014/15 vs 2015/16 (Source: Planet Footprint)
2.4
Buildings
Figures 2.9 and 2.10 below provide an overall picture of the amount of emissions (CO²) generated
and energy consumption (kWh) used within Shire buildings for the period between 2006/07 through
to 2015/16. The following changes in emissions and energy use have occurred in Shire buildings:
•
10
There has been a 10% reduction in carbon emissions between 2006/07 and 2015/16 for all
Shire buildings. There has been a 7% increase in electricity use from buildings. Despite
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•
increasing consumption, emission reduction has been achieved due to installation of
renewables, carbon off-sets, more efficient vehicles and similar actions.
Carbon emissions has increased significantly since 2010/11. This is primarily due to green
power no longer being purchased as a means of offsetting emissions. It is also due to
construction of a number of new buildings and significant extensions to existing buildings.
Figure 2.9: Building emissions
Shire Building Emissions (CO²)
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
14/15'
15/16'
Figure 2.10: Shire buildings energy consumption
Shire buildings electricy use (GJ)
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
The majority of corporate emissions are generated from Shire buildings. There are also opportunities
to effect change through alternative energy supplies and energy efficiency measures for buildings.
Buildings are therefore the primary focus of the corporate energy audit. There are approximately 50
buildings owned and managed by the Shire. The following buildings in Figure 2.11 make up
approximately 90 % of all building emissions and costs.
11
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Figure 2.11 - Shire buildings with the highest energy use
5%
5%
3% 3%
Recreation Centre
Turner Caravan Park
11%
Shire offices
Flinders Caravan Park
Augusta Civic Centre
57%
16%
Margaret River Library
Shire depot
Table 2.2 provides a summary of the overall changes in electricity consumption and electricity costs
for key Shire buildings between 06/07 and 15/16. The data shows average changes in energy
consumption (%) and electricity costs over the reporting period compared to energy
consumption/electricity costs from the base year. The data identifies that there was an overall
increase in electricity consumption of all buildings with the exception of the Recreation Centre and
Margaret River Library which has reduced its overall electricity consumption by 3% and 5%
respectively over the reporting period. Although this is only a small percentage in reduction for the
Recreation Centre it does however result in a large overall reduction in kWh units due to the higher
proportion of electricity used within the building. The reduction in energy consumption is primarily
due to installation of solar PV installations rather than reduction in actual energy usage. As seen
below, there has been an increase in electricity costs across all buildings due mainly to an overall
increase in electricity tariffs during the reporting period. The table below indicates that the Shire
spends $142k more per annum on electricity, in comparison to the base year (2006/07). Of
importance, the only two buildings (Recreation Centre and the library) who have installed solar
(Augusta Civic Centre recently installed also) are the only buildings that have reduced their
consumption of electricity from the grid.
12
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Table 2.2 - Average annual change in electricity use/costs between 06/07 and 15/16
Sector
Recreation
Turner
Centre
Caravan Park
Average
annual change
in electricity
costs since
2006/07
Average
annual change
in electricity
use since
2006/07
Shire
offices
Flinders
Caravan
Park
Augusta
Civic Centre
M/R
Library
Shire
Depot
+ $65,000
+ $26,000
+ $22,000 + $12,000
+ $7,000
+ $3,000
+ $7,000
- 3%
+ 15%
+ 15%
+ 8%
- 5%
+ 75%
+ 102%
A detailed analysis of the energy used within each of the above buildings (between 2006/07 and
2015/16) is outlined in the following pages, and includes the following:
•
•
•
13
Percentage change over time for energy consumption (GJ) and energy charges;
Quarterly comparison of energy use (GJ) to previous years; and
Annual totals of energy consumption (GJ) and energy costs (in thousands).
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2.4.1
Margaret River Recreation Centre
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Conducted two energy audits of all 3 phase power equipment;
• Replaced inefficient lighting with LED lighting throughout the building;
• Installed 21kW solar panel and wind turbine system;
• Installed smart meter to ensure better management of energy use;
• Installed pool blankets to reduce heat loss from the pool; and
• Purchased hot water saving equipment to reduce electricity (to be installed 2017/18).
Observations/Trends in energy use
• Energy consumption has decreased by 3% during the reporting period in comparison to the
base year. The decrease in energy consumption is likely a result of electricity offset from
solar PV installation and other initiatives rather than changes in energy use.
