Acta Bot. Need.
23
October-December
(5)-(6),
Vaucheria
J.
A
compacta:
estuarine
algal
613-626.
1974, p.
euryhaline
species
Simons
Vakgroep Plantensytematiek, Biologisch Laboratorium,Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
SUMMARY
Data are
A
presented
mass
occurrence.
races”
“salinity
ridial
of
but that
At
sociation
a
As
a
a
of
ecology
of V.
Vaucheria
compacta,
in
salinity
compacta
estuarine
an
of
consequence
this,
a
new
monoecious
filaments
Vaucheria
species
the
it is concluded
ranges
observed
were
Netherlands.
often
showing
that there
is present in
is described:
variety
in
community,
non-modificative morphological variation
occasions
some
and
experiments
From culture
characters.
dalcis.
var.
distribution
on
description is given
Vaucheria
within
are no
anthe-
some
compacta
this
dioecious
species.
1.
INTRODUCTION
the
Investigating
that
V.
Dutch coastal
From
the
records
few
are
to
it is named
types
be
must, in any
1956,
& Conover
to
it
Denmark
1939);
Behre
1953,
appeared
in the
1968).
that
seems
and N. America.
Europe
(Dangeard
as
(1900)
V. compacta
Rosenvinge
by
to
as
be
Although
dioecious species,
“It is
can
of
it
species
& Vroman
(Simons
distribution,
the
European
and
England
American records
1961).
Webber
a
V.
piloboloides
distinct
(Collins)
1968)
and
Quebec
be
hoped
arranged
case,
treat
in
So
history.
V. sphaerospora
var.
compacta. After his
so
in Taylor
Christensen
(1937)
prefers
to
Taylor.
ex
to
in form and
especially
and
correct,
Collins
as
var.
species
strictly
not
(1879)
paper Christensen also drew attention
same
widespread
information about the nomenclatural
Collins
by
compacta.
name
within this
states:
(Blum
(1952) gives
V.
coasts
Germany (Rieth
Collins considered it
description
In the
geographical
Netherlands,
the
and
1958).
dioica. and later
quote the
its
has been described first
species
in
common
in estuarine habitats
France
from Massachusetts
& Wilce
on
most
the Atlantic
from
1952);
Christensen
the
records
a.o.
(Christensen
(Blum
of the
one
region, especially
is restricted
species
are
brackish
compacta is
morphological
variation
size of the antheridia. He
that further research will decide whether the different
mutually
the
complex
distinct
as
a
groups
or
not, but
at
present
one
whole”.
The present paper deals with variation in form and arrangement of antheridia,
and based
on
these
dulcis. Another
V. compacta
var.
has
not
oogonia,
data
variety
a
new
has been
koksoakensis.
variety
is
described named
distinguished by
This
variety,
V.
compacta
Blum & Wilce
characterized
been recorded in the Netherlands
so
far.
(1958)
var.
named
by extremely
long
614
Fig.
J. SIMONS
1.
relate
lines
Survey
to the
are
of the S.W. Dutch
situation
drawn
according
surface, midtide, and
:
isohaline
-I —I —h:
l°/oo.
before
estuarine
the
to
dams
data
average river
0,3°/o 0 -
On the map of the Netherlands:
D: Dollard, Z.F.: polder
Z.
from
The
position
Haringvliet (1970)
(1967).
Peelen
The
of isohalines
and
and Volkerak
isohalines
were
tidal
(1969).
limit
Isohaat
measured
discharge.
16.5°/00 Cl",
+ + +:
region.
in the
:
= =
T:
15°/o„,
10°/oo
=: designed
Terschelling,
Flevoland, G:
:
,
5.5°/o 0
,
3
0
/00
,
construction of dams.
S:
Grathem.
Schiermonnikoog,
L:
Lauwerszeepolder,
VAUCHERIA
2.
COMPACTA:
A
AND
DISTRIBUTION
615
EURYHALINE ESTUARINE ALGAL SPECIES
PERIODICITY
OF
V.
