Created by Nic Weatherly
So you’re about to start
working with some of the
most precious children
you’ll ever come into
contact with…..
Click here to
advance to the
NEXT slide!!
….and you have a
tremendous opportunity to
use behavior analysis to
improve a young person’s
life…..
….with discrete trial
procedures being the tool
for this gratifying
success…..
….so let’s learn how to
properly administer
discrete trials and really
make a difference!!
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Reinforcer:
Any stimulus, event, or condition whose
presentation immediately follows a
response and increases the frequency of
that response.
The Building Blocks
Note: All non-verbal
behavior is controlled
by direct-acting
consequences.
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Direct-acting Consequence:
Any outcome that follows a response by
60-seconds or less.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Remember!! Most of
the children you’re
going to be working
with at Croyden are
non-verbal, hence
only controlled by
direct-acting
consequences!
Direct-acting Consequence:
Any outcome that follows a response by
60-seconds or less.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Remember!! Most of
the children you’re
going to be working
with at Croyden are
non-verbal, hence
are not controlled
by indirect-acting
consequences!
Indirect-acting Consequence:
Any outcome that follows a response by
more than 60-seconds.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Stimulus
Stimulus:
Something that can or may cause a
response.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Stimulus
Prompt:
A supplemental stimulus that raises the
probability of a correct response.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Discriminative Stimulus (SD):
A stimulus in the presence of which a
particular response will be reinforced or
punished.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Reinforcement:
The immediate, response-contingent
presentation of a reinforcer resulting in
an increased frequency of that response.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Hierarchy of Prompts:
The correction procedure delivered within
3 seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes an
incorrect response.
The Building Blocks
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
-wait 3 seconds for child to perform
the task independently
….if the child doesn’t respond
correctly within 3 seconds, then go
on to the next prompt.
The Building Blocks
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to
faucet handle)
-wait 3 seconds for child to perform
the task independently
….if the child doesn’t respond
correctly then go on to the next
prompt.
The Building Blocks
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to
faucet handle)
Partial Physical Prompt (e.g.
nudge child’s wrist)
-wait 3 seconds for child to perform
the task independently
….if the child doesn’t respond
correctly then go on to the next
prompt.
The Building Blocks
The Hierarchy
of Prompts
consists of:
Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”)
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to
faucet handle)
Partial Physical Prompt (e.g. nudge
child’s wrist)
Full Physical Prompt (i.e. guide
child to respond)
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Note: You DO
NOT provide
reinforcement
for a corrected
response!!
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Discrete Trial:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD),
the response, and the outcome of that
response.
The Building Blocks
Behavior
Analysis
Discrete
Trial
Reinforcement
Reinforcer
Hierarchy
of
Prompts
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD)
Direct-acting
Consequence
Indirect-acting
Consequence
Prompt
Stimulus
Behavior Analysis:
The study of the operation of the
principles of behavior with both human
beings and other animals.
Activity #1
Given a definition or a
related question, select
the term that best
matches
the given definition or
question.
Please mark your answers
on the scantron provided.
A supplemental stimulus
that raises the probability
of a correct response.
A. Reinforcer
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Prompt
D. Discrete trial
Sorry….
Remember a Reinforcer
is any stimulus,
event, or
A supplemental
stimulus
condition whose
that raises the probability
presentation
of a correctimmediately
response.follows a
response and increases
the frequency of that
response.
A. Reinforcer
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Prompt
D. Discrete trial
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
A supplementalDiscriminative
stimulus
Stimulus (SD) is a
that raises the probability
stimulus in the
of a correctpresence
response.
of which a
particular response
will be reinforced or
punished.
A. Reinforcer
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Prompt
D. Discrete trial
Back to
the
question!
Sorry….
Remember a
A supplemental
stimulus
Discrete
Trial is the
occasion for a
that raises the probability
D),
response
(i.e.
the
S
of a correct response.
the response, and the
outcome of that
response.
A. Reinforcer
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Prompt
D. Discrete trial
Back to
the
question!
Right On!!!
A supplemental stimulus
that raises the probability
of a correct response.
