Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Why Buy A Two-Way Radio System?
Users of Two-Way
Radio Technology
• Dispatch and 2-way communication offers
-
Better reaction and/or response time
Better control & coordination of personnel and resources
Better productivity of resources
Timely information for better decision-making
Higher level of safety for personnel
• Compared to cellular,
- Two-way radio is about 100 times faster to make a call to one
person (cellular = 10 secs, 2-way radio = 100 msec)
- Cellular is designed for one-to-one conversations; 2-way radio is
designed for one-to-many conversations
2
Public Safety versus Operator Carrier
Network
Why NOT a Public Network?
WHEN PS NEEDED PUBLIC NETWORKS, THEY
WERE TAKEN DOWN PURPOSELY,
OR NETWORK CONGESTION MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE
CARRIER MODEL
PUBLIC SAFETY MODEL
BUSINESS
OBJECTIVE
Revenue growth
Protect life and property
CAPACITY DESIGN
For “typical day”
For “worst day”
(PREDICTABLE)
(UNPREDICTABLE)
COVERAGE DESIGN
Based on population density
Based on life and property
that need protection
COMMUNICATIONS
DESIGN
One-to-one communications
One-to-many
communications
BROADBAND
DATA NEED
Internet access to centralized
internet connections
Traffic to agency enterprise
network…not thru Internet
(PREDICTABLE)
(HEAVY DOWNLOAD)
(UNPREDICTABLE)
(HEAVY UPLOAD &
DOWNLOAD LEGACY APPS)
SUBSCRIBER
DATA INFO
Owned by Carrier
Owned by Agencies
SERVICE PRIORITY
DIFFERENTIATION
Minimal differentiation Subscription and
application level
Significant differentiation Role and incident level
(VERY DYNAMIC)
3
Traditional Two-way Radio Users
• Public Safety
-
Police & Law Enforcement, Traffic
Fire
Emergency Medical Services /
Ambulance
• Utilities
-
Electric
Water & Wastewater
Gas Distribution
Telephone
Cable TV, Internet Service Providers
• Transportation
-
Rail: Metro, long-haul
Air: Airport, airlines
Sea: Seaport, shipping lines
Land: Trucking, courier, bus, taxi
• Mining
• Manufacturing
Public Safety
• Petroleum/Oil & Gas/Chemical
• Government
-
Civil Defense / Disaster Management
National Police, Law Enforcement
Immigration & Customs, Border Patrol
Forestry, Interior
Environment, Health
-
Military or National Defense
…
A
Army,
Navy,
N
Ai
Air F
Force, C
Coast G
Guard
d
• Construction
• Institutions
-
Educational
Hospitals
Prisons, Correctional Facilities
• Commercial businesses
-
PAMR/SMRs, Security, Hotels, Tourism,
Service
6
5
Motorola Solutions Inc.
1
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Public Safety
Public Safety Communication Needs
• Public safety is composed of police, fire, emergency
medical, highway & road maintenance, and local
government
• Business is to insure the safety and security of the general
public under its jurisdiction and provide public service
• Work characteristics:
• Heavily voice-oriented, with some mobile data for the more
advanced users
• All public safety requires enough coverage for their area of
jurisdiction
- Conventional or trunking; typically trunking because of reliability and
features
- Size of systems can range from single-site to very wide-area
- Direct mode of operation is required for no/poor coverage areas
- Under normal situations, they provide law & order, maintenance, and
provide emergency services
- Under emergency situations, they must coordinate together to respond
to the emergency, minimize loss of life & property, disaster recovery
- Police and highway maintenance works alone usually and call for help
when needed
- Firefighters works as a team under very stressful situations
- Two-way radio is their “lifeline”, where seconds can mean life or death
• May buy mobile data system to manage voice traffic loading
and improve dispatcher productivity, automate processes
• Typically call center-oriented where incoming emergency
calls are answered and personnel are dispatched via radio
- Private system required due to nature of responsibility
7
8
Typical Emergency
Communication Systems
Typical Emergency Communications
HELP!
Emergency Dispatch
Emergency Dispatch
Public
Public
Emergency
Responders
R
d
Emergency
R
Responders
d
E9--1-1 Telephony System
E9
Public
Broadcast
Media
Two--way Radio System
Two
Government
Government
9
Communications Protocol
(information flow, not audio path)
10
Trends in Public Safety
The public safety environment is changing and becoming more complex…
• Need to manage larger-scale
incidents
• More frequent collaboration with
other agencies
• Learning to use the wealth of
i f
information
ti now available
il bl
• A stronger emphasis on prevention
• Closer interaction with the
community
• Intensifying focus on keeping
citizens and rescue personnel safe
11
Motorola Solutions Inc.
2
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
The Challenges
The real need is to find better ways of
preventing and dealing with such issues as…
• Terrorism
• Victim trafficking
• Computer crime/cybercrime
• Hazardous material transport & spills
Instructor: David Lum
The Vision
What is needed is an increasingly sophisticated suite of tools and
enablers
• Seamless communication between command,
vehicle and field
• Rapid access to mission critical data
p
field officers and support
pp
• Smart tools that empower
personnel.