COMPACTA
IN
THE
NETHERLANDS
The distributional pattern of
of habitats
variety
The
vertical range
MHW in freshwater
marine
V.
plex
in
the
consisting
tufted
compacta in the Netherlands includes
about
or
about 30
1
the
typical
rivers
zone,
muddy
(figs.
greater part of
1971).
Fig.
tufted aspect.
a
areas
V. compacta is the
often
forming
sand
3 and
(figs.
4).
3).
Dutch
Luxurious
Meuse reaches
2. Mass occurrence of V.
Along
V.
species
occurrence
as
compacta on
a
algal
far
as
sandy
of
the
flat at
V.
and
subsimplex
in salt marshes
and
most
These
“nopjeswier”
below
euhalinic and
important
algal
mats
tidal
Vaucheria
especially
mats
algal
mat
(Nienhuis
oligohalinic
often
The function of these tufts
may be
name
m.
dark green Vaucheria
extensive
2 and
great
1).
In such habitats V. subsim-
mesohalinic
Along
a
MHW in brackish
MHW.
littoral part of creek banks
high
Biesbosch the
Rhine and
below
thuretii).
V.
mode of aeration of the otherwise compact
area
the map in fig.
from either about 2
m.
above
cm.
and V. velutina (=
littoral
appearance
see
V. compacta grows intermixed with the
the
of
names
compacta extends
areas
and in freshwater tidal
species
a
V.
Nienhuis & Simons
1970,
V.
geographic
V. velutina make up the
carpeting
waters
flats
waters
sphaerospora)
and
often
of
tidal
localities towards
polyhalinic
(=
local
(for
to
on
show
a
provide
felts. In the freshwater tidal
has been
derived from this
compacta upstreams of the
tidal influence is
measurable.
Hellegatsplein(Haringvliet).
616
Fig.
J.
3.
Close up
of
V. compacta mat at
Krimpen a/d Lek,
with
Callitriche
stagnalis
panyingphanerogamic species.
Fig.
4. Net-like
appearence of tufted
V. compacta
mat in
Lauwerszee
polder.
as
SIMONS
accom-
VAUCHERIA
Fig.
5.
COMPACTA:
Parts
Salicornia
of
province
of
displaced
V.
only
a
one
of
the
few records exist. The
to
due
200 km.
mats
Haringvliet,
of the
most
With the
(1969).
Hollands
Diep
and
most
been
rolled
up
behind
a
compacta is nowadays
restricted
The tidal influence at these
Rotterdam. For
at
example,
Krimpen a/d
to
places
one
vanishing
theseriver systems.
only
a
comes
compacta
be observed
can
towards
Apparently
the
beyond
species
(Dangeard
1969
along
level
where
1939).
limit of this belt
stones
tidal
was
withstand
a
quays
determined
In the northern part of the
is
one
of
freshwater tidal
with
locality
region
by
much
V.
occurrence
of
marshes called
the river Western Scheldt.
heavy pollution.
as
Bremen
more
were
the
rich
(mesohalinic)
or
V.
1961),
Bordeaux and
V. compacta in Paris in
less continuous belt above
covered with
splash
Netherlands,
This is in accordance
(Behre
The present author has observed
of the
longer
occurrence
via the Nieuwe Waterweg canal
from the brackish
the river Seine forming
the
streams
Lek East of Rotterdam.
with other European records from towns
Paris
no
Mass
few remaining
freshwater
Antwerp along
can
Haringvliet
of the tides in the
V. compacta
In the southern part of the Dutch S.W. estuarine
Saaftinge
distant record is from the
the mouth of the
Biesbosch,
prominent algal species along
compacta is left
V.
has
inland).
the construction of dams in
and in the Volkerak
called
near
mats,
617
ALGAL SPECIES
the tidal influence in the greater part of the Rhine-Meuse estuary has
Recently
areas.
compacta
Limburg (about
disappeared
V.
EURYHALINE ESTUARINE
plant.