A. Reinforcer
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Prompt
D. Discrete trial
Click here for
the next
question
Any outcome that follows a response
by more than 60-seconds.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD) C. Indirect-acting consequence
B. Stimulus
D. Direct-acting consequence
Sorry….
Remember a
Any outcome that
follows a response
Discriminative
Stimulus
D) is a stimulus in the
by more than(S60-seconds.
presence of which a
particular response will
be reinforced or
punished.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD) C. Indirect-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
B. Stimulus
D. Direct-acting consequence
Sorry…
Remember a
Any outcome that follows
a response
Stimulus
is
something that can
by more than 60-seconds.
or may cause a
response.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD) C. Indirect-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
B. Stimulus
D. Direct-acting consequence
Sorry…
Remember a DirectAny outcome thatacting
follows
a response
Consequence
is
any outcome that
by more than 60-seconds.
follows a response by
60-seconds or less.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD) C. Indirect-acting consequence
Back to
the
question!
B. Stimulus
D. Direct-acting consequence
Right On!!!
Any outcome that follows a response
by more than 60-seconds.
A. Discriminative stimulus (SD) C. Indirect-acting consequence
B. Stimulus
Click here for
the next
question
D. Direct-acting consequence
The correction procedure delivered within 3
seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes
an incorrect response.
A. Reinforcement
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
B. Discrete-Trial
D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Sorry…
Remember that
The correction procedure
delivered within 3
Reinforcement
seconds of theis child
failing responseto respond
the immediate,
contingent
presentation
of a
or immediately
after the
child makes
reinforcer resulting in an
an incorrect
response.
increased
frequency of that
response.
A. Reinforcement
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
Back to
the
question!
B. Discrete-Trial
D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Sorry….
Remember
a within 3
The correction procedure
delivered
Discrete
Trial
the
seconds of the child
failing
to is
respond
occasion for a response
or immediately after(i.e.
thethe
child
makes
SD), the
response, and the
an incorrect response.
outcome of that
response.
A. Reinforcement
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
Back to
the
question!
B. Discrete-Trial
D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Sorry….
Remember a
The correction procedure
delivered
within 3
Discriminative
Stimulus
seconds of the child
to respond
(SD)failing
is a stimulus
in the
presence
of which
a
or immediately after
the child
makes
particular response will
an incorrect response.
be reinforced or
punished.
A. Reinforcement
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
Back to
the
question!
B. Discrete-Trial
D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Right On!!!
The correction procedure delivered within 3
seconds of the child failing to respond
or immediately after the child makes
an incorrect response.
A. Reinforcement
B. Discrete-Trial
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
D. Hierarchy of Prompts
Click here for
the next
question
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
A. Discrete trial
C. Prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus
D. Indirect-acting consequence
Sorry….
Remember a
D),
The occasion for a response
(i.e.
the
S
Discriminative
Stimulus (SD) is a
the response,
stimulus in the
and the outcome ofpresence
that response.
of which a
particular response
will be reinforced or
punished.
A. Discrete trial
C. Prompt
Back to
the
question!
B. Discriminative stimulus
D. Indirect-acting consequence
Sorry…
Remember
D),
The occasion for a response
(i.e.
the
S
a Prompt
is a supplemental
the response,
stimulus that raises the
and the outcome probability
of that response.
of a correct
response.
A. Discrete trial
C. Prompt
Back to
the
question!
B. Discriminative stimulus
D. Indirect-acting consequence
Sorry…
Remember an
D),
The occasion for a response
(i.e.
the
S
Indirect-acting
Consequence is any
the response,
outcome that follows
and the outcome of that
response.
a response by 60seconds or less.
A. Discrete trial
C. Prompt
Back to
the
question!
B. Discriminative stimulus
D. Indirect-acting consequence
Right On!!!
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
A. Discrete trial
C. Prompt
Click here for
the next
question
B. Discriminative stimulus
D. Indirect-acting consequence
Which of the following is NOT one of the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
A. Gestural prompt
C. Verbal prompt
B. Motivational prompt
D. Partial physical prompt
Sorry…
that’s #2 on
Which of the following is NOT one
of the prompts
the Hierarchy
in the hierarchy of prompts?
of Prompts
A. Gestural prompt
C. Verbal prompt
Back to
the
question!