• There was an average increase in annual electricity costs of $65,000 over the electricity costs
of the base year. This is primarily due to increased electricity tariffs.
• There was an 11% (100,000 kwh) increase in electricity consumption between 2014/15 –
2015/16. This is likely because of increased hot water consumption in the shower blocks
during the same period. During the same period, there was an ‘occupancy increase’ of 40%
between the two financial years (see detailed attachment and explanation on following page).
• Further reductions in electricity consumption are expected following installation of hot water
saving equipment in the shower blocks of the Recreation Centre.
• The implementation of solar offsets 35 tonnes of CO² per annum (equivalent to 5% of energy
consumption).
14
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Detailed Water and Electricity Consumption for M/R Recreation Centre 2011/12 – 1016/17
The graphs below highlight that in comparison to previous years, there has been a significant increase in electricity between April -October 2016
and a significant increase in water consumption between November 2015 through to October 2016. There is highly likely to be a direct correlation
between increased hot water use in showers from increased patronage resulting in increased power consumption. Water efficient shower heads
are scheduled for installation in 2017/18. This is expected to reduce both water and power consumption.
15
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2.4.2
Turner Caravan Park
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Replaced diesel generators with solar/electric heat pumps.
• An energy audit of the site’s hot water usage was recommended to be done through LEAP.
A review of various hot water options was considered. Following the analysis, commercial
heat pumps have been installed throughout the site to replace inefficient domestic heat pump
systems. Considering the recent install (late 2016), the results of these systems is yet to be
calculated.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• Usage of the park has increased steadily over this period. Energy consumption has increased
by 15% during the reporting period in comparison to the base year. There was an average
increase in annual electricity costs of $26,000 over the electricity costs of the base year.
• There has been a 30% increase in electricity use during Quarter 3 since 2011/12.
16
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2.4.3
Shire Administration Building
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Design the new administration building in accordance with the NABERS report prepared for
the building.
• Relocation of air conditioning units.
• Installation of entry door air lock system.
Observations/Trends in energy use:
• Energy consumption has increased by 15% during the reporting period in comparison to the
base year. There was an average increase in annual electricity costs of $26,000 over the
electricity costs of the base year. The base year energy use and expenditure relates to the
old administration building.
• Electricity consumption increased in 2012/13 following completion of the new administration
building. The new building accommodates for future growth in comparison to the previous
building, including meeting space for community groups and events. It also features outdoor
lighting in public spaces.
Energy consumption (GJ)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
14/15'
15/16'
Shire offices Energy costs thousands ($)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
06/07'
17
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
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2.4.4
Flinders Bay Caravan Park
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Replaced inefficient diesel generators with solar/electric heat pumps.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• Energy consumption has increased by 102% during the reporting period in comparison to the
base year. There was an average increase in annual electricity costs of $12,000 over the
electricity costs of the base year.
• This is primarily due to replacement of diesel generators at each of the shower blocks with
heat pumps, which use a combination of solar and electricity. However, replacement of diesel
generators with heat pumps is expected to reduce carbon emissions due to cleaner
technology.
• There has been a 59% increase in electricity use during Quarter 3 (January – March) since
2010/11. The increase in electricity over Quarter 3 is considered a direct correlation of
increased visitor numbers over the busy summer period.
• Ineffective domestic heat pumps are shortly to be replaced with more efficient commercial
heat pumps, which is expected to reduce energy consumption.
18
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2.4.5
Augusta Civic Centre
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Installation of a 14kW solar PV system in June 2016.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• Energy consumption has increased by 8% during the reporting period in comparison to the
base year. There was an average increase in annual electricity costs of $7,000 over the
electricity costs of the base year.
• There was a significant increase in electricity for all of 2012/13. This is a direct result of the
expansion to the recreation centre component of the complex and is well within the range of
expected increases because of capacity increases in the facility.
19
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2.4.6
Margaret River Library
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Installation of a 10kW solar PV system in December 2013.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• Energy consumption has decreased by 5% during the reporting period in comparison to the
base year. The decrease in energy consumption is likely a result of electricity offset from
solar PV installation rather than changes in energy behaviour. There was an average
increase in annual electricity costs of $3,000 over the electricity costs of the base year. This
is a direct result of higher electricity tariff for the site.
