Building Services Technologies
MECH40737
Module Work Book
2016/17
Foundation Degree in Hospital Estates Engineering (FdSc)
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
The information contained within this document is believed to be correct at the time of going to
print. The reader should be aware that changes in this field are happening very rapidly and it is
the responsibility of the individual to ensure that they keep up to date with developments.
©Eastwood Park Training & Conference Centre
All rights reserved. No part of this Learner Guide may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior permission of the Eastwood Park Training & Conference Centre,
Eastwood Park, Falfield, Wotton Under Edge, South Gloucestershire GL12 8DA.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Contents
Introduction
Contact information
Learning outcomes
Assessment guidance
Activity section 1 – Essential functions of primary building services and statutory
requirements
1.1
Essential building engineering services within healthcare premises
1.2
Service requirements of healthcare environments
1.3
Ventilation of healthcare buildings
1.4
Hot and Cold water systems for healthcare
1.5
Electrical services in healthcare buildings
1.6
Statutory
and
mandatory
requirements
for
ensuring
adequate
building
environmental conditions
Activity section 2 – Controlled operation of building services systems
2.1
Controlled operation of water systems for safety and hygiene
2.2
Ventilation control
2.3
Controlling Electrical systems for safety
2.4
Engineering services controlled operation and maintenance performance
2.5
Control of building services through suitable maintenance systems
2.6
Control strategies for key building services
Activity section 3 – Core design criteria and relationship to safety and user needs
3.1
Potential failure and impact on business
3.2
Design considerations for safety and operation of electrical services
3.3
Design criteria for safety and operation of ventilation services
3.4
Design factors for safety and operation of hot and cold water systems
3.5
Design and user expectation
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Introduction
Welcome to the Building Services Technologies module of your foundation degree
programme. The purpose of this study book is to provide you with the support and
guidance necessary for you to develop your building services knowledge and
understanding. As a work-based learner, you will be required to be independent, selfmotivated, and resourceful in your approach to learning. You will be in control of your own
progress with the support from your personal tutor. You will set yourself achievable targets
and work at your own pace to meet agreed submission deadlines.
The content of this study book is aligned with the learning outcomes assessed throughout
the unit and the module runs alongside with the other modules you will study. You will
work through a series of activities that will give you a sound, preparatory foundation for
your assessments. The activities in this study book are structured by learning outcome
and divided into five / six sub-activities for each learning outcome.
Activity number one will support you in developing your knowledge and understanding of
the essential functions of building services within the context healthcare provision and the
statutory requirements for ensuring suitable built environments within healthcare facilities.
Activity number two will support you explain the controlled operation of each of the main
building services systems by reference to engineering principles and the use of
fundamental engineering units / SI units.
Activity number three will help you to evaluate core design criteria / considerations utilized
within each of the main building services systems explaining how they relate to safety and
/ or other needs of the built environment within healthcare premises.
You will need to thoroughly read through this guide and become familiar with its content.
Working though the activities will form an integral part of your development, not only as
a work-based learner gaining a new qualification but also a professional employee in your
field. The learning that will take place over the duration of your course will extend beyond
mere learning outcomes. It will be an opportunity for you to widen the context of your
learning and you will be able to create more learning opportunities in your field.
Should you have questions about anything to do with your modules, the study activities,
or anything else related to your course then please do contact your personal tutor. You
will be required to upload your completed work onto your page on the Moodle Virtual
Learning Environment (VLE). You will need to email your personal tutor when you have
done so, copying the Higher Education Programmes Manager into your email.
Klaus Muecher
Higher Education Programmes Manager
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Module Leader
Klaus Muecher
Eastwood Park Training and Conference Centre,
Falfield, Wotton Under Edge,
Gloucestershire GL12 8DA
Telephone 01454 262792
E-mail: [email protected]
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module students will be able to:
Learning Outcome 1
Analyse the necessary scope and essential functions of primary building services
systems utilized within healthcare premises and their statutory requirements for
ensuring an adequate built environment
Learning Outcome 2
Explain the controlled operation of each of the main building services systems by
reference to engineering principles and the use of fundamental engineering units / SI
units
Learning Outcome 3
Evaluate core design criteria / considerations utilized within each of the main building
services systems explaining how they relate to safety and / or other needs of the built
environment within healthcare premises
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Assessment guidance
The activities in this study book are written with the purpose to support you, the learner,
to access, study, and contextualise appropriate academic theory alongside practical
application, best practice guidance and statutory requirements. Whilst working through
the activities in this study guide you will find opportunities to analyse and evaluate current
building services requirements in the context of healthcare provision and analyse the
various and often competing requirements of users and the need for compliance.