Farther upstream,
(1970)
A
some
silt.
water
The upper
zone.
compacta
occurs
in the
Wadden
618
J.
Sea
in salt
region
creek
optimum growth along
and
of the
the
Dollard
substratum. The soil
This
of
compacta
A
Saaftinge
dominant
assumed
species.
”Vaucherietum” .
actually
tion is
presumed
compacta
be
to
shores of brackish
appear
Z.
polder
be
to
an
and the
Sea. In these
draining
an
inland
can
mass
is
up.
Similar
vast
over
really
and
a
V.
During
ditches.
cases
of
up
dominant
one
as
association
an
species
a
estuaries.
but
was
visit
mats
non-tidal
in
to
studied
be
May
polders
the
namely
1969 from the Wadden
present within
areas
can
also
reclaimed
Newly
could
relatively
the
along
it
polder
was
be lifted from the
can
after the
year
a
V. compacta showed
polder
this
weather. In fig. 5 it
rolling
as
but
species,
compacta
1968 from the freshwater lake
May
sandy
which
mat
rainy
of
V.
by
from
Schiermonnikoog (Simons 1974),
in the Lauwerszee
Especially
contains
European
on
brackish
reclaimed in
of creeks.
during stormy
be rolled
plain
Vaucheria aspect
development
Vaucheria
beach
pools,
(1961)
Kötter
by
environments,
Lauwerszee reclaimed in
the
water.
gently sloping edges
water
a
1),
polder
polders
of the
abundant
the
(fig.
mass.
developed
mention any
not
growth
consisting
ideal environment. Two
Flevoland
Ijsselmeer,
in tidal
occurs
are:
in
mesohalinic
Vaucheria compacta sociation. This seda-
in the N.W.
common
environments. Examples
richly
most
Vaucheria aspect
community
sociation:
a
only
not
Vaucheria
described this
This
be called
should
V.
the
the
of
lutum
large
very
develop
to
nature
mentioned here has also been described
as
that this
Kdtter
the
relatively sandy places.
habitat in the river Elbe. Kötter does
be
safely
where
Scheldt),
a
shown in
from the tidal part of the river Weser and
comparable
named
(Western
mixed
again
appearance that
mass
contains
also
shows its
oligohalinic parts
explained by
environment for algae
is
is
compacta
show the
not
of the
(part
compacta
between salt marshes
zone
V.
sea
This may be
composition
aspect of V. compacta
(1961)
can
the
Dollard marshes
an
be found in
mats can
mass
Behre
it
of the
influence of substratum
marshes
transitional
a
to
of salinity.
unstable
too
in
Closer
Dollard
V.
V. velutina. In the mesohalinic and
account
on
also in the
of the Wadden isles
V. compacta does
marshes,
expected
fraction, causing
a
and
subsimplex
up with V.
and
plains,
systems
(meso-oligohaline).
dunes
could be
beach
marshes,
In the salt marshes
estuary).
Eems
SIMONS
be
bottom
that such
seen
moist,
observed that
has also been mentioned
by
the
by
a mat
Kotter
(1961).
One
species
of the
is
explanations
the
aplanospores.
The
this
left behind
envelope
aplanospore
production
an
or
liberation,
(fig. 6d-g).
the
Sometimes
before being liberated.
of this
occurrence
of asexual
aplanospores
pioneering
propagation
takes
place
at
by
algal
means
the filament
of
tips.
the walls of the terminal part of the filament
laterally
be formed and
after
mass
empty envelope. The filament
(fig. 6a)
can
of
aplanospore
(fig. 6c).
so on
has been observed in V.
Immediately
filaments
as
an
the
capacity
production
After liberation of
are
for
well-developed
can
Shortly
(fig. 6a).
sescuplicaria,
grow
after
A similar
V.
are
way
subsimplex
aplanospore germinates
aplanospores
out
either
growing
into
observed
of
a
new
aplanospore
and V. velutina.
one
to
through
out
or
more new
germinate
even
VAUCHERIA
Fig.
6.