• There was a slight increase in electricity use during 2012/13. This is largely due to a
significant extension at the library. Due to solar passive design principles, increases in energy
use have been kept to a minimum.
• Installation of the solar PV system has reduced energy consumption by approximately 15%
per annum.
20
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2.4.7
Margaret River Depot
Observations/Trends in energy use
• Energy consumption has decreased by 75% during the reporting period in comparison to the
base year. There was an average increase in annual electricity costs of $7,000 over the
electricity costs of the base year.
• There has been a significant increase in electricity use between 2012/13 and 2015/16. This
is largely due to a new administration building being relocated at the site. The increase in
electricity use is in line with the increase in floor space.
Energy consumption has increased by 6% throughout all buildings during the reporting period. This
is not considered to be significant considering population has increased by 25% over the same
period, as has Shire operations and service to the community increased. In order to achieve a target
of a 30% reduction in emissions, on-going implementation of the LEAP is required, specifically
continued installation of solar PV and on-going purchase of carbon off-sets.
21
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2.5
Vehicle Fleet
The Shire owns and operates a wide range of vehicles, from light fleet passenger vehicles through
to work utes and heavy vehicle plant. Diesel use is the main fuel consumption and generates the
majority of emissions. Purchasing of both light and heavy fleet vehicles is based on fuel efficiency,
international low emission standards, operating costs and whole of life costs. Vehicles fuelled by
electricity/bio-fuel and LPG have been purchased in the past however are not considered viable due
operating expense, resale value and availability of fuel (biofuel stations). Purchase of electric
vehicles or similar is a matter of waiting for technology to become available on the market at
affordable costs.
The audit includes both Shire fleet vehicles and those on a novated lease. The following changes in
emissions and fuel use has occurred in the vehicle fleet sector:
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Ensure that all council vehicles are maintained and tyre pressure is correct to reduce fuel
consumption.
• Purchase of fuel efficient vehicles.
• Purchase of tree-planting carbon offsets to reduce emissions since 2013/14.
Observations/trends in energy use and emissions
• There has been a 31 % reduction in emissions during the reporting period. This is a result of
purchasing carbon offsets.
• There has only been a 1% increase in energy consumption. This is due to a more efficient
vehicle fleet. There has been a downsize in both light and heavy fleet.
Figure 2.13 – Vehicle fleet consumption
Vehicle Fleet Energy Consumption (GJ)
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
06/07'
22
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
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Figure 2.14 – Vehicle fleet emissions
Vehicle Fleet Emissions (CO²) 2006 - 2016
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
06/07'
2.6
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
Street Lighting
Street lighting in the Shire is owned, operated and maintained by Western Power, however the Shire
is responsible for payment of this electricity. Changes in terms of new infrastructure (such as energy
efficient lighting) are required to effectively reduce emissions for this sector. Street lighting accounts
for approximately 15% of the Shire’s corporate energy consumption. The Shire had approximately
1,100 street lights in 2007. As a result of new subdivisions being created there are now 1,344 street
lights in the Shire.
The bulbs currently used in public street lighting are not considered energy efficient in comparison
to other products available in the market. With every new subdivision additional street lighting will be
required. Installation of additional streetlights of these types will result in additional costs and
increased emissions. The following bullet points identify action taken thus far to reduce emissions
and actual changes in energy use and emissions over the reporting period.
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Lobby Western Power to ensure that street lighting is not activated until 25% occupancy has
been achieved in all new subdivisions; and
• Lobby Western Power to develop and implement the bulk changeover of all streetlights to
energy efficient lights by 2015.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• There has been a 15% increase in carbon emissions and energy per capita between 2006/07
and 2015/16.
• In 2011/12 there was a 7% increase in electricity use and emissions from 2010/11.
23
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Figure 2.15 – Streetlight emissions
Streetlights Emissions (CO²) 2006 - 2016
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
Figure 2.16 – Streetlight emissions
Streetlight energy use (GJ) 2006 - 2016
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Actions undertaken thus far have not been effective as significant outcomes require both
technological change and policy change at Western Power. As population increases and new
subdivisions are established, it is expected that costs, emissions and energy use associated with
street lighting sector will continue to increase. Immediate action is required in order to reduce these
increases.