The activities are designed to raise your own awareness of the importance of the topics
studied, but also to help you with your preparation for the assessment of this unit. The
activities you are encouraged to work through here do not form part of the assessment.
However, it is strongly recommended that you work through the activities at your own
pace. This will provide you with opportunities to apply your findings to the assessed tasks.
You should use regulatory requirements, best practice guidance and appropriate academic
theory as a source of reference wherever possible in order to support any statements you
make.
You are encouraged to reflect this leaning into your work environment as a case study,
and to critically reflect on your own professional progression. You can anonymise
information throughout the activities in this workbook. Your work will be treated as
personal and confidential at all times, allowing you to reflect openly and honestly.
You are encouraged to share your completed activities with your personal tutor and
module tutor, i.e. upload your completed study activities on to Moodle before the module
assessment.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Building Services Technologies Activities
Activity section 1 – Essential functions of primary building
services and statutory requirements
1.1
Essential building engineering services within healthcare premises
1.2
Service requirements of healthcare environments
1.3
Ventilation of healthcare buildings
1.4
Hot and Cold water systems for healthcare
1.5
Electrical services in healthcare buildings
1.6
Statutory
and
mandatory
requirements
for
ensuring
adequate
built
environmental conditions
1.1
Essential building engineering services within healthcare premises
Occupants of healthcare buildings require suitable, safe and comfortable environments in
order to function at a required level of performance in providing patient care services.
Building engineering services are essential to providing the internal environmental
conditions that enable healthcare providers to operate at optimum levels of efficiency and
service provision.
Develop a table listing the essential building service requirements for a suitable healthcare
environment showing how the core service requirements vary according to building space
use / user/ operational requirements, how they support the specific healthcare
requirements.
Use the box to summarise your thoughts on this
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
1.2
Service requirements of healthcare environments
All employers have a duty to prevent ill health in the workplace as a requirement of the
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at
Work Regulations 1999. These statutory requirements place a responsibility on the
building occupier / employer to ensure the health and safety of all those who work in or
access healthcare premises. In order to be able to provide safe suitable environments
there will be a need to determine the risk associated with the built environment. As well
as ensuring the built healthcare environment is managed in such a way as to enable the
treatment of patients, and promote and support the health and wellbeing of both patients
and staff, we need to ensure the environment and building services do not provide
contributing factors to ill health. By their very nature healthcare environments will not
satisfy all occupants 100% of the time with some groups of users being particularly
vulnerable
Complete the questionnaire and fill in your answers next to each question.
Question: What are the health issues
associated with;
Electrical services
Answer
Ventilation systems
eating systems
Hot and cold water systems
Lighting systems
Drainage systems
Other building engineering systems
Analyse these health issues and explain your understanding of what can be done to
remove, reduce or mitigate them in these systems.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
1.3
Ventilation of healthcare buildings
Ventilation is used extensively across the healthcare estate to provide environmental
condition suitable for the type of use the buildings are designed for or put to. Ventilation
can be as simple as natural ventilation provided by windows and ducted shafts or complex
systems to provide ultra clean air and specific environmental conditions for areas such as
operating theatres and aseptic units. Any ventilation system used in healthcare must
therefore be designed, installed, operated and maintained to ensure optimal performance
for the provision of adequate and safe environmental conditions. Natural ventilation is the
simplest but current guidance restricting the opening of windows for safety reasons limits
its application. More common forms of ventilation are mechanical forced systems with
associated extract systems that provide suitable air change rates. Many healthcare
environments demand more exacting environmental conditions and will have provide
heating, cooling and, occasionally, humidification.
The diagram provided shows a typical ventilation system for a healthcare environment.
You are required to label the key component parts and describe their function and how
they are essential for the provision of a suitable and safe environment.
Use this box to describe how other ventilation systems within healthcare buildings might
vary from the one above, identify the additional component parts and describe their
primary function.