B. Motivational prompt
D. Partial physical prompt
Sorry… that’s
the first prompt
Which of the following is NOT oneon
ofthe
the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
Hierarchy of
Prompts
A. Gestural prompt
C. Verbal prompt
Back to
the
question!
B. Motivational prompt
D. Partial physical prompt
Sorry…
that’s #3 on the
Which of the following is NOT one
of theofprompts
Hierarchy
in the hierarchy of prompts?
Prompts
A. Gestural prompt
C. Verbal prompt
Back to
the
question!
B. Motivational prompt
D. Partial physical prompt
Right On!!!
Which of the following is NOT one of the prompts
in the hierarchy of prompts?
A. Gestural prompt
C. Verbal prompt
Click here for
the next
question
B. Motivational prompt
D. Partial physical prompt
Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states the instructions
to the child as they are written
in the child’s procedures.
These instructions
signal that the child’s response will now be reinforced
or corrected. The statement being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer
C. Gestural prompt
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
D. Discrete trial
Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states
the instructions
Sorry….
Reinforcer
to the child asRemember
they are awritten
is any stimulus, event, or
in the child’s procedures.
condition whose
These instructions
presentation
immediately
follows
signal that the child’s response
will now
beareinforced
responsebeing
and increases
or corrected. The statement
made is a(n)
the frequency of that
__________.
response.
A. Reinforcer
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Gestural prompt
Back to
the
question!
D. Discrete trial
Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states
the instructions
Sorry…
on the
to the child as theythat’s
are #2
written
Hierarchy of Prompts.
in the child’s procedures.
This consists of
These instructions
motioning or gesturing
to thewill
correct
response
signal that the child’s response
now
be reinforced
or corrected. The statement being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Gestural prompt
Back to
the
question!
D. Discrete trial
Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, states the instructions
Sorry….
to the child as theyRemember
are written
a
Trial is the
in the child’s Discrete
procedures.
occasion for a response,
These instructions
the response,
signal that the child’s response
nowofbe
reinforced
and thewill
outcome
that
or corrected. The statementresponse.
being made is a(n)
__________.
A. Reinforcer
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Gestural prompt
Back to
the
question!
D. Discrete trial
Susie, a practicum student
at Croyden Avenue School, Right
states
the instructions
On!!!
A Discriminative
Stimulus
to the child as
they
are
written
(SD) is a stimulus
in the child’s
procedures.
in the presence of which
These instructions
a particular response will
be reinforced
punished.
signal that the child’s response
willornow
be reinforced
(e.g. the instructions
in the is a(n)
or corrected. The statement
being made
procedures book)
__________.
A. Reinforcer
B. Discriminative stimulus
C. Gestural prompt
(SD)
D. Discrete trial
Back to the
previous
question!
On to the next
section!
NICE JOB!!! Now let’s
learn more about discrete
trials….
Discrete Trial
Review definition:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
Discrete Trial
Now
that we’ve got the
Review
definition:
definition down, let’s look
at each of the 3 parts that
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD),
make up a discrete trial….
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
Discrete Trial
The SD: The occasion for a response
These are the instructions
given by the practicum student
to the child
Example!!
Discrete Trial
The SD: The occasion for a response
“Johnny, play with the
car.”
Discrete Trial
The response
This is the behavior that occurs after the
SD (the instruction) is delivered
Example!!
Discrete Trial
The response
Johnny plays with the car.
Discrete Trial
The outcome of that response
This is the result (e.g. reinforcement,
correction) that follows the response
Example!!
Discrete Trial
The outcome of that response
“Nice job playing with
the car, Johnny!!”
Discrete Trial
Now let’s put all 3 parts
together!
Example!!
Discrete Trial
The consequence:
S D:
response:
Johnny
plays
the
car.
“Nice
“Johnny,
jobwith
play
playing
withwith
the
the car,car.”
Johnny!!”