• Drug trafficking
• Weapons of mass destruction
(chemical, biological, nuclear, etc)
• Large-scale incidents and disasters
• Rising crime rates in most countries
Access to relevant information –
Anywhere, Anytime
Wireless Mobility Trends
The Needs of Public Safety Customers…
In the Past
Trends
Proprietary Protocols
Standards Based
Security Optional
Dedicated to Meeting the System Needs that Help You Transform
Your Operations
CAPABILITY
COVERAGE
Interoperability
Security
Encryption
Emergency
Applications
Data Speed
Talk-Around
Talk
Around
Citywide
Statewide
Countrywide
Worldwide
Security is a Key Issue
COST
Implementation
Operation
Value-Added Services
Integration with IT
Separate Radio and IT
Text Based Applications
Graphics/Images/Video
Limited Spectrum and Data
Rates
CONTROL
Reliability
Priority Access
Speed
Ubiquity
Higher Bandwidth Applications
Communications Solutions
Broad Portfolio of Systems and Products
•
•
•
•
Dispatch
Center
Dispatch center solutions
Network solutions
Device solutions
Application solutions
COMPLETENESS
CAPACITY
Spectrum, Bandwidth
Scalability
Everyday Needs
Point of Disaster
Design
Fit with Legacy Systems
Training
Maintenance
Migration
Country-Wide System Requirements for
Public Safety
Motor Vehicle
Database
Crisis
Management
Center
 Voice Group Call in < 500ms
 Access to National and
International Crime
Databases
Mobile Data
Terminals
 Fully Encrypted
 Call Center and Dispatch
Support
Private Voice
and Data
Radios
Devices and Mobile
Applications
Local Crime
Databases
Motorola Solutions Inc.
3
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Utilities
Utility
• Utilities are composed of electric service, water &
wastewater service, gas distribution, cable TV, and
telephone service
• Business is to provide on-going basic commodity
services to the public, businesses, and industry within
a specific geographical area
• Work characteristics:
- Under normal situations, they provide maintenance or
administrative tasks to keep commodity flowing and sold
- Under emergency situations, they must coordinate together to
respond to the outage or flow stoppage/breakage
- Maintenance works alone usually and call for help when needed
- Radio is required for safety coordination and emergency response
19
20
What is “The Grid”
= Generation
= Transmission
Utility Communication Needs
= Distribution
• Heavily voice-oriented under emergency because of safety
disciplines; can use mobile and fixed data for routine
maintenance work, or remote monitoring and controlling
• Coverage is needed wherever the electric distribution grid,
water pipes, sewers, gas lines, cables, and telephone lines
run
- Typically wide-area systems
- Can use conventional or trunking, depending upon traffic loading
during emergency
• Requires radio to locate problem and coordinate repairs as
fast as possible to keep service flowing
• Requires mobile/fixed data for faster response time and
better information flow for decision-making or productivity
21
Communications Protocol
(information flow, not audio path)
“The Grid” & Two-way Radio Systems
Single-site or
SingleWide--area
Wide
Trunking
22
Wide--area
Wide
Conventional
Wide--area
Wide
Conventional or Trunking
23
Motorola Solutions Inc.
24
4
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
SMART Utility Key Drivers
SMART GRID “A Connected Utility”
• Information of energy usage
• Better tariffs
• Efficient energy consumption & reduce wastage
• Contribution to nation energy sustainability
• Better quality of lives
Consumers
Management Staff
Call Takers
• Cleaner environment with reduced carbon emissions
• Participate activities against global warming
• Increase communal efforts for energy sustainability
• Clean Energy initiatives (e.g. solar)
Executives
Community
y
Fleet Vehicles /
Assets
• Reduce outages & faster recovery
• Greater efficiency on energy consumption
• Better energy sustainability
• Cost savings
• Integration of clean energy initiatives
• Improved operations & profitability
Utility / Enterprise
Commercial Industries
Construction &
Maintenance
Smart Home
Customers
• New innovation opportunity & revenue potential
• Strengthen partnership & collaboration among industry players
• Increase information & communication for Regulator
• Enhance environmental conditions
Installation &
Repair
Technology Providers & Regulators
25
Trends of SMART Utilities Development
Transportation
“Smart metering will be the typical first step toward an
intelligent grid for most utilities” – IDC Energy Insights
Smart Metering/AMI
• Enable more rapid,
reliable reads
Key Eleme
ents
• Time-of-use price
signals to customers
• Load management
y highg
• Establish 2-way
bandwidth pipe
between utility and
customer premise
• Power Quality Monitoring
• Cost-effective means of
connecting distributed
resources
• Provides foundation for
future applications
Reliability
improvements &
efficiencies
Operational
efficiencies
“Near-term investments will focus
on building the communications
backbone, initially justified by
smart metering requirements”
Demand Response
• Outage management
• Theft reduction
Primary
Benefits
Grid Automation
• Distribution automation
“Additional sensors beyond
smart meters will be targeted
at problem areas of the
distribution Network”
• Voluntary and
involuntary programs
• Reduction in critical
peak loads
• Home-area network
Cost avoidance &
energy efficiency
Demand Response for
consumers needs &
satisfactions
28
Source for all quotes: IDC Energy Insights, Top 10 Predictions for 2008
Transportation
Transportation Communication Needs
• Composed of air, sea, rail, and land transport services
• Business is to provide transportation services to
people or goods/cargo
• Work characteristics:
• Heavily voice-oriented with some mobile data for the more
sophisticated users
• Airport and seaports only require coverage at the port areas
- Mostly single-site, but occasionally requires multi-site due to size, RF
condition, or design of the facility; conventional or trunking
- Due to high costs of transportation vehicles, high volume of
transport and utilization of vehicles is required to pay for high cost
of the vehicles
- High volume is achieved by utilizing the vehicle as much as
possible; fast unload and reloading, and turnaround time
- High utilization is also achieved by repairing the vehicle as fast as
possible when they fail, and keeping them well-maintained
- Security is extremely important to keep customers using the system
- Radio is used as a tool to help manage time & tasks, security, and
address unexpected problems that arise to minimize turnaround
time
• Rail requires
q
wide-area coverage
g along
g the entire length
g of
the track
- Mass transit can be conventional or trunking
- Long-haul is usually conventional due to cost of infrastructure
• Land transport requires coverage in their area of operation
• Radio is used to manage productivity and task coordination;
in case of emergency, radio is used for rescue efforts and is
considered mission-critical & safety-critical
29
Motorola Solutions Inc.