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
1.4
Hot and Cold water systems for healthcare
The provision of hot and cold water systems is fundamentally vital for the provision of
healthcare services. Healthcare premises require high quality water systems to maintain
hygiene and provide a comfortable environment for patient and staff. Water is an effective
medium for the growth and transmission of unwanted pathogens and it is essential that
the water services systems are installed, operated, maintained, monitored and tested to
ensure conditions for the proliferation, and dissemination of pathogens is controlled. Due
to the complexity of modern healthcare requirements the hot and cold water services
systems have become more complex.
Provide a simple schematic diagram of a typical hot and cold water services installation.
Describe the key components and their primary function within the system.
Use this box to reflect on the statutory requirements associated with the component
elements the system.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
1.5
Electrical services in healthcare buildings
A modern healthcare provision cannot exist without electricity and electrical energy
consumption is growing constantly with more complex diagnostic and treatment processes
and equipment being used in medicine. It is estimated that electrical consumption
accounts for over 50% of a hospitals energy costs.
The electrical services infrastructure is required to provide safe, resilient electrical supplies
throughout the buildings. Many healthcare facilities have an incoming high voltage supply
at 11 kV provided by the distribution network operator (DNO) although smaller premises
may be provided with low voltage supply at 415 V.
The resilience of the electrical infrastructure is of the utmost importance in a healthcare
setting and the use of uninterruptable power supplies (UPS), isolated power supplies (IPS),
CHP and standby generation are used to provide the resilience required.
Provide an electrical services infrastructure schematic that shows how the incoming HV
supply / LV supplies provide power to final circuits at 240 volts. The schematic should also
clearly identify the arrangements for continuity of supply in the event of an incoming
supply failure.
Use this box to describe the protective measures and devices required in such a system
and how the protective devices work in order to ensure that the nearest protection device
to a fault is operated first.
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
1.6 Statutory and Mandatory
environmental conditions
requirements
for
ensuring
adequate
built
Building operators and engineering service providers need to ensure that the building
engineering services operate satisfactorily, provide maximum availability to the building
occupiers / users, ensure the provision of the required building environment.
Alongside this is the need to ensure the provision of the built environment; operating
processes and maintenance are undertaken in compliance with statutory and mandatory
requirements. Additionally records and evidential documentation is required to be in place,
up to date and representative of the systems being operated.
Analyse the principle statutory and mandatory requirements for building services in a
healthcare setting and describe the essential requirements for the core services – electrics,
water, ventilation, and lighting.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Activity section 2 – Controlled operation of building services
systems
2.1
Controlled operation of water systems for safety
2.2
Ventilation control
2.3
Controlling electrical systems for safety
2.4
Engineering services controlled operation and maintenance performance
2.5
Control of building services through suitable maintenance systems
2.6
Control strategies for key building services
2.2
Controlled operation of water systems for safety and hygiene
Specific requirements are needed for controlling water systems for patient and staff safety.
Design of the installation and its control principles ensure water is safe to drink, safe to
use for patient hygiene and for other processes within healthcare buildings. Control
measures include temperature, chemical and other forms of water treatment.
What are the principle statutory requirements applicable to healthcare premises for the
safe control of hot and cold water systems?
Chlorine is present in the incoming supply form the water undertaker. It is used widely to
provide disinfection of hot and cold water services in healthcare buildings. The effective
amount of free chlorine available is dependent on the pH value of the water. When chlorine
is added to water, some of the chlorine reacts with organic materials and metals in the
water and is not available for disinfection. This is called the chlorine demand of the water.
The remaining chlorine, after the chlorine demand is accounted for, is called the total
chlorine. Total chlorine is further divided into the amount of chlorine that has reacted with
nitrates and is unavailable for disinfection (called combined chlorine) and the free chlorine,
which is the chlorine available to inactivate pathogens (free chlorine). This is shown in the
diagram below
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Added
chlorine
Initial chlorine
added to water
Chlorine demand
Reacts with organic
material, metals
etc. present in the
water
Total chlorine
Remaining chlorine
concentration after
the chlorine demand
of the water
Free chlorine
Concentration of
chlorine available
for disinfection
Combined chlorine
Concentration of
chlorine combined
with nitrogen in the
water and unavailable
for disinfection
Showing all working methods and assumptions, calculate the volume of sodium
hypochlorite required to provide a concentration of 50 parts per million for disinfecting a
water storage cistern. The dimensions of the cistern are; length 2 metres, width 2 metres
and height 2.5 metres. The control valve controls the level in the tank to a maximum of
0.5 metres below the top of the tank.