Activity #2
Given a description of a
discrete trial, select the
correct name of the
highlighted part of the
trial being described.
Please mark your answers
on the scantron provided.
After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
he
Sorry…
The
consequence is
After Johnny is given the instructions
the outcome of
“Johnny, use the phone”,
the response
“grabbing the
grabs the phone and puts it up phone”
to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
Back to
the
question!
Sorry…
The SD consists of
the instructions
After Johnny is given the instructions
given “Johnny, use
“Johnny, use the phone”,
the phone”
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
Back to
the
question!
Right On!!!
After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
Back to the
previous
question!
A. Response
B. Consequence
C. Discriminative stimulus
(SD)
On to the next
question!
After Johnny is given the instructions
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
The practicum student immediately gives
Johnny a piece of candy.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
After Johnny is given the instructions
Sorry…
The response
“Johnny, use the phone”,
child
he grabs the phone and puts itwhat
up the
to his
head.
does after given
The practicum student immediately
the instructionsgives
(SDcandy.
) “Johnny, use
Johnny a piece of
the phone”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
Back to
the
question!
After Johnny is given the instructions
Sorry…
The SD consists
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up of
tothe
his head.
instructions
The practicum student immediately
given “Johnny,gives
the phone”
Johnny a piece of use
candy.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
Back to
the
question!
After Johnny is given the instructions
Right On!!!
“Johnny, use the phone”,
he grabs the phone and puts it up to his head.
The practicum student immediately gives
Johnny a piece of candy.
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
Back to the
previous
question!
A. Consequence
B. Response
C. Discriminative stimulus
(SD)
On to the next
question!
The practicum student goes over the instructions
for the discrete trial procedure she is about to
administer. She then gives Johnny the instructions
as read in the procedure:
“Johnny, where’s your shirt?”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Consequence
The practicum student goes overSorry…
the instructions
for the discrete trial procedure
is about to
Theshe
response
administer. She then gives Johnny
thechild
instructions
what the
does after given
as read in the procedure:
the instructions
“Johnny, where’s your
shirt?”
(SD) “Johnny,
where’s your
shirt”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted
above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Consequence
Back to
the
question!
The practicum student goes overSorry…
the instructions
for the discrete trial procedure
she is about to
The consequence
administer. She then gives Johnny
the instructions
is the outcome
of
the response
as read in the procedure:
“grabbing his
“Johnny, where’s your shirt?”
shirt”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Consequence
Back to
the
question!
The practicum student goes over the instructions
Right
for the discrete trial procedure she
is On!!!
about to
administer. She then gives Johnny the instructions
as read in the procedure:
“Johnny, where’s your shirt?”
Which part of the discrete trial is highlighted above?
A. Response
B. Discriminative stimulus (SD)
C. Consequence
Back to the
previous
question!
On to the next
section!
Activity #3
Given a description of a
series of events, select
whether those events
constitute a discrete
trial.
Please mark your answers
on the scantron provided.
Joe, a practicum student, sees his assigned child
point to a dog and say “dog”.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
Joe, a practicum student, sees
his assigned child
Sorry…
point to a dog and
say “dog”.
Remember
that
discrete
must
Joe immediately givesahis
childtrial
a reinforcer.
have an SD
(an occasion for a
response to
occur; i.e.
Is this a discrete
trial?
instructions).
(i.e. does it have an SD, a response,
and an outcome
An example of this would
contingent on
the response)
be “Johnny,
point to the
dog.”
A. Yes
B. No
Back to
the
question!
Joe, a practicum student, sees his assigned child
Right
point to a dog and
say On!!!
“dog”.
A discrete trial must
Joe immediately gives his child
a reinforcer.
have an SD
(an occasion for a response
to occur; i.e.
instructions).
Is this a discrete
trial?
An example of this would
D
(i.e. does it have an S , a be
response,
andtoantheoutcome
“Johnny, point
contingent on the response)
dog.”
A. Yes
B. No
Back to the
previous
question!
On to the next
question!
Joe, a practicum student, gives his assigned child
the instructions “use the phone.”