To create change it is recommended that the Shire continue to liaise with WALGA and Western
Power to investigate change over to streetlights that are more efficient i.e. LED’s.
24
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LEAP actions to be implemented
• Investigate a streetlight pilot program in one of the Shire’s recreation reserves using
alternative and effective lighting technology.
• Establish a collaborative approach with WALGA and other local governments with the aim
of replacing existing street lights with energy efficient street lights.
2.7
Key Corporate LEAP actions
Table 2.2 below sets out key annual LEAP actions, and calculated annual reductions in emissions.
No additional LEAP actions are recommended at this point in time.
See Attachment 1 for emission offsets from solar PV installations.
Table 2.2 – Key LEAP actions
Table 2.2 – Key LEAP actions Action
Emissions Reduction p/yr (TCO²)
Carbon off-setting
550T
Renewable energy
70 (1750 TCO² over lifespan)
Annual energy auditing
Individual LEAP projects (individual energy audits,
actions targeting individual buildings etc.)
Required for reporting purposes
Determined on case by case basis
Approx. 30T
Total
650 (TCO²)
2.8
Conclusion
Lowering emissions throughout buildings and the vehicle fleet of the corporate sector has overall
been generally successful. There has been a 16% reduction in emissions in these areas which is
over half way towards the overall target to be achieved by 2020. The success in lowering emissions
is due to a number of factors, including purchase of green power (until November 2011), installation
of solar PV, efficient design of new and existing buildings (including LED lighting, pool blankets,
centralised heating/cooling), commitment to carbon offsets and regular energy auditing. Following
Council’s commitment to carbon offsetting in 2014, and on-going commitment to solar PV installation,
it is expected that the emission target for buildings and vehicle fleet (30% emission offset by 2020)
could be achieved. Energy consumption has increased by 3% over the reporting period. This is a
significant achievement, considering population has increased by 25% over the same period. The
Margaret River Recreation Centre and Margaret River Library have offset their consumption by 3%
and 5% respectively over the reporting period as a direct result of solar PV installation and similar
initiatives.
Emissions and energy use generated from street lighting has increased by 6% as a result of a
growing population. A major shift in technology is required in order to effect change in this area. A
review of street lighting technology is likely to only be achieved through a collaborative approach
between local governments, WALGA and Western Power.
Annual expenditure on electricity has increased significantly since the base year (2006/07), up $278k
per annum in comparison to what the Shire spent in the base year. The increase in expenditure can
be related to increased servicing requirements, but is more so a direct correlation of increased
electricity tariff. The anticipated increase in electricity costs provides an argument to focus on
alternative self-generating technology and other cost saving equipment.
25
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Section 3 – Community Sector
3.1
Analysis of community energy use
The following section provides an analysis of changes in energy use and emissions in the corporate
sector between 2006/07 and 2015/16. Changes in energy use and emissions have been tracked to
determine whether progress has been achieved in accordance with adopted targets. The community
sector of the LEAP is separated into the following categories:
•
•
•
Residential – emissions generated from household energy use;
Business – emissions resulting from commercial and industrial areas; and
Waste – emissions resulting from the breakdown of waste to landfill originating from the
community.
The average breakdown of community energy use is outlined in Figure 3.1 below.
Figure 3.1 – Analysis of community energy use by sector
17%
41%
Residential
Business
Waste
42%
3.2
Summary of progress
A number of actions have been implemented following adoption of the LEAP. Actions have mainly
focused at the residential sector through educational programs and preparation of sustainability
policies. A key community objective of LEAP is to:
LEAP objective: Assist community to reduce emissions, or energy use by 20% below 2006/07 per
capita rates by 2020.
The summary below provides a review of energy consumption and emissions to determine how well
the community is tracking towards this objective.
26
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General summary
• As at 2015/16, there has been a 2% reduction in emissions compared to 2006/07, and a 3%
increase in electricity consumption (GJ).
• As at 2015/16 there has been a 19% reduction in emissions per capita compared to per capita
rates in 2006/07.
Figure 3.2 below identifies that trends in emissions generated have remained consistent during the
reporting period. This is considered an achievement considering that the permanent population has
increased by around 20% during the reporting period. In order to further reduce community
emissions and encourage energy conservation additional revenues are required to achieve
community targets.