The pH of the incoming water supply is 8.4
The supplied concentration of the sodium hypochlorite is 10% with water
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
2.2
Ventilation systems control
The sophistication of the ventilation systems used in healthcare premises is increasing and
with the need to provide specific environmental conditions for patient comfort, prevention
of healthcare associated infection, exposure of staff to anaesthetic gas, ultra clean
systems, quality assurance and protection from harmful organisms. These systems require
suitable controls to ensure the environmental condition meet the needs of the user.
In a simple mechanical supply system air moved in controlled quantities by a fan to an
area to replace the air in the room with fresh supplies and is referred to as the air change
rate. It is the volume of air being delivered or removed that controls the rate of air changes
to the room.
Calculate the impact in air change rates and hence control of the environment for a room
measuring 6 metres by 4 metres by 2.5 metres high being supplied with an air flow of 448
l/s following building modifications which increase the size of the room to 8 metres by 3
metres.
Reflect on the impact on the environmental condition changes this might cause in relation
to the various types of healthcare environment
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
2.3
Controlling electrical systems for safety
Medical professionals, designers and architects are increasingly realising the importance
of creating a ‘healing environment’ that addresses the totality of patient and staff needs.
A patient’s perception of the physical environment in a hospital can affect his or her sense
of wellbeing and, potentially, health.
From a control perspective lighting has to to satisfy two very important considerations.
Firstly that of meeting the requirements demanded of each area within the building.
Some of the tasks to be carried out will require specific and exacting levels of visual
performance. The very safety of staff and patients depend on it. The second and
perhaps equally important consideration will be to create an environment that is visually
satisfying, wholly appropriate and ‘emotionally compatible’.
Explain the relationship between the terms foot-candle and Lux.
What is ‘utilisation factor ‘ and ‘maintenance factor’?
A general are measuring 10 metres by 5 metres and 2.5 metres high requires a lighting
level of 800 lux at a working height of 1 metre. Calculate the number fittings required
where the installed flux per fitting is 6000 lumens. What would the impact be if the room
had dual use where a lighting level of only 600 lux is required?
Discuss options for providing control of the lighting and advantages and disadvantages of
such systems.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
2.4
Engineering services controlled operation and maintenance performance
All building operators and building service providers need to ensure that their performance
levels meet the requirements of the service contract and / or service level agreements
within the controlled operation of those services.
This performance includes
predetermined objectives, agreed action plans and business operating targets. Building
service operators like most businesses need to ensure continuous improvement in the
provision of their services especially in relation to contractual requirements and internal
business service level agreements. The continuous improvement model is a useful aid to
understanding this process. Measuring and reporting performance usual require the use
of performance indicators.
Monitor
Results
Data
Collection
Are implemented
actions
achieving desired
outcomes
What is the
current situation?
Continuous Improvement
Action plan
What improvements
are required
and how are they to
be achieved?
Data analysis
&
Extraction of
intelligence
What is intended
and is it being
realised
What are the critical information sets required to ensure the building services are
adequately controlled and continue to meet expectations, provide an adequate built
environment, asset utilisation, contractual obligations and a level of compliance that meets
the organisations appetite for risk.
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Develop a list of performance indicators, combining qualitative and quantitative measures,
and explain how they can help to maximise overall effectiveness of the operations and
maintenance service provision.
What are the critical
information sets
required to measure
the performance.
(Performance
indicators)
Qualitative
Quantitative
How do they help to maximise
effectiveness
of
service
provision
Use this box to explain how the monitoring of performance is used in your own organisation
and how it supports the quality improvement agenda
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
2.5
Control of building services through suitable maintenance systems
Building engineering services play a vital role in achieving the organisations objectives by
providing safe, suitable and comfortable environments that support healthcare provision.
In a modern healthcare facility the building engineering services are becoming more and
more complex particularly where closely controlled environmental conditions are required.
For these exacting conditions to be met and to ensure the building is able to support
healthcare at an optimum level of safety and comfort enable the building to operate as
required. The building users need absolute confidence that the supporting engineering
building services will not let them down. The operation and maintenance of these services
is therefore critical.