The child then picks up the phone
and puts it to her ear.
Joe immediately gives his child a reinforcer.
Is this a discrete trial?
(i.e. does it have an SD, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
Joe, a practicum student, gives his assigned child
the instructions “use the
phone.”
Sorry…
The child then picksRemember
up the phone
a correct
trial contains
and puts it todiscrete
her ear.
an SD
Joe immediately gives his
child a reinforcer.
(the instructions “use
the phone”),
the response,
Is this a discrete
trial?and the
immediateand
outcome.
(i.e. does it have an SD, a response,
an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
Back to
the
question!
Joe, a practicum student, gives his assigned child
the instructions “use the phone.”
Right On!!!
The child thenThis
picks
up the
phone
example
DOES
contain
SD
and puts it to heranear.
(thehis
instructions
the
Joe immediately gives
child a “use
reinforcer.
phone”),
the response,
Is this a discrete
trial?
and an immediate
outcome.
(i.e. does it have an SD, a response, and an outcome
contingent on the response)
A. Yes
B. No
Back to the
previous
question!
On to the next
section!
NICE JOB!!! Now let’s
learn how to discriminate a
correct discrete trial from
an incorrect discrete trial…
Discrete Trial
Review definition:
The occasion for a response (i.e. the SD),
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
Discrete Trial
ReviewSo
definition:
what makes
a
discrete trial correct
D),
The occasion
for
a
response
(i.e.
the
S
or incorrect??
the response,
and the outcome of that response.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#1:
Check the presumed
reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#1:
Check the presumed
reinforcer first.
(i.e. Make sure your child
actually likes the reinforcer
you’re using, BEFORE you start
the procedure)
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#1:
HINT!!
Check the presumed
You can do this
reinforcer first.
by placing 2 or 3
of the child’s reinforcers
(toys/edibles)
(i.e. Make
sure
your
on the
table
andchild
seeing
which
grabs
actually
likesone
thehe/she
reinforcer
first you start
you’re using, BEFORE
the procedure)
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Complete the next
two steps PRIOR to
delivering the
instructions (SD) to
the child…
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#2:
Make sure the child
has stopped manipulating
their preferred reinforcer
and/or the objects used
in the procedure.
PRIOR
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD)…
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#2:HINT!!
You can
most of the
Make
sure get
the child
has stopped manipulating
children
their preferred
reinforcer
to do this
by saying
and/or the
objects
used
“Quiet
Hands”.
in the procedure.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial PRIOR
#3:
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD)…
Make sure the child
is looking at you
or the appropriate stimulus
used in the procedure
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
So now that you have
a TRUE reinforcer
and the child’s FULL
attention...
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
….let’s learn the
steps to correctly
deliver the
instructions (SD)!!
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#4:
Deliver the instructions (the SD)
exactly as it is instructed
in the child’s procedures,
with no additional prompts.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
In other words:
without smiling,
laughing, or#5:
anything
elsethe
that
may be (the SD)
Deliver
instructions
with a neutral
tone
of voice.
reinforcing
to the
child.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
…smiling, laughing,
“excited” tones, etc.
should be used
#5:
as reinforcing
Deliver the instructions (the SD)
consequences and paired
with a neutral tone of voice.
with praise.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
So, let’s see an SD
delivered
INCORRECTLY
(i.e.
#5:
withoutthea instructions
neutral tone(the SD)
Deliver
with a of
neutral
voice)tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#5:
Deliver the instructions
(the SD)
with a neutral tone
of voice.
“Susie, touch your
nose!!!”
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Notice how the
instructions were
given with an excited
“Susie, touch your
tone while smiling…
#5:
Deliver the instructions
(the SD)
with a neutral tone
of voice.
nose!!!”
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Now let’s see
an SD delivered
CORRECTLY
“Susie, touch your
(i.e. with a neutral
nose.”
tone of voice)…
#5:
Deliver the instructions
(the SD)
with a neutral tone
of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD)
with a neutral tone of voice.
“Susie, touch your
nose.”