30
5
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
A380 US$275M
Transportation
Transportation –
Airport
Communications
747747-8 US$272.5M - 282.5M
US$500M - 1,000M
US$1.0 - 2.3M
US$27M
- 67MRadio Technology
Users
of Two-way
32
31
Airport communications
Airport Communications
• Airport communications is strictly terrestrial for airport
operations, support, security, and emergency
management
- Landside and airside can use one common system
• Trunking design is best for reliability, redundancy
LMR use for
ground & service support
for aircraft
- Single
Single-site
site for small airports
airports, wide
wide-area
area (2
(2-5
5 sites max) for large or
newer design airports
- Conventional repeater is a great value for non-busy, smaller
airports
• Communications protocol is similar to public safety
Users of Two-way Radio Technology
33
Airport Communication Users
34
Aircraft Servicing
Served commonly by Trunked Radio Infrastructure
Ramp / Apron Operations
Cleaning
Baggage
Catering
Security & Safety
Gates
Fire
Security
Terminal Operations
Cargo
Check-in
Trunked Radio
Comms System
Staff
Retail
Cleaning
National Security
Air Traffic Control
Customs
Immigration
Administration
Maintenance
Management
Turnaround Video
35
Motorola Solutions Inc.
36
6
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Modern Airports Today
Modern Airports Today
- Digital technology allows for:
…Voice privacy from security threats
…Enhanced and easier IT integration and data applications
…New airport applications to improve airline & airport operations
• Newest airports in Asia use 1 or 2 privately shared
digital trunked radio system(s) for the entire airport
- One common wireless infrastructure allows for fast communications
between Airport Authority, all airlines, and all supporting companies
for improved operational efficiency and airport operations
effectiveness
…Enables interoperability between all users
- Trunking technology allows for:
…Private group communications for each airline
…Added voice capacity for peak aircraft traffic hour
…Added reliability for voice communications against failures
• This is an investment for future capabilities,
capabilities solves
current customer issues today, prepares your airport
for potential disasters, and enables your emergency
operations
• Asia’s newest airports already implemented new digital
trunked radio systems for their operations
37
SITA – ‘Next Gen’ Airport
Communications
38
Case Study
Thailand Bangkok
Suvarnabhumi
Airport
Adapted from TETRA for Airports by
Mr. Charnarong Chuacharoen
Vice President, Business Systems Bureau
presented in TETRA World Congress
39
Suvarnabhumi International Airport
Aeronautical Radio of Thailand Limited
(AEROTHAI)
• Opened for commercial operations in 15 September 2006
• Founded in 1948 by airlines with the consent of the Royal Thai
Government
- Two parallel runways
… 60 m wide, 4,000 m long
… 60 m wide, 3,700 m long)
- Two parallel taxiways to accommodate simultaneous departures and
arrivals.
- Capacity of handling 76 flight operations per hour
- Capable of handling 45 million passengers and 3 million tonnes of cargo
per year
- Provide air traffic control
- Provide aeronautical communication services for airline operations
• In 1963, the Government acquired the Company from the founding
airlines
- Non-profit State Enterprise under the Ministry of Transport and
Communications
• Business Services includes:
-
• Suvarnabhumi handled a total of 42.7 Million passengers in 2010
-
3rd busiest airport in Asia
Air Traffic Service and related services
Communication Network Services
Airline and Airport Communication Services
Flight Inspection Service
• Company’s Financial Status
• Main international hub for Bangkok Airways, Orient Thai Airlines,
Thai AirAsia and Thai Airways International
- 6,600,000 registered shares with a total value of Baht 660,000,000
… Category A-shares held by the Government: 6,000,000 at Baht 100
fully paid at Baht 600,000,000
… Category B-shares held by 89 member airlines: 600,000 at Baht 100
fully paid at Baht 60,000,000.
- Serving 93 Airlines
- Serving 30 Cargo Airlines
41
Motorola Solutions Inc.
7
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Why TETRA for Suvarnabhumi?
• Typical airport environment for
radio:
- Small area
… Activities mainly concentrated
around the airport terminal
building
… Apron/runway
• Many users
-
Airlines
Catering, refueling
Baggage handling
Airport Engineering and Administration
Security
Immigration, Customs & Excise
Many more…
Instructor: David Lum
Why TETRA for Suvarnabhumi?
• Creates a situation where the call
traffic loading is very high in a very
small geographical area.
• Many voice channels needed for
airport operations
• Limited number of frequencies
available from NTC (National
Telecommunications Commission)
• Requirement for spectrum efficient
radio technology with provision for
data capability for future airport
applications.
- TETRA is the most suitable
• Many conversations per user
Growth
Coverage Area
Phase 2
Long-term plans
Long-term plans for four runways flanking two main terminals and two
satellite buildings with a combined capacity capable of handling up to 100
million passengers and 6.4 million tonnes of cargo a year are on the
drawing board. The second phase of airport expansion involving the
construction of a satellite building south of the main terminal is expected
to begin 3 to 5 years after the completion of the first main terminal.
System Configuration
Challenges
• Overloading of the radio system in the early
days
- Initial expected loading – 2,350 users
- By opening day, the number of users rose to –
3,250 users
- Confusion during opening days increased radio
traffic significantly
- Dimetra IP system from Motorola coped very well
with the unexpected traffic load
load.
• Success of the TETRA implementation has
attracted many new users
- HUGE increase in demand
- Aerothai worked closely with M-Link and
Motorola to expand the system capacity to help
cope with the surge in radio traffic demand
- Current number of users – 5,800 users
• Motorola’s Dimetra IP proven to be reliable
and works very well even under extremely
heavy traffic loads in the cell sites.
Motorola Solutions Inc.