If building engineering services are not adequately monitored and maintained this can and
will have consequences including potential contravention of statutory and mandatory
requirements, business continuity impact, safety implications, decreased utility of the
asset, life cycle implications, and impact on business and staff performance.
In order that the requirements of the building user are met comprehensive information is
required which encompasses the designed operating parameters and maintenance and
testing requirements. This information is an essential part of any service level agreement
or maintenance contract.
Such maintenance and testing procedures are incorporated into computerized
maintenance systems. These how ever need to be customized to the needs of the
organisation, building users and installed assets. They can be based on industry standard
recommendations and maintenance schedules, for example SFG 20, however all
maintenance and testing requirements should be tailored to the as fitted services and the
environmental conditions required by the users.
Analyse the critical maintenance and monitoring requirements for engineering services.
What factors are key to determining the most suitable maintenance process, what
determines the frequency of inspections and testing, what determines whether
interventional or non-interventional techniques are required. (500 words)
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
2.6
Control strategies for key building services
The building service requirements within healthcare buildings have to provide suitable
environments for the users – patients, staff, visitors etc. These requirements vary
according to the use and require differing control strategies and parameters in order that
the environmental conditions are as required.
What is the purpose of control in relation to the built environment? Discuss the importance
of the provision of control for building operators/users/occupants with the ability to
regulate the environment and ensure they understand the how the control systems
operate, the limit of the control and the impact of control intervention
Describe the control strategies for the key building services and analyse the variances
required to meet the differing needs of specialist healthcare services such as outpatients,
day surgery, general surgery, Specialist surgery, cancer / neutropenic / transplant care,
general ward, isolation units, intensive care units, general offices, sterile services units,
aseptic units etc.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Activity section 3 – Core design criteria and relationship to safety
and user needs
3.1
Potential failures and impact on business
3.2
Design considerations for safety and operation of electrical services
3.3
Design criteria for safety and operation of ventilation services
3.4
Design factors for safety and operation of hot and cold water services
3.5
Design and user expectations
3.1
Potential failures and impact on business
Building operators and engineering services providers have a responsibility to identify and
control risk associated with the building engineering services. They have valuable
knowledge of how the building services operate and a unique ability to identify and control
those risks.
Risk is associated with a number of factors including operation and maintenance and must
be mitigated through planned intervention and control measures.
Statutory instruments require the building operator to identify those risks using suitable
and sufficient risk assessment processes and implement control measures.
These risks need to be considered at the design stage to ensure risk issues are not
designed into the installation.
Identify the different potential types of failure events, what might trigger them, what the
impact on business continuity, patient and staff safety, might be. You might wish to use a
table as set out below to provide your response.
Failure type
Triggers
Impact
business
continuity
on
Impact
on
patient safety
Impact
on
staff safety
Use your answers to identify strategies to reduce the likelihood of these failures occurring
and mitigating factors to minimise the impact.
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
3.2
Design factors for safety and operation of electrical services
All healthcare premises rely on having an electrical infrastructure for their critical power
and energy needs. This electrical infrastructure needs to be safe, reliable and available.
Minimisation of the risks of system failure and the consequential impact to patients and
users of the healthcare premises need to be assessed at the design stage. Risk associated
with clinical risk, business continuity resilience are key issues for the designers.
Evaluate the electrical equipment that will be key factors in producing a design brief for a
primary and secondary electrical distribution system. Consider the following in your
assessment; mobile trailer units, UPS, IPS and lightning protection.
How are factors such the protection and isolation methods, isolated power supplies,
earthing etc. addressed.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
3.3
Design factors for safety and operation of ventilation systems
The ventilation of enclosed workspaces, by means of natural or mechanical systems, is a
requirement of the building regulations. There are many factors that need to be
considered including the activities of the areas or buildings, safety, removal of
contaminants, dilution, etc.
Mechanical ventilation systems are an inherent part of all type of healthcare buildings with
specialised systems used in treatment areas such as operating theatres, ITU, isolation
wards, orthopaedic services, QA processing areas and SSD’s etc.
These factors affect many of the patient environments and systems design need to
consider patient comfort, staff safety and the prevention and control of healthcareassociated infections. These systems are becoming more complex and sophisticated in
their nature and environmental demands. The patient and healthcare staff will have an
expectation that they will be designed installed commissioned maintained repaired and
operated to standards that will ensure reliable, safe provision of a suitable environment.