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
D
Notice
how
the
S
#5:
Deliver the instructions
is delivered with
(the S )
with a neutral
tone
a
neutral
tone
with
of voice.
no reinforcing facial
“Susie, touch your
expressions
nose!!!”
(e.g. smiling, laughing)
D
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
So now what do you
do once the child
makes a response
to your instructions
(SD)??
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#6:
Reinforce only the correct
behavior of the child
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Remember!!
#6: of
Use the Hierarchy
Reinforce
onlyall
the correct
Prompts for
behavior
of
the
child
incorrect behaviors…
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
…and
#6:
DO NOT provide
Reinforce onlyfor
theacorrect
reinforcement
behavior
of
the
child
corrected response!!
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#7:
Deliver the outcome
(either a reinforcer or the proper
correction procedure)
within 1 second
of the child’s response.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
Let’s review all of
the steps once
again…
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#1:
Check the presumed
reinforcer first.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#2:
Make sure the child
has stopped manipulating
their preferred reinforcer
and/or the objects used
in the procedure.
PRIOR
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD)…
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial PRIOR
#3:
to
delivering
the
instructions
(SD)…
Make sure the child
is looking at you
or the appropriate stimulus
used in the procedure
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#4:
Deliver the instructions (the SD)
exactly as it is instructed
in the child’s procedures,
with no additional prompts.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#5:
Deliver the instructions (the SD)
with a neutral tone of voice.
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#6:
Reinforce only the correct
behavior of the child
(as listed in the procedures).
How to Correctly Administer a
Discrete Trial
#7:
Deliver the outcome
(either a reinforcer or the proper
correction procedure)
within 1 second
of the child’s response.
Activity #4
Given a description of
TWO discrete trials,
select which trial was
administered correctly
Please mark your answers
on the scantron provided.
#1:
Chris states the SD to little Audrey.
Audrey turns away from the wall and makes a correct response.
Chris immediately gives Audrey her favorite toy.
#2:
Chris states the SD to little Audrey.
Audrey stops looking at Chris and makes an incorrect response.
Chris begins the hierarchy of prompts.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
#1:
Chris states the SD to little Audrey.
Audrey turns away from the wall and makes a correct response.
Chris immediately gives Audrey
her favorite toy.
Sorry…
remember the rules
#2:
about WHEN to
D to little Audrey.
Chris states the Sdeliver
the SD.
Audrey stops looking at Chris and makes an incorrect response.
Chris begins the hierarchy of prompts.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
Back to
the
question!
#1:
Chris states the SD to little Audrey.
Audrey turns away from the wall and makes a correct response.
Chris immediately gives That’s
Audreyright!!!
her favorite toy.
The child is looking
at#2:
the technician prior
Chris states the
SD to
little Audrey.
to the
delivery
of the
Audrey stops looking at Chris and makes
SD.an incorrect response.
Chris begins the hierarchy of prompts.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
Click here for
the next
question
#1:
Little Billy is walking to the playroom. Billy looks at another
practicum student and the student asks “What do you see?”
while pointing to a book on the desk. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
#2:
Little Billy is sitting in his booth with his practicum student.
The practicum student asks Billy “What do you see?” while
pointing to a book Billy’s playing with. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
the practicum student.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
#1:
Little Billy is walking to the playroom. Billy looks at another
practicum student and the student asks “What do you see?”
while pointing to a book on the desk. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
Sorry…
the practicum
#2: student.
let’s review.
Make sure
the child
#2:
Little Billy has
is sitting
in his booth
with his practicum student.
stopped
manipulating
The practicum student asks Billy “What do you see?” while
pointing to atheir
book preferred
Billy’s playingreinforcer
with. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
and/or
objects
used
thethe
practicum
student.
in the procedure.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
Back to
the
question!
#1:
Little Billy is walking to the playroom. Billy looks at another
practicum student and the student asks “What do you see?”
while pointing to a book on the desk. Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives a piece of candy as reinforcement from
That’s right!!
the practicum
student.
The technician should
#2: the SD while
NOT deliver
Little Billy is sittingthe
in his
booth
with his practicum student.
child
is manipulating
The practicum student asks Billy “What do you see?” while
the object
used
pointing to a book Billy’s playing
with.
