Name ___________________________ Period _____________________ Date_____________________
Cell Structure Study Guide
1. Bacterial fimbriae present on the outer cell surface are used for
Sticking to other surfaces and during conjugation
2. The association of endotoxin in Gram-negative bacteria is a result of the presence of:
Lipopolysaccharide
3. The reason that bacterial cells are more resistant to osmotic shock than are eukaryotic cells is
that they: they have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan
4. Which of the following is likely to contain structures composed of N-acetylmuramic acid and Nacetylglucosamine:
Bacterial cell
5. Usually, bacteria form more endospores in response to: harsh environment
6. The use of antibiotics that inhibit or inactivate cellular ribosomes will result directly in the loss of
which of the following functions: protein synthesis
7. Endotoxin is associated with
Gram Negative Bacteria
8. Eliminating which structure is always deadly to bacterial cells? Cell wall
9. If you interfered with the ability of a Bacillus species to form endospores, what would be the
result? The bacterium would no longer be exposed to high heat or extreme dry conditions
Matching: (NB page L55 the graphic organizer on structure and function)
Label
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
____cell wall__________________________
_capsule_____________________________
Cell membrane_______________________
_DNA_____________________________
__Ribosomes____________________________
_Pilus_____________________________
__Flagellum____________________________
Fill –in
A. Slime layer (Notes)
A. Gram- positive
E. lipopolysaccharides
B. Capsule (notes)
C. Glycocalyx (notes)
B. Gram-negative
C. endotoxin
F. Crystal Violet –Iodine Complex
D. periplasm
(Reading in the back of the study guide)
Open Ended (HW questions #15-16 on page L51 in the Notebook
1. Explain how the cell wall affects susceptibility to penicillin and lysozyme. (Make sure to include
the action of penicillin and lysozyme .)
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2. Explain how the cell wall affects Gram staining characteristics.
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Place the process of sporulation in order from 1- 5 and give brief description:
L55)
(in your notebook on
In bacterial cells, ribosomes are packed into the cytoplasmic matrix and also loosely
attached to the plasma membrane. What is the function of ribosomes?
A)
Site of energy production
B)
Site of protein synthesis
C)
Site of genetic reproduction
6
Plasmids are important
A)
B)
advantage.
C)
D)
to the genetics of many bacteria. This is because
they are inherited from one generation to the next.
they may carry genes that give their host a selective
they can render bacteria drug-resistant.
All of the above.
7 Bacteria do not always swim aimlessly but are attracted by such nutrients such as
sugar and amino acids, and are repelled by harmful substances and bacterial waste
products. Movement toward chemical attractants and away from repellents is called
A)
gliding motility.
B)
tumbling.
C)
chemotaxis.
8 Gram positive cells
A)
violet stain.
B)
crystal violet stain.
C)
D)
9 Gram positive cells
A)
B)
C)
D)
12 Which of the following
A)
bacterial cell wall.
B)
C)
D)
have a second, outer membrane that helps retain the crystal
have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the
have a thick capsule that traps the crystal violet stain.
have a periplasmic space that traps the crystal violet.
have thick, homogeneous cell walls.
have large amounts of teichoic acids.
do not have an outer membrane.
all of the above are true.
is not true about capsules and slime layers?
They consist of secreted material lying outside of the
They can prevent desiccation of bacteria cells.
They are required for bacteria to grow normally in culture.
They help bacteria resist phagocytosis by macrophages.
16 What is the purpose of bacterial endospores?
A)
Allow the bacterium to make hundreds of "seeds" to spread on
the wind.
B)
Help the bacterium to differentiate into faster growing
stages of bacteria.
C)
Allow the bacterium to survive the absence of oxygen.
D)
Allow the bacterium to survive extended periods of heat or
dryness.