Assess the core design factors that need to be considered at design stage and comment
on how they enable the provision of a safe, compliant and suitable environment for the
patient and staff.
Show how decisions at design stage can have an impact on the asset life cycle, the
maintenance strategy and maintenance techniques that can be used.
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
3.4
Design factors for safety and operation of hot and cold water services
It is essential that the needs of the patient and staff within the healthcare estate be
carefully considered alongside the need to comply with various legislative provisions. The
safe diagnosis, treatment and clinical care of patients depend on safe, wholesome water
systems to maintain hygiene and a comfortable environment.
The design, installation, commissioning, maintenance, repair and operation of hot and cold
water systems are vital for the safety and wellbeing of patients and staff.
Water systems in healthcare buildings are recognised as potential sources of opportunistic
pathogens that can infect staff and in particular vulnerable patients. These water systems
are becoming more complex and require careful consideration to ensure at the design
stage to ensure the resultant systems minimise and remove potential hazards associated
with these pathogens.
Evaluate the key design considerations for a hot and cold water system in a healthcare
building or site. What factors relate exclusively to safety and which are related to comfort
and staff convenience
Use this space to reflect on your research in determining the minimum requirements for a
hot and cold system, the regulatory requirements and specific issues facing the design
team.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
3.5
Design and user expectations
There are many factors that influence the design brief and criteria for building services.
The design will be influenced by the type of healthcare building, its various uses, type of
healthcare service provision and specific process operated by the core business function.
Additionally the user will have various requirements, expectations and aspirations as to
the finished installation as will the operator and maintenance provider.
Explain typical design parameters of the buildings services and describe the key features
and potential compromises that have to be reached between ideal design, compliance with
statutory requirements, user requirements and the practical, affordable and achievable
installation, operational and maintenance provisions.
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Assignment 1
Learning Outcome 1
Analyse the necessary scope and essential functions of primary building services systems
utilized within healthcare premises and their statutory requirements for ensuring an
adequate built environment
Assessed Activity
A
Complete an audit of the key building services within a healthcare building
B
identify the key components and functions of each of those services (choose 3)
C
Identify the statutory requirements for those key services
D
Discuss how these services provide an adequate built environment
Assignment 2
Learning Outcome 2
Explain the controlled operation of each of the main building services systems by reference
to engineering principles and the use of fundamental engineering units / SI units
Learning Outcome 3
Evaluate core design criteria / considerations utilized within each of the main building
services systems explaining how they relate to safety and / or other needs of the built
environment within healthcare premises
Assessed Activity
A
Taking one of the above core building services, assess the current control
parameters and control mechanisms.
B
Identify where they do not meet required required environmental condition
C
Analyse and comment on why this might be the case
D
Explain the options available to improve the control of the system
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Suggested reading
Core Texts:
Chadderton D. V. (2013) Building Services Engineering, 6th ed., Oxon, Routledge
Greeno R. (2006) Building Services, Technology and Design, Essex, Pearson Longman
Recommended Reading:
Health Technical Memorandum
HTM 00 Policies and principles of healthcare engineering
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
01-01
01-01
01-01
01-01
01-01
01-04
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
01-05
01-06
01-06
01-06
01-06
Part A Formulation of local policies and choices
Part B Common elements
Part C Steam sterilization
Part D Washer disinfectors
Part E Alternatives to steam for the sterilization of reusable instruments
Decontamination of linen for health and social care: guidance for linen
processors implementing BS 14065
Decontamination in primary care dental practices
Decontamination of flexible endoscopes: Design and installation
Decontamination of flexible endoscopes: Operational management
Decontamination of flexible endoscopes: Testing methods
Decontamination of flexible endoscopes: Validation and verification
HTM 02-01 Part A Design, installation, validation and verification
HTM 02-01 Part B Operational management
HTM 03-01 Part A Design and validation
HTM 03-01 Part B Operational management and verification
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
04-01 Part A Design, installation and commissioning