COMPACTA:
A EURYHALINE
different modes of
Sexual reproduction
place
the
the whole
over
mesohalinic
to
As
the
occurrence
can
be
and
summer
THE
3.1.
In order
gical
the
of
sea
to
with
to
environment,
compacta, it
in
never
an
ways:
a:
a
in
optimum
be
can
great
stated
optimum
an
that
of the
periods
and
quantities,
propagation
September
AND
in this
it does
paper
occur
in
the
year
optimum
the
species
often
more
is restricted
in
to
and October.
MORPHOLOGICAL
clearly
over
out to
the
which
species,
alga
was
were
extent
VARIATION
demonstrate the
the whole
char-
euryhaline
salinity traject
of the
cultivated
freshwater basis
12°C,
c:
many
a
25°/
salinity
estu-
or
basis.
ranges.
of
Salinity
Cl“. Culture condi-
were
Salinity
L/D:
12/12,
and
light
Erdschreiber solutions
was
with Erdschr./seawater,
dilution of
physiolosalinity
00
photoperiod
Media used
or a seawater
mixing Erdschr./freshwater
and
morphological
times in
situated between 0 and
temperature of
Erdschr./freshwater
there exists
which could be correlated with the
intensities between 1000 and 2000 Lux.
with either
much smaller scale. It takes
freshwater, with
freshwater.
values in the cultures
a
aplanospore produc-
character
presented
make
involved
on a
in non-brackish situations. Sexual
variation within this
tions
V.
well, although
euryhaline
from
sea to
and autumn, but in other
summer
of V. compacta as
aries,
be it
also,
range from
EURYHALINE CHARACTER
The
acter
observed
was
salinity
autumn
The field data
a-c:
areas.
as
than
germination of aplanospores.
germinationof aplanospores.
periodicity
is in
found
brackish
3.
and
Aplanospore production
tion; d-g:
619
ESTUARINE ALGAL SPECIES
Erdschr./seawater
varied in different
b: adding
NaCl
with distilled
to
water.
620
Within each
the number of
range
about
sample (after
clonal
rial
of V.
Biesbosch and
From
showed
11
growth
Cl
5°/
could
with respect
Sexual
range.
is
Aplanospores
00
-
Cl
be
salinity
to
ten.
Each
collected
freshly
from
or
have tested
mate-
the Western Scheldt
on
localities
concluded
the
as
16°/ 00
Cl
that
(mostly
freshwater
occurs
both the
V.
V.
;
20°/
often
was
Cl
oo
-
Thus
.
mesohalinic part
and
the
no
compacta.
optimum
an
of the
between 0.5 and about
only
brackish
10°/oo
freshwater material.
conditions tested,
salinity
are
compacta
-
and
oligohalinic
the
there
the brackish
Growth stops between 16 and
under all
produced
are
.
reproduction
similar for
again
,
a
laboratory)
we
freshwater
salinity:
to
between 0 and
found in
was
growth
and
-
Waarde
locality
it
experiments
races
occurs
found between 1 and
optimum
the
In this way
from several
similar behaviour towards
a
taken from
of acclimatization in
aplanospores.
and
Cl”)
0 o
culture
physiological
Vegetative
salinity
°/
were
SIMONS
Krimpen a/d Lek).
these
different
quantities
compacta from the brackish
of about
(salinity
weeks
two
cultivated from
material,
steps varied from four
salinity
lasted about one month. Small
test
J.
without any
apparent regularity.
it
Resuming
penetrates
3.2.
can
into
be stated that
marine and
V.
compacta is
a
true
brackish
species,
which
into freshwater environments.
especially
variation
Morphological
3.2.1. Variation in antheridium characters
In material from
different localities
tinuities could be found in size of
Oggel
value
salinity
ments
were
140
364
-
(mean
examples
sometimes three
terminally
plantation
constant
(fig.
in
For
a
character
the
following figures
128)
conclusion
[x;
filaments: 25-70
lie within these
the
of this
at
least
was
are
more
material
the
two
are
be drawn that this is
a
in
in
measure-
variation.