Billy says “I see book”.
Immediately he receives ain
piece
of candy as reinforcement from
the procedure.
the practicum student.
Which discrete trial was administered correctly?
A. #1
B. #2
Back to the
previous
question!
On to the next
section!
Activity #5
Given a description of a
discrete trial, select the
whether the trial was
administered correctly
or incorrectly
Please mark your answers
on the scantron provided.
Susie gives her assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, to her delight,
her child makes the correct response.
She then grabs her book, borrows a pencil from the TA
that is observing, marks the response as correct,
breaks off a piece of a pretzel from the reinforcer bin,
and gives it to her child as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
Susie gives her assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, to her delight,
Sorry…
her child makes the correct response.
She then grabs her book, borrows a Remember
pencil from the TA
Step #7…
#7:
that is observing, marks the response as correct,
Deliver
the outcome
breaks off a piece
of a pretzel
from the reinforcer bin,
(either
a
reinforcer
or
the
proper
and gives it to her child as reinforcement
correction
procedure)
for the correct response.
within 1 second
of the child’s response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
Back to
the
question!
Susie gives her assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, to her delight,
her child makes the correct
response.
Right On!!!
She then grabs her book, borrows
a pencil
from the TA
The reinforcer
must
delivered
within
1
that is observing, marksbethe
response
as correct,
second
of the
the correct
breaks off a piece of a pretzel
from
reinforcer bin,
response
and gives it to her child as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
Back to the
previous
question!
On to the next
section!
Activity #6
Given a description of a
discrete trial, select
whether the trial was
administered correctly
or incorrectly…
Please mark your answers
on the scantron provided.
Activity #6 cont.
…THEN select, from
the options given, WHY
the trial was correct or
incorrect.
Please mark your answers
on the scantron provided.
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite toy
as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Sorry…
D
Jerry repeats the S and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite toy
as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
Back to
the
question!
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrectRight
response.
On!!!
Jerry repeats the SD and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite toy
as reinforcement
for the correct response.
Was this a correct discrete trial?
A. Yes
B. No
Click here for
the next
question
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Jerry repeats the SD and, to his delight, the child
makes the correct response.
Jerry immediately gives the child his favorite
toy as reinforcement for the correct response.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Sorry…
D
Jerry repeats the S and, to his delight, the child
the Hierarchy of Prompts
makes thestates
correct
thatresponse.
you use
Jerry immediately
gives the
childfirst,
his favorite
a verbal
prompt
toy as reinforcement
the correct
response.
then afor
gestural
prompt,
followed by a partial physical
and finally a full physical
prompt.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Back to
the
question!
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Sorry…that’s not it.
D
Jerry repeats the S and, to his delight, the child
The outcome was
makes the correct
response.
delivered
immediately
Jerry immediately gives
thethe
child
his favorite
after
corrected
toy as reinforcement for theresponse.
correct response.
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Back to
the
question!
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
Sorry…
D
Jerry repeats the S and, to his delight, the child
It’s perfectly fine
makes
the toys
correct
response.
to use
as reinforcers
Jerry immediately
the child
his favorite
(as longgives
as you’ve
checked
toy as reinforcement
forthe
thechild
correct
response.
to make sure
enjoys
the toy)
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Back to
the
question!
Jerry gives his assigned child the SD exactly
as described in the procedure and, unfortunately,
his child makes an incorrect response.
On!!!the child
Jerry repeats the SD and, to Right
his delight,
You
DO NOT
makes the correct
response.
Jerry immediately gives the provide
child his favorite
toy as reinforcement for
the correct response.
reinforcement
for a
corrected response!!
Why was this an incorrect
discrete trial?
A. Jerry should have used a gestural and not a verbal prompt.
B. You’re not supposed to reinforce corrected responses.
C. The outcome was too delayed.
D. You’re not supposed to use toys as a reinforcer.
Back to
the
previous
question!
On to the
next
section!
NICE JOB!!!
You are….
ALL DONE!!!