Final Review Practice
1. Why is water a liquid, sugar a solid, and oxygen a gas at room temperature?
The intermolecular forces of attraction in sugar than that of water which in turns are stronger
than those of oxygen.
2. What is conduction? How is heat transferred through a metal frying pan to an egg?
The particles of a substance (solid) gain kinetic energy causing an increase in vibration
that is passed on to adjacent particles by contact. Metal of the pan touching egg conducts
heat by vibration of particles and passing the energy from the heat source to the egg.
3. Name the following phase changes and indicate whether the change is an endothermic or
an exothermic process.
‐gas to liquid Condensation/ Exo
‐solid to gas Sublimation /Endo
‐liquid to gas Evaporation/Endo
‐solid to liquid Melting/Endo
4. Using the heating curve below:
‐what change is happening from point B to point C? what is occurring on the molecular level?
The intermolecular forces that are holding the solids together are breaking apart using the energy
provided.
‐explain whether or not it takes longer to melt or to boil this substance, and explain why.
It takes more energy to separate particles in a liquid to form gas than it does to separate the
particles in a solid to form liquid.
Final Review Practice
5. How do the amount of [H+] and [OH‐] compare in acid, base and neutral solutions?
Acid more [H+]
Base more [OH‐]
Neutral Equal amounts of [H+] and [OH‐]
6. What are the pH ranges for acids and bases?
Acid: 0-7
Base:7-14
Neutral: 7
7. Identify the following substances by their pH.
urine 6.6 Acid
pumpkin juice ‐5 Acid
saliva ‐ 7 Neutral
eggs – 7.8 Base
beer – 4.5 Acid
bread – 5.5 Acid
8. Describes three tests you could perform to identify an acid, and three tests for identifying
a base.
PH scale
Litmus Paper
Formula ( H, OH)
9. What are the products of an acid reacting with a base?
Salt and Water
10. Predict the products for the following reactions and balance each equation.
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl → 2H2O +CaCl2
H3PO4 +3 NaOH →3H2O+ Na3PO4
11. How is acid rain formed?
By Burning fossil fuels sulfuric and nitric acid are formed resulting to acid rain
12. Why are some lakes unaffected by acid rain, while others are affected by it?
Lakes with Limestone and calcium carbonates experience less effects form acid rain because
they neutralize the acid.
13. What is temperature?
Temperature is a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the particles in a substance.
Final Review Practice
14. From each of the graphs below about gases, indicate the relationship between the
variables and which variable is being held constant?
Temperature is constant
Volume is constant
Pressureis constant
As the volume increases the Pressure decreases.
As the Temperature increases the Pressure increases.
As the volume increases the Temperature decreases.
15. What are all organic molecules composed of? How many bonds can it form?
Carbon-4 bonds
16. Name each of the structures below.
Methane
Hexane
Butane
Propane
Pentane
Ethane
Final Review Practice
17. The green color of leaves is due to the presence of chlorophyll, C55H72O5N4Mg. A
fresh leaf was found to have 21.6 X10‐12 mol of chlorophyll per cm2. How many
chlorophyll molecules are in 1cm2?
21.6X10-12mole of chlorophyll
6.02X1023molecules of chlorophyll
1 mole of chlorophyll
13
1.3X10 molecules of chlorophyll
18. The recommended daily allowance of selenium for an infant is 27.3 X 10‐9 mol. How many
atoms of
Selenium is this?
27.3 X 10‐9 mol of selenium 6.02X1023Atom
1 mol of selenium
1.64X1016 atoms of selenium
19. A snowflake contains 10.8 X 1013 molecules of water. How many grams of water does it
contain?
10.8 X1013 molecules of H2O 1 mole
18 grams of H2O
6.02X1023molecules 1 mole
3.23X10-9 grams
20. Ethanol (C2H5OH), a domestically produced fuel source, is often blended with gasoline. A
sample of
Ethanol has a mass of 49.3 g. How many molecules does the sample contain?
49.3 grams
1 mole
6.02X1023molecules
46 Grams
1 mole
6.45X1023 molecules
21. The exothermic reaction between liquid hydrazine (N2H4) and liquid hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) is used in rocket fuel. The products of this reaction are nitrogen and water. How many
grams of nitrogen are released when136 grams of hydrazine are used up?
136 grams of N2H2 1 mole of N2H2
1 mole of N2
28 Grams of N2
30 grams of N2H2 1 mole N2H2
1 mole of N2
119 grams of N2
22. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate.
‐If 18.80 g of hydrochloric acid are reacted, how many grams of silver chloride are formed?
HCl +AgNO3  AgCl +HNO3
Final Review Practice
23. How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced when 12.00 grams of propane (C3H+) are
burned?
18.80 g of HCl 1 mole of HCL
1mole of AgCl
143.32 g of AgCl
36.46 g of HCl
1 mole of HCl
1 mole of AgCl
73.9 grams of AgCl