Organic and Inorganic Matter
• Organic compounds and inorganic
compounds form the basis for chemistry.
• Organic compounds are the result of
activities of living beings. Organic
compounds always contain carbon while
most inorganic compounds do not contain
carbon.
• Inorganic compounds are created either
due to natural processes unrelated to
any life form or the result of human
experimentation in the laboratory.
Organic vs. Inorganic Matter
Organic










protein
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acid
sugar
fats
plants
animals
carbon
calcium
Inorganic
 minerals (sodium chloride
or table salt)
 sand
 soil
 rocks
 oxygen
 water
5 Compounds that Make Up Life
Water
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates
Lipids/Fats
Proteins/Enzymes
Macromolecules – macro – “large”
• In biology, there are four main classes of large
molecules called macromolecules that are used by our
bodies.
• These macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids and nucleic acids.
Water
• Water is the most abundant
(inorganic) chemical in the cell.
• The cells are made up of 70%
water.
• Chemical reactions involved in
metabolism require water.
(Metabolism – the chemical
activities that enable organism
to stay alive, grow and
reproduce.)
• We get water from the fluids
we drink and the food we eat.
• Most organisms can survive
only 3 days with out water.
Macromolecules
• Macromolecules –
macro – “large”
• In biology, there are
four main classes of
large molecules called
macromolecules that
are used by our
bodies.
• These macromolecules
are carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids and
nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are molecules
made of sugar.
• Cells use carbohydrates for
energy and to store energy.
• Simple Carbohydratesmade of one or a few sugar
molecules linked together.
(ex. table sugar or fruit)
• Complex Carbohydrates- are
made of many (100’s) of
sugar molecules linked
together. (ex. Starches
such as a potato and grains)
Simple Carbohydrates
Complex Carbohydrates
Simple vs. Complex
Carbohydrates
1st Video Clip - This
video is to show what
people mean about
simple carbs (the junk
food team) and the
complex carbs (the
veggie team.)
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?feature=playe
r_detailpage&v=qhEhD
1B29xQ
Lipids/Fats
• Lipids are all fats, oils
and waxes.
• Like carbohydrates
lipids are energy rich.
• Lipids contain even
more energy than
carbohydrates.
• Example: During the
winter a hibernating
bear lives on the
energy stored as fat
in the cells.
Proteins
• What do a birds
feather, a spider’s
web and your
fingernails have in
common?
• Proteins are the
building materials of
the cell.
• Foods that are high
in protein include
meat, eggs, fish,
nuts and beans.
Proteins Structure
• Cells need proteins
because they form
most of the cell
membrane, many of
the organelles and
we need proteins to
build muscles.
Proteins are made
up of smaller
molecules called
amino acids.
There are about 20
common amino acids,
that can combined in
different ways to
form all of the
diversity of life on
Earth.
Consider This!
• Compare 20 amino acids to the
26 letters of the alphabet. The
26 letters can combine thousands
of different ways to form new
words.
• The letters you use and their
order determine the words you
form.
• Even if only one letter is
changed, for example, mice to
rice, a new word is formed.
• Similarly, changes in the type or
order of amino acids result in a
different protein.
Proteins in Action
• Proteins have many different jobs.
• Some protein are small and help cells do
their jobs.
• Inside red blood cells, the protein
hemoglobin binds to oxygen to deliver and
release oxygen throughout the body.
• Some proteins protect the cells.
• Other proteins , called enzymes, speed up
chemical reactions in cells.
• Enzymes are catalyst. Catalyst speed up
chemical reaction.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acids are
the genetic
materials of the
cell. The chemical
instructions that
direct the cell's
activities
There are two
types of nucleic
acid – DNA & RNA.
DNA
• DNA – stands for
deoxyribonucleic
acid.
• DNA is the genetic
material- the
material that
determines that
inherited
characteristics.
RNA
• RNA – ribonucleic
acid
• RNA is similar to
DNA
• RNA helps in the
process of changing
the DNA code into
proteins.