obtained: oogonia;
All
jx.
sizes
-
224
given
in
of
however,
some
& Vroman
1968)
antheridia
in
brackish
shown infig. 7. In freshwater
;
only
together
occasionally
on
relatively
than three antheridia
(fig. 7d).
forms
fifty
overlap
(Simons
observed
implanted
Clusters of
freshwater
salinity
ranges.
clustering
never
a
until sufficient
of antheridia; 72
(mean 40)
earlier paper
phenomenon
clustering
7e).
an
sympodial
antheridia
culturing
must
habitat,
were
length
This
way
in both the brackish and freshwater material
while
medium with
showed considerable
(mean
different localities in
ten
value of the
each
discon-
no
range,
oospores and antheridia.
cultivated in
was
salinity
observed. In
to
abundant
lateral branches
only
salinity
the form and arrangement of the antheridia
were
drawn
was
material such
98- 168
x
greater part
features
material. A few
and
measurements
considering
attention
mean
appeared.
diameter of
;x;
literature for the
interesting
the
sample
The characters
(mean 226)
135)
When
to
structures
taken.
up all his
Summing
Each
range.
corresponding
reproductive
whole
measured these organs in material from
(1971)
the whole
the
over
filaments, oogonia,
was
are
two
short
formed
of antheridium imobserved
different salinities.
to
remain
Therefore the
non-modificative character.
VAUCHERIA COMPACTA:
EURYHALINE ESTUARINE
feature
important
Another
the
especially
A
be
to
number of pores.
terminal pore and
mostly
the number of lateral pores
can
pointed
amount
five
to
figs.
see
V. compacta the number of lateral pores is
two, while in freshwater material there is
at
all.
On
classes
the
and
pores
and
fig.
the classes
than
are
1.2,
7.
1.0 and
Clustering
oogonium,
in
brackish
antheridia
water
Fig.
diagram
1.1
taken
a-c:
clustering
material; d:
in
together,
with
two
terminal
antheridia
8. Form variation
two
samples,
than
none
1.2:2 lateral
from localities
sample
from each
classes.
or
antheridial
following
1.1:1 lateral pore,
mentioned pore
more
lateral pore,
one
the
material of
sometimes
or
The
were
result
is
are
clearly larger (mostly
localities the classes
together.
In freshwater
twice
1.0 and
or
more)
1.1 together
material,
for
example
and form
cluster
from
of
e:
a
of
symfresh-
oogonium.
of antheridia.
than two lateral pores.
one
in brackish material. For
7 and 8. In brackish
In cultivated
a-e;
antheridia
spermatozoids accompanied by plasma expulsion;
more
with
However,
of antheridia
freshwater material;
sample;b; general form
papillae.
shows that in material from freshwater localities
brackish/marine
of antheridia
conical
100 antheridia
above
smaller than 1.2 and 1.3
of
podium
9. This
and that in
clearly
Fig.
in the
grouped
-
provided
usually only
lateral pores.
range, 50
salinity
antheridium,
always
(fig. 8g)
mostly
1.0:0 lateral pores,
(or more)
whole
investigated
shown in
discerned:
1.3:3
the
along
on
basis of the number of lateral pores
be
can
is the form of the
lateral pores
two
variation in antheridia
morphological
at
An antheridium is
one or
621
ALGAL SPECIES
of freshwater
f-h:
antheridia
material;
d: liberation
of brackish
material
of
with
622
J.
dot ed brackish
The
estuaries.
the
of
range
salinity
whole
the
along
samples
from
clas es
antheridal
of
under
cultivated
were
localites
these
of
samples
when
distrbuion
frequency
the
to
apply
distrbuion blocks
frequency
with
Diagram
9.
Biesbosch
and
Grathem
the
in
Fig. lines
conditons.
SIMONS
VAUCHERIA
A
COMPACTA I
from Grathem (non-tidal
in class
belonging
but
conditions,
into
There does
not
3.2.2.
