Learning objectives
You will learn:
a. to assess an unconscious person
b. how to perform CPR on an adult
c. how to perform CPR on a child
d. how to perform CPR on a baby
e. how to treat a big bleed
f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock.
Introduction
The lungs carry oxygen into the blood when you breathe. The heart
pumps the blood to every part of the body. Every part of the body
needs oxygen. Without it, the body dies.
If someone’s breathing
stops….
…or if someone’s heart
stops beating…
…no oxygen gets through.
That person is in big trouble. Could you save them?
a. to assess an unconscious person
Jasmine’s story
“Me and my mates were in the
park when this jogger collapsed.
He was running along one
moment and the next he was
lying on the ground…”
> check for danger
What was the
> try to get a response
right thing to do?
> open the airway
Click here to see.
> check for breathing
a. to assess an unconscious person
Jasmine’s story
“It was a scary situation. But I just
concentrated on doing the right
thing and that kept me calm…”
“It seemed safe enough and I was
with my mates. I tried shaking the
man’s shoulders and spoke to him,
but got no reaction so I knew he was
unconscious, so we shouted for help.
I tilted his head back and lifted his
chin to open the airway so I could
check to see if he was breathing…”
b. how to perform CPR on an adult
If someone is not breathing, you have to act fast! And stay calm…
He’s not breathing!
Stay calm…
Call 999 for an ambulance. Then, it’s time for CPR….
b. how to perform CPR on an adult
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation – CPR for short.
It sounds complicated - but it’s not that tricky.
You press on someone’s chest and breathe into someone’s mouth
to keep them alive.
The chest compressions do the job of the heart – pushing blood
around the body, the breathing gets oxygen into their lungs.
b. how to perform CPR on an adult
CPR – How do I do it?
Call 999 before
you start!
This video clip
shows you more!
30 chest compressions
2 rescue breaths
c. how to perform CPR on a child
If a child is unconscious you have to be more gentle.
Tap shoulders gently to try to get a response.
This video shows you more!
d. how to perform CPR on a baby
If a baby stops breathing, you have
to be a lot more gentle.
This video clip shows you what to do.
e. how to treat a big bleed
If someone is losing a lot of blood, you need to act.
Blood carries oxygen to every body part – without it the body dies.
? litres of blood. If an adult loses more
Adults each have about 6
?? litres, his or her life is in danger.
than 1.5
Children have much less blood, so it’s even more important to
act quickly.
e. how to treat a big bleed
“I dropped a glass and cut my arm
really badly clearing it up. There
was so much blood! It was all over
the kitchen floor. I started to panic,
but my girlfriend was there and she
knew what to do…”
e. how to treat a big bleed
When you can see a lot of blood, you have to act fast…
Click on the button to see what to do.
How do you treat a big bleed?
To answer this question…
> Watch the video clip.
e. how to treat a big bleed
How do you treat a big bleed?
1. Press on the wound
2. Raise the wound above heart level
3. Bandage the wound
4. Call 999 for an ambulance.
e. how to treat a big bleed
Do you know how to treat a deep wound to the arm? Put the pictures
in the right order…
The right order is:
H
D
B
G
E
A
C
F
Click for answers
f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock
If you lose too much blood, you go
into shock. This is not the kind of
shock you get at a sudden surprise.
This is clinical shock, where your
body starts to shut down…
Vital organs like the heart, lungs and
brain cannot get enough oxygen from
the blood that is left. They start to
pack up.
You have to act fast. Left
untreated, shock can kill.
f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock
pale, cold
clammy skin
fast, shallow
breathing
feels like
throwing up
how to spot
shock
thirst
feels weak
and dizzy
blueness
around lips or
ear lobes
restlessness
f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock
Internal bleeding can also lead to shock. Both problems are caused
by a lack of blood flowing to the vital organs. So you deal with both
problems in the same way…
f. how to recognise and treat clinical shock
I’ll keep talking to
her and checking
her breathing until
the ambulance comes.
> Treat any big bleeds.
> Help casualty to lie down.
> Raise casualty’s legs above heart
level, so the blood runs to the vital
organs where it is most needed.
> Loosen casualty’s clothing.
> Call 999 for an ambulance.
> Keep casualty warm – lie them on a
blanket or coat and cover them with
another one.
> Do not let casualty eat, drink or
smoke.
Activity
notes
Plenary
The main points again…
> check for danger
> try to get a response
> open the airway
> check for breathing
> give chest compressions.
Remember it all like this….
Plenary
Big bleed
> Press on the wound.
> Raise it above heart level.
> Bandage the wound.
Shock
> Lie casualty down.
> Raise casualty’s feet above heart level.
> Keep casualty warm.
Call 999 as soon
as you can
Find out more
You’ve now completed this lesson about first aid basics.
Test your knowledge in our interactive quiz or find out more with
one of these activities…
Interactive
quiz
Please note: the
quiz can only be
accessed through
the Life. Live it. first
aid education CD
ROM
Read a CPR
flowchart.
Draw a set
of pictures
for it.
“Lee
stumbled
towards me,
blood trickling
down his
arm…”
Finish the
story.
> Work in threes to act out an emergency situation.
> In your groups of three decide who will be:
– the casualty of an accident who has a deep cut to the left arm.
– the role of first-aider.
– the operator at ambulance control.
> What questions would the operator ask the first-aider?
e.g. “Can you see anything inside the wound?”.
> What advice would the operator give?
e.g. “Press on the wound and raise the arm above heart level.”
> When the wound has been treated, the casualty goes into shock.
> What would the first-aider see and describe? What would the operator
advise them to do?
Back to presentation