Biology I
Fall 2015
Name ___________________________________
Cell Cycle, DNA Replication and Cancer Test Review -KEYTEKS
5A: Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and
mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms;
5D: Recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to diseases such as cancer;
6A: Identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an
organism is carried in the DNA.
Summary of Topics to Review for Unit Test
 DNA- structure and function
 DNA Replication- How and why it replicates
 Cell Cycle- Interphase through cytokinesis. Must know all the steps
 Mitosis- Division of nucleus. Must know all steps and what occurs in each step (PMAT)
 Biomolecules- Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins. Must know structure and functions.
 Osmosis- how it works, where the water goes
 Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis
 Virus- structure and function
 Cell types- prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic; animal vs. plant
I. Textbook Chapters and Sections
A. Chapter 9 Cell Growth & Division pages 244-257
B. Chapter 12 DNA Synthesis pages 333-335
Figure 1
II. Cell Cycle and Mitosis
A. Define cell cycle. Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
B. Label the phases on the cell cycle shown in Figure 1 and briefly describe each phase? See
diagram above
C. Which letter represents cell division in Figure 1? Letter D
D. Why does S phase have to come before Mitosis? DNA is replicated before the nucleus divides
so that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes and DNA.
Interphase; DNA appear as chromatin and replication occurs. It is
divided into G1, S and G2.
Prophase; chromosomes appear as
sister chromatids held together by
the centromere; nuclear membrane
breaks down and centrioles migrate
to opposites sides of the cell.
Metaphase; chromosomes line
up along cell equator.
Anaphase; sister chromatids
separated at centromere;
chromatids move to opposite
sides.
Daughter cells; identical
to the parent cell, and
they enter cell cycle at
interphase
Chromosome Structure
Telophase; cytokinesis
begins; nuclear membrane
forms around each new
daughter cell,
chromosomes unwind;
cleavage furrow develops
in animal cells and cell
plate develops in plant
cells.
Figure 2
E. Label the diagrams above in Figure 2, and label the structures indicated in the various cells.
F. Explain if the cells in Figure 2 are animal or plant cells. Animal cells; cleavage furrow is
developing during telophase and continues in cytokinesis. There is no cell wall present to
restrict the cell shape and centrioles are present
G. Explain how the cancer cell cycle is different from the normal cell cycle. Cancer cells do not
respond to the normal check points of the cell cycle, leading to these cells constantly
dividing. Such uncontrolled cell division can lead to crowding out normal cells and result
in loss of normal cell function or even death.
III. DNA and RNA
A. What does DNA stand for, and describe the function of DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; it stores genetic information and direct cellular activities for protein
synthesis
B. Label a phosphate, a sugar and nitrogen bases shown below in Figure 3.
Phosphate
Nitrogen Base
Nucleotide
Sugar
Figure 3
1. Is the model in Figure 3 DNA or RNA? How can you tell? DNA, double stranded and T is
present
2. What are the repeating units which make up this nucleic acid called? Nucleotides, and they
consist of phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base
Refer to Figure 4A and 4B below to answer the next TWO questions.
3. What process is shown in Figure 4 below (same for both diagrams)? DNA replication
4. When during the cell cycle does the process shown in Figure 4 occur? Occurs during S
phase of Interphase during the cell cycle
Figure 4A
Figure 4B
5. If a strand of DNA has the following sequence of bases listed below, provide the
complementary strand base sequence.
DNA
Complementary DNA
TAGACTC
ATCTGAG
Sample Questions
B 1. What is the purpose of mitosis?
a. Guarantees that each daughter cell has half the amount of DNA of parent cells.
b. It ensures that the new daughter cells have the correct amount of DNA.
c. It ensures the reproduction of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d. It prevents the occurrence of cancer cells.
B 2. DNA replication results ina. 2 completely new DNA molecules
b. 2 DNA molecules with 1 original strand and 1 new strand each
c. 1 new DNA molecule, 1 old molecule is conserved
d. 1 new molecule of RNA
C 3. Cancer cellsa. Do not divide
b. Are never caused by environmental factors
c. Divide uncontrollably and may cause masses of cells
d. None of the above
4. Arrange the letters of the diagrams below in the correct order to indicate the phases of mitosis.
C, B, A, D
A 5. The diagram to the right shows the structure of a unit that makes up proteins. These smaller
subunits that make proteins are called ___.
a. Amino acids
b. Lipids
c. Nucleotides
d. Monosaccharides