8
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Core Services
• Data Services
- Short Message Service
(SMS)
- Packet Data Service
Airport Applications
• Voice Services
• Automatic Vehicle Location
System (AVLS)
• Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition System (SCADA)
• Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP)
- Group Call
- Private Call (Individual Call)
- Telephone Interconnect Call
(FULL Duplex)
- Emergency Call
- Announcement Call
- Mode Operation
49
Supplementary Services (Applications)
Next Steps…
• Expand coverage of the system to cover City Air Terminal for
check-in counter and passenger servicing alone Airport Rail Link
train route.
• Extend usage of the system to serve communication in energy
business sector such as oil refinery, petrol chemical…etc. with
AEROTHAI has issued the license to be digital trunked radio
system service provider from NTC
NTC.
• Explore possible data applications on TETRA to improve airport
operations.
• Amid sharp increases in the number of passengers and airlines
using the Suvarnabhumi Airport, authorities are now ready to
implement the second phase of construction to enlarge the airport
• Voice
Supplementary
Services
- Dispatch Consoles
- Air-to-Ground
Crossband
- increase the airport capacity from 45 million to 60 million passengers a
year.
- need to expand the TETRA system further
51
Seaport communications
Transportation –
Seaport
Communications
• Seaport communications is strictly terrestrial for port
operations, support, security, and emergency
management
• Trunking design is best for reliability, redundancy
- Si
Single-site
l i ffor smallll seaports, wide-area
id
(2 3 sites
(2-3
i
max)) ffor llarge
seaports
- Conventional repeater are suitable for small seaports
53
54
Motorola Solutions Inc.
9
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Container Ship Unloading & Loading
Seaport operations using trunking
One Berth
Crane A TG
Berth Operation
Control
Center
Movers
Cranes
Crane B TG
Lasher
Movers
Supervisor
Yard Operation
Cranes
Yard
Supervisor
Lasher
(Berth MG)
4-site Trunked
Radio System
Supervisor
Area A TG
Movers
Yard Cranes
(Yard MG)
Area B TG
Mover
Movers
Yard Cranes
Seaport Video
One Yard
55
56
Hong Kong – TETRA
Transportation –
Seaport
Communications
Case Study
57
Tan Cang Cai Mep International Terminal
(TCIT), Vietnam
Transportation –
Rail
Communications
60
Motorola Solutions Inc.
10
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Rail Communications
Metro Rail Communications
• Major types of rail operations in any country
- Metro rail: Dedicated passenger rail systems used to move people
in a city area
… Airport rail system: Dedicated passenger rail systems used to
move people between the airport and the city area
- LongLong-haul rail: Regional or nationwide rail system designed to
move passengers and freight between cities
- High
High--speed rail: Dedicated high-speed passenger train system
used to move people between cities very fast
Radio System
• All require radio communications to maintain safety to
avoid train collision & accidents
Customized
RailCAD GUI
61
Metro Rail Communications
62
Metro Rail Communication Trends
• Strictly metropolitan area coverage, above-ground, atground, and underground operations
• Always mobile coverage; portables will be used with inbuilding and underground coverage design
• Under normal operations, very little voice traffic
• Metro Rail is a major government investment for
economic growth and vitality of region
- Safety, security & convenience will encourage ridership
- High ridership will minimize tax support & gov’t funding
• Metro Rail Communications are driven by customer
service needs
needs, safety
safety, security
security, and cost control
- Dispatcher-to-driver
p
comms is always
y private
p
one-to-one
conversation; driver must “request-to-talk” first
- Train drivers not allowed to talk to one another, therefore no widearea roaming for voice comms is not really required
- Data used for monitoring train status
- All other personnel are on group calls
-
• Coverage is critical for dispatcher-to-driver comms for
safety
• Capacity is needed for one-to-one communications
Passenger Emergency Communications
Train PA / train announcement system
Train location – e.g. GPS
Train health monitoring
On-train Passenger Information System
Strong desire for mobile video to observe passengers from dispatch
• Added services require more data capacity on system
63
Communications Protocol
(information flow, not audio path)
64
Long-haul vs. Metro Rail Systems
Long-haul Rail System
• Regional to Nationwide
• City-to-city coverage
• Open system
- Multiple operators
- Track may be shared
• Double- and Single-track
• Freight (mostly) & commuter
• Driver may need to get verbal
permission to move forward
• Separation in miles/km
• Economic engine for nation
• Economy impacts business
Metro Rail System
• City to Metropolitan-wide
• Neighborhood coverage
• Closed system
- One operator only
- Track solely owned & operated
• Double-track always
• People only
• Driver moves based on traffic
light system
• Separation in mins:secs
• Economic engine for metroarea
• Ridership impacts business
65
Motorola Solutions Inc.
11
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Long-Haul Rail Communications
• Voice communications
- With train dispatcher for
track clearance
- Maintenance staff
- Shunting yard
Long-Haul Rail Communications
• Data Applications:
• Regional to nationwide communications requirements
along track alignment
- Train Addressing – TRN
- Trainborne Interfaces – e.g.
train health & status
monitoring, GPS
- Advantage is that most rail companies have fiber backbone in place
for two-way radio comms along track
• Always mobile coverage; portables may be used but
not in-building
in building design
• Very little capacity needs since only 1 train is allowed
on a track circuit at any given time; at most 2 trains in
same track area if double-tracked
• Wide-area voice roaming is not really required since
train drivers don’t talk to one another
• Coverage is critical for dispatcher-to-driver comms for
clearance to enter track section
Train Controller / Dispatcher
Train Driver
Conductor & Security
Maintenance
67
68
High-Speed Rail Design (and Metro Rail
too!)