To
such
the
or
be lowered
an extent as
to
to
seem
be
a
of the
salinity
the classes
case
the material under brackish
the
change
quantitative
the
although
the
1.0 +
1.1
less
are
question
than twice
salinity
values
by
were
Lek
Krimpen a/d
the
three methods
tested;
The
Waarde material the
clonal material
sexual
following
takes
In
C1“).
the
clonal
-
00
Cl",
circumstances tested, and
1.1
are
much
upon
different
two
In the
terial
values
and
clearly
than
1.2 +
tested,
aplanospore
On
there
are
no
lasted from
experiments
Krimpen
material.
in tables 1 and 2. As
up
:
sexual
was
salinity
to
the
in the
reproduction
Cl”, contrary
to
wild
of
salinity (0.5- 16°/ 00
range
material where
is
vegetative growth
(table 2)
does
not
optimal
under
vary much under all
mentioned in
from fifteen records
reproduction
only
difference
1.0 +
table 2 of the
values in
(five salinity
aplanospore
rates
being
again
are
material
are
the
material,
not
only
salinity
the
but also with the
which is
a
rate
based
:
of sexual
one
to
with
value
ma-
those
reproduc-
under all
the classes
case
Lek
conditions. The
constant
shows the freshwater pattern
was
Krimpen a/d
almost similar
seawater
remain
com-
salinity
1.0+ 1.1
are
the fifteen values
(at 8°/ 00 Cl")
from
very strong indication for the constancy of
V. compacta.
dulcis
above mentioned data the
different
salinity
broader
values of the
1.3. This
material,
of the
morphological
The
be made
which is lower under
Description of variety
account
Cl".
(wild)
8°/ 00 Cl~).
this character in the freshwater
3.2.3.
Variation in
mentioned in 3.1. Five
1.3. The values
compiled
the
material,
obtained from the wild
the
1.2 +
Growth and
material,
collected
shows the brackish pattern: the classes
of the antheridialclasses does
larger
0
a
material
while the
5 and
freshly
tables I and 2 the results of the freshwater
tion of the wild
much
(at
presented.
of the Waarde
position
are
media),
records
same
are
can
a matter
studied in cultures
which is in accordance with the wild material. The
clearly
smaller than
wild Waarde material
three
over
as
summed
are
of the antheridium classes
composition
were
4f months for the
12°/o
place
aplanospore
12°/
16°/ 00
to
remarks
from 5-
occurs
reproduction
salinities from 5
experiments
c
(fig.
1.3.
of the localities Waarde
aplanospores
b and
12 and
0.5, 5, 8,
results of these
1.2 +
as
ranges
(tidal freshwater).
a,
months for the Waarde material
2|
large
as
has been done both with
material and with clonal material from
and
material
situation
whether implantation and form of antheridiais
with different salinities. This
obtained
these antheridial
oligohalinic
brackish
of environmental modification or not, these characters
(brackish)
freshwater pattern
typical
relation between
environment,
Variation of antheridial characters in
answer
the number of antheridia
Biesbosch,
by culturing
transition between the freshwater and the
some
In this
9).
freshwater)
can
(fig. 9).
one
characters and
shows
1.0
not to
brackish
a
623
EURYHALINE ESTUARINE ALGAL SPECIES
conclusion
must
be drawn that
“races” within V.
compacta, but that there
entities which
differ from each
other in
two
are
two
antheridium char-
624
J.
Table
1.
Summary
of results
and of the freshwater
The results
are
of symbols:
:
presence
ous,
three:
and
spores
V.
compiled
+:
poor
from
compacta
from the
growth,
from
good,
+ +
reproductive
numerous, four:
series of the brackish
test
Krimpen a/d
data obtained
+ +;
of male and female
very
salinity
abundant,
in
+:
three
very
organs.
c?:
the
V.
Lek. Salinities
compacta from Waarde
expressed
are
different media
good,
One
+ + +
symbol:
same, but
only
SIMONS
+;
as
°/ 00
Cl
rich.
some
organs,
antheridia.
two:
o: some
numer-
aplano-
so on.