Figure 3.2 – Summary of community emissions by sector
Community emissions (CO²) by sector - 2006 to 2016
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
Waste
10/11'
Residential
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
14/15'
15/16'
Business
Figure 3.3 – Summary of community emissions
Community emissions CO²
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
06/07'
27
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
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LEAP Objective: Encourage community to source 20% of its energy from renewable energy
sources by 2020.
The community sources approximately 8% of its energy from renewable sources. Implementation of
a large scale renewable energy development is required to successfully achieve the LEAP target.
3.3
Residential
The residential sector relates to all dwellings throughout the Shire. Reducing energy use and
emissions in the residential sector is considered the most effective way of reducing community
emissions as there are a number of local and state wide programs in place to reduce energy use
and offset emissions. Electricity use has remained relatively stable during the reporting period even
though population has increased significantly over the same period. The reason for a decrease in
electricity per capita is considered primarily due to increased electricity tariffs and an increase in
renewable energy installations throughout the community. Improved energy efficiency is expected
throughout all new dwellings as a result of increased energy efficiency requirements in the Building
Code of Australia.
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far
• Implementation of the Living Smart program to encourage the community to improve energy
use at home.
• Preparation of a Sustainable Design Policy by offering developer incentives where grouped
dwellings coded R30/40 are designed in a sustainable manner.
• Preparation of a Renewable Energy Policy to encourage a more straightforward process
where renewable energy installations are proposed.
• Forming of Community Renewable Energy Working Group, with the aim of developing large
scale solar/wind project.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• As at 2015/16 there has been a 4% reduction in emissions and a 5% increase in energy
consumption compared to energy consumption in 2006/07.
• As at 2015/16 there has been a 13% reduction in emissions per capita compared to per capita
rates in 2006/07.
Figure 3.4 – Analysis of residential energy use
Residential energy use (GJ)
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
06/07'
28
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
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Figure 3.5 – Summary of residential emissions
Residential emissions (CO²)
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
Whilst the reduction in energy use per capita is seen as an achievement, a greater emphasis on
renewable energy and other residential focused energy conservation actions are required in order
to achieve emission targets:
Recommended actions
• Assist community in developing business cases for renewable energy installations in
residential areas, in particular providing information on Western Power regulations and
financing options.
• Host Living Smart course on an annual basis.
• Undertake more information sharing and promotion of initiatives to reduce energy
consumption and emissions.
3.4
Business
The business sector refers to all non-residential energy use and includes wineries, town centre
areas, industrial areas, tourism and so forth. The majority of energy used is for heating and cooling
purposes such as air conditioning in commercial buildings and refrigeration in wineries. For the past
few years the federal government has offered grant funding for installation of renewable energy and
other energy efficient projects, based on a dollar for dollar funding agreement.
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far
• Assisted in delivery of Earth Hour.
• Prepared grant-funding applications for energy efficiency projects.
• Hosted community business forums, targeting energy reduction at a local business level.
• Collaboration with Curtin University in the delivery of energy efficiency initiatives.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• As at 2015/16, there has been a 7% reduction in emissions and a 1% increase in energy
consumption compared to 2006/07.
• As at 2015/16 there has been a 23% reduction in emissions per capita compared to per capita
rates in 2006/07.
29
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Figure 3.6 – Summary of business energy use
Business energy use (GJ)
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
Figure 3.7 – Summary of business emissions
Business emissions (CO²)
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
To date the majority of community actions have targeted the residential sector. It is recommended
that a number of actions also be investigated (in addition to existing actions) to encourage energy
conservation; improve building designs and investigate alternative energy sources. To do this the
following actions are recommended:
Recommended actions
• Engage an energy consultant to host community seminars targeting commercial businesses
with the aim of improving energy efficiency.
• Promote renewable energy opportunities available to the business sector.
• Establish a collaborative project with energy providers and other local governments to assist
business sectors to reduce energy and take up renewable energy.
30
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3.5
Waste
Information gathered for the waste sector refers to all waste generated from residential,
commercial/industrial sectors and all waste generated from Shire core activities. The waste data
gathered does not capture any waste to landfill which is separated for recycling purposes. In order
to reduce community waste to landfill the Shire is preparing a Waste Management Plan, which will
assist in recommending the most effective methods of reducing waste to land fill landfill.