Long-haul vs. High-Speed Rail
Systems
• Sophisticated RF system design
Long-haul Rail System
• Regional to Nationwide
• City-to-city coverage
• Open system
- Multiple operators
- Track
T k may be
b shared
h d
• Double- and Single-track
• Freight (mostly) & commuter
• Driver may need to get verbal
permission to move forward
• Separation in miles/km
• Economic engine for nation
• Economy impacts business
• Slow speed
High-Speed Rail System
- Wide-area trunking for automatic roaming, mobile outdoor coverage
- Train drivers talk to dispatcher only, private one-to-one calls
- Designed for failsafe operation & safety because of people
movement
- Brand new system because high-speed rail is new; cost of two-way
radio
di system iis very tiny
i portion
i off totall hi
high-speed
h
d railil system
• Regional to Nationwide
• City-to-city coverage
• Closed system
- One operator only
p
- Track solelyy owned & operated
• Double-track always
• People only
• Driver moves based on traffic
light system
• Separation in mins:secs,
miles/km
• Economic adder for two
major cities
• Ridership impacts business
• High speed (150-350 kph)
• TETRA is current system of
choice by many operators for
safety, capacity, value of
digital features
Trunking Wide-area Controller
Dispatcher
70
Case Study –
London
Underground
• One of the largest metros in the world
Transportation –
Rail Communications
Case Study
•
•
•
•
•
• New network replacing separate train, station and
depot systems for each of the eleven (11) operating
lines
• Installation of more than 700km of radiating cable to
ensure extremely high levels of coverage
• Link train drivers, stations, depots and management in
a single integrated TETRA system
• Coverage will also be available to police, fire and
ambulance services tasked with dealing with
emergencies in the Tube.
71
Motorola Solutions Inc.
Over 3 million customer journeys per day
450 trains operating 20 hours/day
390 km of tunnels
Surface area coverage >1,000 km2
270 stations
Largest mass transit TETRA
project worldwide
Upgrade from analog radio
The system:
• 11 Lines
• 5 zones
• 290 base sites
• 200+ consoles
• 7000+ Portable Users
• 1400 train mobiles
• 740 km radiating cable
• Railway Dispatcher Operation
– Mimic Presentation
– Location by Station
• Train Running Number
– Manual and Automatic Input
– Train and fixed Mobile
• Train interfaces
– Train Management Computer
– Alarm systems
• Railway Mobiles
– Simple Calls
– Dedicated HMI
• Routing of calls based on location
12
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
TRA
Case Study – North American Rail
General statistics:
1,100 km of track
201 train stations
572 locomotives
12 depots/workshops
127 tunnels totaling 160 km
• Simple RF system design
- Multiple single sites, high power conventional VHF simplex with
overlapping coverage for reliability, mobile outdoor coverage, manual
roaming
- Train drivers talk to dispatcher, and can hear any other trains on track
- Designed
g
for failsafe operation
p
and safety
y
T=1
R=1
T=2
R=2
T=3
R=3
T=1
R=1
T=2
R=2
HsinChu
TAIWAN RAILWAY ADMINISTRATION
Repeater
Taipei
• PROJECT BRIEF
• Train Dispatch Radio System
• Prime MDSL, end user TRA,
consultant CECI
• Motorola’s USD$25m.
• Apr’03 ~ Aug’06
Ilan
Chang Hua
• PROJECT SCOPE, DELIVERABLES
HuaLien
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
T=3
R=3
Central Region
2-Zone Dimetra System;
149 Repeaters;
CAD System with 39 Consoles dispatchers;
97 Desktops;
1130 Locomotive Mobiles;
5500 Portable radios;
DVRS; Interface to PABX
Eastern Region
• Business result:
• NA Rail system is the safest rail system
in the world, very productive, very
profitable, lowest cost to customers
MSO
Repeater
Desktop
Train
RCP
Dispatcher
Desktop
Portable
PingTung
Dispatcher
73
Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR)
Dispatcher
Oil & Gas
• 1 Central Train Control (TaoYuan)
-
More info: TETRA WORLD CONGRESS 2007, Railway Master Class
10 positions
• 6 Depot/Maintenance/Workshop Stations
• 345 km of track
-
Taipei to Kaohsiung
• Train Speed at 350km/h
• 11 train stations
-
8 current and 3 future
• Due to the hilly terrain in the northern region,
and underground tracks, approximately 120km
off track
t
k will
ill be
b covered
d by
b leaky
l k cable.
bl
 Solution:









MSO
28 EBTS sites
Customised Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)
Customised Train-borne equipment
 30 passenger trains and 20 Maintenance
trains
LCX for Tunnels (62km), 11 stations & 5 depots
LCX for Fire-fighting radio in tunnels and
underground stations
322 Portable radios
Training Center Equipment
18 Outdoor shelters, 28 Monopole/towers
TETRA chosen over GSM-R
76
Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & Gas
Process
Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & Gas
• Industry can be segmented by process: exploration,
extraction, pipeline, refining, chemical processing, and
distribution
• Business is to extract, transport, refine, and sell oil and
gas products and all chemical derivatives
• Work characteristics:
- The product in this industry depends upon constant flow to
generate sales revenue, therefore the emphasis of this industry is
to keep the flow ongoing, without causing any environmental
problems (pollution, oil leaks & spills, fire)
- Industry is mostly concerned with monitoring the process,
maintenance, and emergency preparedness
- Radio is critical to their inspection and maintenance routines, and
for emergency shutdown procedures, emergency response and
disaster recovery
77
Motorola Solutions Inc.
78
13
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & Gas
Communication Needs
Petroleum-Chemical or Oil & Gas
Process
Single--site
Single
Conventional
• Mostly data communications (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition – SCADA); voice traffic is low during normal
situations, very high during emergencies
• Due to flammable nature of products, intrinsically safe
radios are required to prevent explosion
• Each area of p
production has different needs:
Single-site
SingleConventional
Wide--area
Wide
Conventional
- Off-shore and on-shore wells typically use conventional radios
- Pipeline systems use wide-area designs
- Refineries typically use trunking for reliability; can be wide-area if there
are several refineries located within area
Single--site or WideSingle
Wide-area
Trunking
• Fixed data (SCADA) is also heavily used for remote
monitoring and controlling the process, or siren control
• Radio is required for emergency shutdown of process, to
minimize impact to general public, and disaster recovery
Wide--area
Wide
Conventional or Trunking
79
80
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
• Composed of many small-to-large manufacturing
organizations in a wide variety of industries (transport,
raw material, finished products, industrial, etc.)