0.5°/oo
o
5°/oo
00
++++
++ + +
oo
12°/oo
16°/oo
+ + +
+ + +
Waarde
wild
material :
+ + +
vegetative growth
sexual
reproduction
apian ospores
clonal
S
mm
ooo
o
m
oo
o
o
material :
vegetative growth
sexual
+++
+
reproduction
+ + +
aplanospores
+++
<M
-
o
OO
++
<5
oo
-
OO
o
Lek
Krimpen a/d
wild material ;
vegetative growth
sexual
+ +
aplanospores
clonal
+ +
+++
+ +
m
m
m
?
o
o
o
o
oo
material:
+
vegetative growth
sexual
Table
2.
The
figures
++++
o
distribution
between
o
of antheridium
classes
+++
++
<?(?(?
-
o
Frequency
medium.
++
■*
reproduction
aplanospores
were
+ + +
reproduction
<?
ooo
at different
brackets relate to the number
ooo
salinity
of records
o
values of culture
from which
the values
compiled.
Antheridium
1.0
classes
1.1
1.2
1.3
Waarde
wild
material:
clonal
material :
wild
material
clonal
namely
The
to
the
71%
5%
(15)
24%
70%
5%
( 2)
42%
46%
12%
(15)
42%
44%
14%
(
sympodial arrangement
the brackish
entity.
account
pacta
20%
1%
type material of which antheridia
belongs
tinct
:
material :
acters
4%
Lek
Krimpen a/d
so
occurrence
dulcis
var.
entity
in freshwater
nov.
(fig.
shown
by
that the freshwater form
As taxonomic rank of this
of its
var.
form,
and the number of lateral
are
7b,
d,
this
e;
the rank of
variety
fig. 8a-e).
is
be named
variety
named:
Latin
is
O
pores.
Christensen
can
.
(a, b, c). Explanation
(1952),
as
a
proposed.
Voucheria
diagnosis:
A
disOn
mm-
typo
VAUCHERIA
10.
Fig.
COMPACTA:
A
Morphological
lateral
common
non
V. compacta
can
a
monoecious
lateralibus
plerumque
a:
poris
in
disposita
dalcis
var.
be found in
sympodiis
prefers
oligohalinic
with
that in the
variety
recorded,
was
while in
the normal brackish form
var.
the Paris record
(1.0:50%,
b:
oogonia
two
on
one
are
1 vice 2
aut
plus
aut
plusquam 2,
aut
interdum
disposita
in
quam 3.
either tidal
be it in
a
less
among others:
non-tidal.
or
pronounced
Z. Flevoland. It is
form.
Molenbeek
Grathem,
interesting
to note
Z. Flevoland which has been reclaimed from freshwater the
It is assumed that
example
0
habitats,
well,
as
slowly running water), polder
polder
dulcis
character,
non
freshwater
waters
Non-tidal records for the Netherlands
(brook
filament;
lateralibus
brevibus lateralibus antheridiis
sympodiis
It
aberrations,
625
ALGAL SPECIES
branch.
differt in antheridiis
antheridia
EURYHALINE ESTUARINE
dulcis
the
was
as
outside the
occurs
with
polder Lauwerszee,
recorded
a
a
Netherlands
well,
as
showed the antheridialcharacters of
clearly
brackish
pioneering alga.
as
var.
for
dulcis
1.1:44%, 1.2:6%).
3.2.4. Aberrations
At
some
occasions
sample.
This
calities :
Saaftinge,
aberration
monoecious filaments
has
phenomenon
was
so
De Heen and
first
in
seen
1968
Terschelling (see
and, curiously,
cious filaments the antheridia and
an
antheridium and
(fig.
oogonia
oogonium originate
map.,fig.
the
a
dioecious
1).
stand apart, but
same
lo-
At De Heen this
also in 1973. On such
mostly
on
within
from three brackish
monoe-
occasionally
sympodial lateral
branch
10a).