04-01 Part B Operational management
04-01 Part C Pseudomonas aeruginosa – advice for augmented care premises
04-01: Supplement Performance specification D 08: thermostatic mixing
valves (healthcare buildings)
HTM 05-01 Managing healthcare fire safety
HTM 05-02 Guidance in support of functional provisions for healthcare buildings
HTM 05-03 Parts A - L
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
06-01
06-01
06-02
06-03
Part A Design considerations
Part B Operational management
Electrical safety guidance for low voltage systems
Electrical safety guidance for high voltage systems
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
07-01 Safe management of healthcare waste
07-02 Encode 2015: making energy work in healthcare
07-03 Transport management and car parking
07-04 Water management and water efficiency
07-05 The treatment, recovery, recycling and safe disposal of waste electrical and
electronic equipment
HTM 07-06 Disposal of pharmaceutical waste in the community
HTM 07-07 Sustainable health and social care buildings
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
HTM
HTM
HTM
HTM
08-01
08-02
08-03
08-06
Acoustics
Lifts
Bedhead services
Pathology laboratory gas systems
Health Building Notes
HBN 00-01 General design principles (2014)
HBN 00-02 Sanitary spaces (2013)
HBN 00-03 Clinical and clinical support spaces (2013)
HBN 00-04 Circulation and communication spaces (2013)
HBN 00-07 Resilience planning for the healthcare estate (2014)
HBN 00-08 Part A; A Strategic Framework for the efficient management of
healthcare estates and facilities (2014)
HBN 00-08 Part B Supplementary information (2014)
HBN 00-09 Infection control in the built environment (2013)
HBN 00-10 part A flooring (2013)
HBN 00-10 part B Walls and Ceilings (2013)
HBN 00-10 part C Sanitary assemblies (2013)
HBN 00-10 part D Windows and associated hardware (2013)
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
HBN
01-01
02-01
03-01
04-01
04-02
07-01
07-02
09-02
09-03
10-02
11-01
11-01
Cardiac facilities (2013)
Cancer treatment facilities (2013)
Adult acute mental health units (2013)
Adult inpatient facilities (2009)
Critical care units (2013)
Satellite dialysis units (2013)
Main renal units (2013)
Maternity care facilities (2013)
Neonatal units (2013)
Day surgery facilities (2007)
Facilities for primary and community care services (2013)
Supplement A –Resilience and emergency planning in
primary and community care (2013)
HBN 14-01 Pharmacy and radiopharmacy facilities (2013)
HBN 15-01 Accident and Emergency Departments Planning and Design Guidance (2013)
CIBSE guidance
AM 10 Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings
AM 14 Non-domestic hot water heating systems
TM 13 Minimising the risk of legionnaires disease
TM 21 Minimising pollution at air intakes
TM 26 Hygienic maintenance of office ventilation ductwork
TM 29 HVAC strategies for well insulated airtight buildings
TM 30 Improved life cycle performance of mechanical ventilation systems
TM 31 Building logbook toolkit
TM 40 Health issues in building services
TM 53 Refurbishment of non domestic buildings
Water distribution systems: Commissioning code: W
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering
Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
BSRIA guidance
BG 24 Asset management and maintenance audits
BG 26 Building manuals and building user guides
BG 35 Condition surveys and asset data capture
Websites:
Whole building design guide
The Water Management Society
Institute of Healthcare Engineering
and Estate Management
https://www.wbdg.org/design
http://www.wmsoc.org.uk
http://www.iheem.org.uk
Government Publications
https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/public-health-england
FdSc Hospital Engineering / FdSc Medical Equipment Technologies
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Module study book – Building Services Technologies (MECH40737)
Conclusion
Completing all of the activities in this study book should have provided you with the
opportunities to develop your knowledge of the key building engineering services systems
found throughout healthcare premises. You will have undertaken research and learning to
understand better the essential functions of these key engineering systems. The learning
from the module will have helped you to understand the control of these essential systems
and you will have also now be able to evaluate the design criteria associated with them.
Going forward you will find that you will need to reference your sources of information in
a universally accepted format, such as the Harvard referencing method. This will give your
hypotheses and discussions academic prowess and the necessary credentials. It will also
prepare you for progressing onto an Honors Degree, should you wish to continue with your
studies.
The work you have produced throughout this module should be useful to you going forward
in your career. It should provide you with the confidence to manage a wide range of
building engineering services systems within healthcare premises and also prepare you for
the level 5 modules where you will study the key systems in depth.
You may revisit the work you have produced throughout this module, or use it to apply to
future scenarios at work.
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FdSc in Hospital Engineering