The waste totals shown for each financial year vary considerably rather than demonstrating a
consistent trend. Detailed measurements are difficult due to the absence of a weighbridge. The only
way to rationalise older data is to convert the total putrescible uncompacted cubic metre volumes
which have been estimated through till and docket gatehouse data and multiply it by a standard
factor of 0.481 to convert to tonnes. It should be noted that 2012/13 is considerably lower which is
due to better analysis as the Shire introduced a pre-paid waste pass that allows the Shire to track
volumes of contractors bins. Contractors buy 100 cubic metres on the pass at a time. The Shire then
records these transactions and validates the pass as required.
Key LEAP actions implemented thus far:
• Reuse of crushed glass products in road construction.
• Installation of waste facility to recycle electrical goods.
• Installation of battery recycling bins.
Observations/Trends in energy use
• As at 2015/16 there has been a 7.5% decrease in emissions and waste volume to landfill per
capita in comparison to per capita rates in 2006/07.
• There was a 15% reduction in emissions and waste to landfill in 2012/13 from previous years.
Figure 3.8 – Analysis of waste to landfill
Waste to landfill (tonnes)
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
31
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
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Figure 3.9 – Analysis of waste emissions
Waste emissions (CO²)
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
06/07'
07/08'
08/09'
09/10'
10/11'
11/12'
12/13'
13/14'
14/15'
15/16'
As part of the next review of the Waste Management Plan it is recommended that a stronger
emphasis is placed on reducing waste to landfill, encouraging waste conservation throughout the
community and improving recycling procedures. The following waste conservation actions are
proposed as part of the LEAP review.
Recommended actions
• Investigate at source separation of waste at Shire facilities and encourage community to do
the same through educational material.
• Investigate green waste recycling initiative as part of the waste survey.
• Improve recycling initiatives as part of the next review of the Shire’s Waste Management
Plan.
3.7
Implementation of LEAP
The following key actions in Table 3.2 below are currently being undertaken through the community
sector of LEAP. No additional LEAP actions are recommended at this point in time.
Table 3.2: Community LEAP actions
Action
Anticipated results
Living smart
Encourage behavioural changes
Community/business seminars and promotion
of sustainability initiatives.
Undertake
sustainability
initiatives
in
collaboration with Curtin University.
Community Renewable Energy Working
Group, with an aim of setting up large scale
renewable energy project.
Encourage behavioural changes
32
Encourage behavioural changes
Offset community energy consumption and emissions.
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3.8
Conclusion
The community sector has achieved a 19% reduction in community emissions when assessed
against changes in per capita rates between 2006/07 and 2015/16. This achievement is on target to
achieving one of the key community objectives (20% emission reduction). The reason for the
reduction in energy use per capita is due to a number of reasons, which may include rises in
electricity costs, increased renewable energy installations and more efficient design of new housing.
A number of education-based actions such as Living Smart have been implemented since adoption
of LEAP aimed at lowering energy use throughout households. The community currently sources
8% of its energy from renewable energy sources. As indicated in the document, a large-scale
renewable energy development is required to achieve this target.
33
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Appendix 1: Solar PV generation (M/R Rec Centre, M/R Library, Civic Centre)
1. Margaret River Recreation Centre
• Installed: June 2009
• System size: 21kW
• Average Generation p/a: 33 MWh (4% of total site)
• Savings ($) p/a: Approx. $8k (based on current expenditure)
• System cost: $69k contributed by Council ($170k total – received 50% federal grant)
• Anticipated payback period (before installation): 13 years
• Actual payback period (post installation): 10 years
• Lifespan – 25 years
34
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2. Margaret River Library
• Installed: December 2013
• System size: 10kW
• Average Generation p/a: 12 MWh
• Savings ($) p/a: Approx. $3k (17%)
• System cost: $14k
• Anticipated payback period (before installation): 5 years
• Actual payback period (post installation): 5 years
• Lifespan – 25 years
35
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3. Augusta Civic Centre
• Installed: July 2015
• System size: 14kW
• Average Generation p/a: 22 MWh
• Savings ($) p/a: Approx. $5k (25% annual reduction)
• System cost: $16k
• Anticipated payback period (before installation): 4 years
• Actual payback period (post installation) – 3.5 years
• Lifespan – 25 years
36
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