Another
one
observed
were
far been observed
abnormality
lateral branch
planted
on
reduced
to
be
pointed
at
(fig. 10b) suggesting
is the
that the
occurrence
of
oogonia
two
single oogonia
are
on
in fact im-
sympodia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The
author is
manuscript,
greatly
indebted
to Mr. G. W. H.
to Dr. M.
van
den
Vroman for his advice and the critical
Berg
for the
drawings,
to Mr. A. P.
van
reading
Beem
for
of the
general
626
J.
assistance,
Mr.
to
calling attention
A.
for correction
Dop
J.
to the
Vaucheria
growth in
of
the
text, and
English
the Lauwerszee
Drs.
to
W.
SIMONS
Joenje
for
polder.
REFERENCES
(1961):
K.
Behre,
&
J. L.
Blum,
marshes.
Blum,
J. T.
&
Vaucheria
Christensen,
R. T.
T.
F. S.
Dangeard,
105
notes
Studies
Le
New
or
noteworthy
Vaucheriae
distribution
(1958): Description,
on
from North America.
on
the
ihrer Zufliisse.
from New
England
salt
Algae,
II. Rhodora
ecology
of three
species
of
1. A list
of finds
from Denmark
and
Bot. Tidsskr. 49:171-188.
species.
2:
11-14.
Vaucheria, spécialement
genre
and
Rhodora 60:283-288.
genus Vaucheria
submarine
on some
(1939):
Beriicksichtigung
395-401.
unknown
(1900): Notes
P.
(1953):
(3):
Wilce
(1952):
Unterweser unter
Bremerh. 7: 71-263.
Conover
previously
England with
Collins,
Algenbesiedlung der
Meeresf.
Biol. Bull.
L.
J.
Die
Inst.
Veroffentl.
dans
la
du
région
sud-ouest
de
la
France. Le Bolaniste 29:183-254.
F.
Kötter,
Suppl.
Nienhuis,
P. H.
lingen, a
Nienhuis,
with
A.
&
in
R.
J. Simons
(1967);
A.
3
(1956):
Rosenvinge,
L.
on
im
Tidegebiet der
on
Unterelbe.
Arch.f. Hydrobiol.
Vaucheria
oecologie
en
in the
delta
Neth. J. Sea
and
species
periodicity.
their
of flats and salt marshes
Netherlands.
van
Res.
some other
Acta. Bot. Neerl.
Vaucheria
20
compacta
subject, Vrije Universiteit,
area
of the
rivers
Rhine,
5(1):
algae
in
the
Greve-
20-49.
on
a
Dutch salt
( 0:107-118.
in
Z.
W.
Nederland.
Amsterdam.
Meuse and
Scheldt.
Neth.
575-597.
Zur Kenntnis
K.
communities
doctoral research
Isohalines
(4):
algal
(1971);
notes
(1971): Morphologic
J. Sea Res.
Rieth,
The benthic
the South-Western
ecological
Typewritten report
Peelen,
Pflanzengesellschaften
(1970):
sea-arm
P. H.
marsh,
Oggel,
Die
(1961):
Bd. XXVI: 106-184.
(1879):
halophiler Vaucherien
Vaucheria
sphaerospora
I & II. Flora
Nordst.
v.
143:
dioica
127-160,
n.
var.
281-294.
Bot.
Not.:
190-191.
Simons,
in
J.
(1974):
Vaucheria birostris
the Netherlands.
Simons,
J. & M.
Vroman
Acta Bot. Neerl. 17
Taylor,
Sc.,
W. R.
(1937):
n.
sp.
Acta Bot. Neerl. 23
(6):
(1968):
and
(4);
some
further remarks
on
the genus Vaucheria
399-413.
Some remarks
on
the
genus Vaucheria
in the
Notes
on North
Atlantic
Marine
Algae
I.
Papers of the
Mich. Acad,
Arts and Letters 22:225-233.
Webber,
E. E.
Netherlands.
461-466.
(1968): New England
salt marsh
Vaucheriae.
Rhodora 70:
274-277.
of