• Business is to manufacture products
• Work characteristics:
- T
Typically
i ll one manufacturing
f
i ffacility
ili with
i h access to transportation
i to
ship the finished products
- Industry depends upon constant production to generate sales
revenue
- Industry is mostly concerned with maintenance, exception
management and emergency maintenance
- Radio is critical to their inspection and maintenance routines, and
for emergency maintenance of the production line
81
82
Manufacturing Communication Needs
Mining
• Heavily voice to manage processes and problems
quickly, with some fixed & mobile data for productivity
• Coverage is typically for the main facility
- Can be conventional or trunking
- Single-site is typical, with a few cases for wide-area
- Most start as a conventional system and eventually migrate to
trunking as business grows
• Radio is required for managing production line
problems quickly and for security of the facilities; it is a
tool that helps in the manufacturing process
- May also be used to protect the lives of employees in hazardous
jobs or environments
- Car manufacturing: Loss of US$20,000/min of stopped production
84
83
Motorola Solutions Inc.
14
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Mining
Mining Equipment
• Mining business mines for precious metal (gold, silver),
non-precious metal (zinc, lead), consumable materials
(coal, sulfur, salt), and non-metal (rock, clay)
• Business is to provide extract raw material or minerals
for further processing or sale
• Work
W k characteristics:
h
t i ti
Dump Truck
Crusher
Loader
- Heavy earth-moving equipment running 24 hours per day
- Typically found in very rural areas where there are no
communications infrastructure
- Due to high cost of earth-moving equipment and low cost of the raw
material, thousands of tons of ore must be moved per hour to pay
for operations; losses of US$100,000’s per minute of downtime
Crawler Dozer
Excavators
Conveyer Belt
Excavators
85
Mining Equipments (Con’t)
Mobile Crusher
Blast Drill
Underground Drill
Underground Loader
Types of Mines
Handheld
Jackleg Drill
Drag Line
88
Open Pit Mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast mining and open-cut mining, refers to
a method of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an
open pit.
Open pit mines can be used in coal mining, and also extensively in "hard rock"
mining for ores such as metal iron ores, copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, diamond
and many minerals.
Motorola Solutions Inc.
Underground Mining
Underground mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to
excavate hard minerals mainly those minerals containing metals such as ore
containing gold, copper, zinc, nickel and lead, but also involves using the same
techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds. In contrast soft rock
mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as salt, coal, or oil sands.
15
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Mining Communication Needs
Miner’s Need for Communication
• Voice and mobile/fixed data usage
- Can be conventional and trunking
- Fixed data (SCADA) is used to control and monitor remote
processes or systems
- Mobile data is used for productivity of vehicles
• Typically mining systems must be private since no
other infrastructure exists
Efficiency
Data Applications
Safety
Enhance Security
- Typically single-site; wide-area for very large mines or underground
areas
- Intrinsically safe radios required for use in underground mines
- Mine may have its own railway system that must be considered
• Radio is used for managing the productivity of the
process and for emergency maintenance
91
Communication helps to resolve
challenges in the Mines
Challenges face during Excavation &
Extraction
• Environment:
- Drilling and blasting operation
- After blasting, shovels are used to scoop loose ore onto ore trucks,
rail cars, or conveyors
• Challenges:
- Highly dangerous operation that requires close coordination and
very good communications to prevent accidental explosions
- High noise level in the mine site
- Explosive & harsh environment
Challenges face during Transportation
• Environment:
- Shovels load ore onto rail cars, ore trucks or
conveyor belt
- Mines have more rail cars/trucks than shovels
to insure constant movement of ore
• Challenges:
g
- Communications is required to manage the
movement of rail cars/trucks/ conveyor
- There must be no stoppage in the
transportation process
…Big bottleneck if there is a breakdown in
this system
- Mine management
Motorola Solutions Inc.
Challenges face during Processing
• Environment:
- Processing is used to separate minerals from the ore or preparing the
ore for further refinement
- Acid can be used to separate certain minerals from ore by leaching
- Crushing is used to crush the ore into smaller pieces for better
smelting or leaching
- Smelting is used to separate certain minerals from ore by
heating/melting
• Challenge:
- Communications is required to coordinate all of these activities
- Security
- Mine management
16
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Challenges face during Export
Communication is Critical in Mining
• Environment
- Dispatch and Management
…Because of large numbers of vehicles and assets, dispatchers
need to manage the overall process to insure that all drivers are
well-coordinated and nothing sits idle
- Maintenance
…Because
B
off the
h high
hi h cost off vehicles,
hi l
ffast maintenance
i
to return
assets into working order is critical to business success
• Challenge:
- Security
- Mine management
Key Drivers for Communications in
Mining
Commercial
Business
• Efficiency
- Time is Money.
- Loose of co-ordination and break down will have high financial
impact to the mines
• Safety
- No Comms No Mining
- Evacuating the Tunnels and Mine Site
- Co-ordination between drilling, blasting and other operations
• Data Application
- Integrations with sensors on board the mine equipment to provide
real time updates
• Enhanced Security
- Large amount of monies is involved in the operations
100
Commercial Business Communication
Needs
Commercial Business
• Composed of many small-to-large commercial
businesses
• Business is to manufacture light products, distribute,
sell, and service to consumers or end-users, or deliver
services
• Work
W k characteristics:
h
t i ti
• Heavily voice, with some fixed and mobile data
• Coverage is typically for wherever their sales & service
coverage is required
- Can be conventional or trunking
… Most
M t start
t t as a conventional
ti
l system
t
and
d eventually
t ll migrate
i t tto trunking
t ki
as business grows
- Ranges from being localized to the building for office work to being
wide-area for mobile workers
- Industry depends upon constant delivery of product and/or service
to generate sales revenue
- Industry is mostly concerned with sales, delivery, maintenance, and
exception management
- Radio is critical to their sales and service personnel
• Radio is required for managing sales, and resolving
customer problems quickly; it is a tool that helps in the
sales & service delivery process
- Used as a competitive advantage
- Ideal base for PAMR/SMR/public systems
101
Motorola Solutions Inc.
