We Can Create Energy. ­­By Rashidul Bari Introduction: Energy is the ability to do work. And work is energy transferred by force. The Law of Conservation of Energy tells us that Energy can neither be created or be destroyed, but can only transfer from one form (Potential Energy) to another (Kinetic Energy). However, we completely disagree with this so called (null) hypothesis that Energy is conserved. In fact, we strongly believe that we can create energy. We will disprove the null hypothesis (that Energy is Conserved) by accepting our claim that we can create energy. Hypothesis: Energy is Conserved Our Claim: We can create energy We will prove our claim by proving following equation: Kinetic Energy > Potential Energy (Bottom). We will complete this investigation in five steps: (1) Algebraic Derivation of work­energy theorem;(2) Simulated Roller Coaster; (3) Paper Roller Coaster; (4) Mathematical Regor and (5) Conclusion. Algebraic Derivation of the Work­Energy Theorem: Now we will investigate the claim that we can create energy by combining work and energy using math and physics. Work is ability to transfer energy from one place to the other and energy is the ability to do work. These two concepts are like both side of the same coin. This makes sense as both have the same units (joule), and the application of a force over a distance can be seen as the use of energy to produce work. Newton’s Second Law Equation of Work F ​
= ma W = fd Kinematics equation V 2f = V 2i + 2ad Derivation of work­energy theorem V 2f = V 2i + 2ad V 2f − V 2i
2d
a ​
= W = ​
F​
d W = m ​
a ​
d V 2f − V 2i
W = m 2d ​
d V 2 − V 2
W = m f 2 i (​
d ​
and d canceled) W = 2 1 m ( V 2f ­ V 2i ) (Distribute 2 1 m on both side) W = 2 1 m V 2f ­ 2 1 m V 2i We will use the above equation to prove our claim that T E Bottom > T E Top Simulated Roller Coaster: We have decided to conduct our experiment using a simulation because our hope was that a simulation would give us a more accurate picture of the phenomenon because it would have less measurement errors. As the image of the simulation above shows ­­ we have created a simple Roller Coaster. There are two positions in our Roller Coaster: Position # 1 (top) and Position # 2 (bottom). Our goal was to demonstrate that Total Energy (TE) on the bottom is more than TE on the top: T E Bottom > T E Top KE Bottom > P E Top If we can prove the above equations true, then we can accept our claim (We can create energy) and reject the null hypothesis (Energy is conserved). Let’s do the math by using the collected data from our simulated roller coaster: Data from the Simulated Roller Coaster Mass = 100 kg G = 10 ms2 h = 20 meter Claim: KE Bottom > P E Top Position # 1 (Top) Position # 1 (Bottom) P ETop = mgh P ETop = (100) X (10) X (20) P ETop = 20,000 j Step # 1: KEBottom = MGH KEBottom = 12 m v2 (We have to find V) Step # 2 V = √ (2) X (PE)
m
V = √ (2) X (20,000)
100
V = √ 400 V = 20 m/s Step # 3: KEBottom = 12 m v2 KEBottom = 0.5 X 100 X 202 KEBottom = 20,000 j KE Bottom = P E Top Unfortunately, the math does not support our claim that KE Bottom > P E Top . In fact, the math supports the Null Hypothesis that Energy is conserved. However, we will further our investigation by constructing a paper Roller Coaster. Paper Roller Coaster: We have worked as a group to make a paper roller coaster. We have spent over 2 weeks building a strong roller coaster which has following: Our coaster is built on a base which is made of Foam. The base was 1 meter long and .10 meter wide. We have chosen these dimensions to make construction easier and to ensure that we don't bite off more than we can handle. Our Roller coaster met the following conditions: (1) It worked without helping the marble along and by starting the marble from rest. (2) It has 2 loops (3) It has 1 funnel and 1 tunnel (4) Sturdy construction We have collected the data once we have constructed our Roller Coaster. All the data is tabulated in the box below: Trial Time Distance (from one end to the other end) Mass Height (from ground) 1 .233 seconds 1 meter 1 kg 1 meter 2 .234 seconds 1 meter 1 kg 1 meter 3 .232 seconds 1 meter 1 kg 1 meter Average time .235 second We have used the above data to perform the math analysis, which is tabulated in the box below: Position # 1 (Top) Position # 1 (Bottom) Mass = 1 kg G = 10 m/s^2 H = 1 meter d= 1 meter P ETop = mgh P ETop = (1) X (10) X (1) P ETop = 10 j Step # 1: KEBottom = P ETop KEBottom = 12 m v2 (We have to find V) Step # 2 Df− Di
V = Tf − Ti
1 meter V = .233 second V = 4.30 m/s Step # 3: KEBottom = 12 m v2 KEBottom = 0.5 X 1 X (4.30)2 KEBottom = 10 j KE Bottom = P E Top Once again, our data failed to support our claim that KE Bottom > P E Top . As a result, we have no option except to accept the null hypothesis: ​
Energy is conserved. Mathematical Rigor: T Etop = T Ebottom (Simulation) T ETop T Ebottom T ETop = P ETop + KETop T ETop = 20,000 j + 0 j T ETop = 20,000 j T Ebottom = P Ebottom + KEbottom T Ebottom = 0 j + 20,000 j T Ebottom = 20,000 j T Etop = T Ebottom (Constructed Paper Roller Coaster) T ETop T Ebottom T ETop = P ETop + KETop T ETop = 10 j + 0 j T ETop = 10 j T Ebottom = P Ebottom + KEbottom T Ebottom = 0 j + 10 j T Ebottom = 10 j Conclusion​
: We are rejecting our claim (We can create energy) because the P E Top = KE Bottom , which means all the potential energy at the top is transferred to kinetic energy. ​
We are accepting ​
Null Hypothesis (Energy is Conserved) because T E Bottom = T E Top.