102
17
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
TETRA Solutions in Macau
2007
Ponte 16
Hotel and Casino
2007
MGM Grand
Grand
Opening in
August 2007
Resort World Sentosa (RWS) &
Marina Bay Sand (MBS) using TETRA Systems
2004
Sands Casino
2006
Grand
Lisboa
Hotel and
Casino
2006
Wynn Macau Resorts
Most Expensive
Property in Macao
Instructor: David Lum
2008
City of
Dream
4 Hotel
Towers and
Casinos
• Resort World Sentosa (RWS)
• Hotel Facilities / Restaurants / Casino /
Theaters / Universal Studio
• Full operations in April 2010
2007
Venetian CoTai
Grand Opening in July 2007
• Marina Bay Sands (MBS)
• Hotel Facilities / Restaurants /
Conference Halls / Casino
• Full Operations in Sept 2010
• Over 5,000 TETRA Subscribers
• 8 TETRA Systems
2008
Venetian CoTai Parcel 2
Four Seasons Hotel
Government
Government
• Composed of many branches of the government
- Military, Federal Police, Immigration & Customs, Forestry, Border
Patrol, Head of State protection, Civil Defense, etc.
• Business is to provide basic services (law & order,
health, housing, treasury, regulatory, etc.) and
governance to its citizens within a specific political
boundary
• Work characteristics:
- Most of these branches work across the country and require
portability; most law enforcement work is similar to local level public
safety
- May require nationwide planning and coordination of a
communications system if they centralize their dispatching
- Radio is valued similar to the public safety market
105
106
Government Communication Needs
Government –
Military
• Heavily voice, usually encrypted, with some mobile
data for data retrieval
• Each branch has their own requirements for coverage:
- Law enforcement organizations usually require nationwide
coverage while the other organizations require more localized
coverage,
g , but can also use single-sites
g
for localized work
- Tends to buy conventional because they have few users, and little
need for roaming
• Similar to public safety, law enforcement values radio
for activity coordination and as a lifeline to call for
help; many other non-law enforcement organizations
requires radio for task coordination
107
Motorola Solutions Inc.
18
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Why Communications?
Without COMMAND,
there’s no CONTROL.
Without COMMUNICATIONS,
there’s no COMMAND.
What Military Users Want?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Encryption!
Direct Mode Operation (DMO)
Wide range of RF coverage requirements
All informed net (Talkgroup)
One to One (Individual Call)
Different priority levels for users
Emergency call capability
Dispatch communications
DATA (Status, SDS)
Typical Deployment Requirement
Instructor: David Lum
Trends in the Military Arena
• Commercial Of The Shelf (COTS) adapted for
Military use
• Develop Infrastructure for C3/C4I Applications
that can automatically process a COMMON
operational picture
• Minimize Interfaces
• Move to Digital-based Software
• Move to OPEN Architecture Systems
• Rising interest in LMR Wireless Platforms
• Integrated Voice & Data “simultaneously”
Military Deployment
Operation (Tactical
Communications)
Typical Deployment Requirement
Main Node
Main Node
BN1
DMO or via
Digital
Repeater
Brigade Commander
Brigade Commander
Battalion Commander
Battalion Commander
S4 (BDE or BN)
S4 (BDE or BN)
Motorola Solutions Inc.
BN1
19
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Key Operational Requirements during
Initial Setup Phase
Instructor: David Lum
Typical Deployment Requirement
• Typically voice centric operation for FAST
response
• Direct Mode Operation (DMO) WITHOUT Infrastructure
Support
• DMO via Repeater for RANGE EXTENSION
• Features and Functionality DURING Initial Setup Phase
that ENHANCED Military Operation
- Group Call
- Emergency Call
- High Security Communications
…Air Interface Encryption
…End-to-End Encryption
- Late Entry
Main Node
Local Site
Trunking Mode
Radio
Node
DMO or via
Digital
Repeater
Brigade Commander
BN1
Battalion Commander
S4 (BDE or BN)
Key Operational Requirements during
Local Area Operation
Typical Deployment Requirement
• Base Station ONLY can operate on Local Site Trunking
(LST)/Fallback when backhaul link is NOT available!
• AUTOMATIC TRANSITION from Local Site Trunking to Wide Area
Trunking when backhaul link with SwMI is established!
• Features and Functionality DURING SINGLE SITE Local Area
Operation that enhanced Military Operation
- FULL Trunking
g Capability
y
- Group Call
- Emergency Call
- High Security Communications
Wide Area Operation
Main Node
Radio
Node
Local Site
Trunking Mode
Radio
Node
… Air Interface Encryption
… End-to-End Encryption
- User Priority
- Late Entry
• Together with Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI),
Base Station will have SIMILAR operational characteristics as Wide
Area Trunking
Key Operational Requirements in Wide
Area Operation
• Voice centric operation for FAST response
• Supplemented with Data for C4I and better SITUATIONAL
AWARENESS
• Features and Functionality DURING Wide Area Operation that
enhanced Military Operation
- Group Call with Dynamic Group Number Assignment (DGNA)
- Individual and Telephone Interconnect Call in FULL DUPLEX Mode
- Full DISPATCH Services with Priority and Pre-emption Capabilities
- Short Data Services/Messaging (SMS)
- Packet Data Services
Brigade Commander
BN1
Battalion Commander
S4 (BDE or BN)
Case Study – US
Airbase
Communications
… Blue Force Tracking via Data Services
… Command & Control Information System via Data Services
- Full Encryption with KEY MANAGEMENT FACILITY
120
Motorola Solutions Inc.
20
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Case Studies
AirForce Installations
• In United States
- Radio Systems are used EXTENSIVELY by US AirForce
installation
- Proven to meet AirBase Operations
121
US AirForce
122
SMARTNET Systems
123
SMARTZONE System
APCO P25 Radio System
125
Motorola Solutions Inc.
124
126
21
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Motorola Military Radio Solution
Case Study
US Marine Corps
127
Real World Correlation
Summary
Radios used in the field today!
130
Different industries have different
decision drivers
Different industries have different
decision drivers
• Government
• Transportation industries (air and sea)
- Jurisdiction (area of responsibility) determines need for coverage –
EVERYWHERE, border-to-border!
- Capacity and infrastructure design is for worst-case scenarios
(disasters, riot, terrorist events, etc.); public safety is the largest
government group than any other branch of government
- Budget is driven by taxpayers, politicians – typically very little
budget
- Each jurisdiction (government) can choose whatever technology
suits their requirements best that fits their budget
- Coverage is localized to port areas for LMR service
- Capacity is determined by subscriber density in port area
- Budget is driven by whoever owns the port: government or private
enterprise
- Port operators
p
are independent
p
of one another so theyy can choose
whatever they like/need for local area comms
• These industries should be treated with very high
levels of priority in order to maintain movement of
people & cargo because stoppage impacts the airline
or shipping company significantly, and impacts the
economy of area that the port serves (tourism, exports,
the port itself, etc.)
• Government should be treated with the highest levels
of priority in order to maintain law & order, economical
growth, societal order, quality-of-life, and minimize
socio-economic damage
131
Motorola Solutions Inc.
132
22
Users of Two-Way Radio Technology
Instructor: David Lum
Different industries have different
decision drivers
Different industries have different
decision drivers
• Transportation industries (metro and long-haul rail)
• Process-oriented industries (utilities, oil & gas)
- Coverage is localized to track alignment
- Capacity is low, but communications is critical for operations
- Budget is driven by whoever owns the rail system: government or
private enterprise
- Long-haul
g
requires
q
common system
y
between rail operators
p
to share
communications for safety; metro rail operators can choose
whatever they like since they’re a closed, self-contained system
- Coverage is only where their service areas are
- Capacity is determined by subscriber density in service area
- Budget is driven by business decision – typically what is needed to
get the job done properly
- Each p
process area can choose whatever technology
gy suits their
requirements best
• These industries should be treated with very high
levels of priority in order to maintain flow of commodity
to commercial & industrial businesses because
stoppage impacts a large percentage of population at
once (possibly life-threatening), and impacts economy
of area
• These industries should be treated with very high
levels of priority in order to maintain movement of
people & cargo because stoppage impacts the rail
company significantly, and impacts the economy of
area that rail serves
133
Economic value of long-haul rail
USA example
Economic value of airports
Rank
City (Airport)
Total Passengers
% Change
1
ATLANTA GA, US (ATL)
88 032 086
( 2.2)
2
LONDON, GB (LHR)
66 037 578
( 1.5)
3
BEIJING, CN (PEK)
65 372 012
16.9
4
CHICAGO IL, US (ORD)
64 158 343
( 6.1)
5
TOKYO, JP (HND)
61 903 656
( 7.2)
6
PARIS, FR (CDG)
57 906 866
( 4.9)
7
LOS ANGELES CA, US (LAX)
56 520 843
( 5.5)
8
DALLAS/FORT WORTH TX, US (DFW)
56 030 457
( 1.9)
9
FRANKFURT,, DE ((FRA))
50 932 840
( 4.7))
10
DENVER CO, US (DEN)
50 167 485
( 2.1)
11
MADRID, ES (MAD)
48 250 784
( 5.1)
12
NEW YORK NY, US (JFK)
45 915 069
( 4.0)
13
HONG KONG, HK (HKG)
45 558 807
( 4.8)
14
AMSTERDAM, NL (AMS)
43 570 370
( 8.1)
15
DUBAI, AE (DXB)
40 901 752
16
BANGKOK, TH (BKK)
40 500 224
4.9
17
LAS VEGAS NV, US (LAS)
40 469 012
( 6.3)
18
HOUSTON TX, US (IAH)
40 007 354
( 4.1)
19
PHOENIX AZ, US (PHX)
37 824 982
( 5.2)
20
SAN FRANCISCO CA, US (SFO)
37 338 942
0.3
134
434,000 jobs, US$58.2B revenue
• 184,000 employees, sustaining
another 1 million jobs elsewhere
• Generates US$265B in economic
activity in the US
• Avg rail rates are -55% (19812009), making transport costs
cheaper for all
• Railroads are 4x more efficient
than trucks, saving fuel; 1 ton of
freight moved on avg of 480 mi/gal
450,000 jobs, US$38B revenue
(modernization: +190,000 jobs, +US$18B revenue)
408,000 jobs, US$60B revenue
783,700 jobs, US$48.8B revenue
9.2
- Greenhouse gas emissions 75%
reduction
Source: Airports Council International, as of Aug 2010
136
135
Summary
• Industries & government value two-way radios for their
business because of its impact on
-
Security & safety of employees and customers
Reliable communications for immediate assistance when needed
Productivity
Cost savings
• Two-way radios and wireless data are complementary
to each other for industry & government; both tools
bring a different economic value to them
• Most efficient and effective industries & governments
use both tools in combination as a competitive weapon
or as a “tool of the trade” to accomplish their mission
and/or duties
137
Motorola Solutions Inc.
23