Sunlight
Members
이태희, 문수연, 방성덕
최아란, Chadyne, Asmae
Contents
01
Mission 1
02
Mission 2
03
Mission 3
01 About Photovoltaic
1-1. Features of photovoltaic system
 Sunlight -> Energy
 Photovoltaic system composed of solar
cell with a module and the battery and
the electric power conversion system
 P-N junction solar cell
www.knrec.or.kr
1-2. History of photovoltaic cell
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1839
E.Becquerel (France) discover the 광전기력효과(Photovoltaic effect)
1870's,
After H. Hertz research of SE photoelectric effect, PV cell efficiency is 1-2%. Se cell
has been developed and used for the camera's exposure meter
1940's - early 1950's
Capable of producing the ultra-high purity single crystal silicon, Czochralski
process is being developed
1954
Bell Lab developed the PV cell efficiency of 4%.
1958
Satellite using PV cell, Vanguard satellite first developed in the United States, after
this every satellite use PV cell
1970's,
After Oil shock, due to investment of several billion US dollars in research and
development and commercialization of PV cells, commercialization of the PV cell
rapidly developed
Present
PV cell efficiency is over 15%, life is more than 20 years, module prices is about
$ 1 / W, power generation cost $ 0.15~0.25 / kWh
LG made world best efficiency PV cell(NeON2).
The efficiency is 19.5%
1-3. Applications of photovoltaic cell
 1. Photovoltaic house
www.incheonilbo.com
1-3. Applications of photovoltaic cell
 2. Photovoltaic paint
GE코리아
1-3. Applications of photovoltaic cell
 3. Photovoltaic plane
GE코리아
1-3. Applications of photovoltaic cell
 4. Solar panel trash can
GE코리아
1-3. Applications of photovoltaic cell
 5. Photovoltaic stadium
GE코리아
1-4. World policies to increase photovoltaic cell industry
 China : Announced the "notification on the implementation of the
scheme in 2015 PV power construction" for the expansion of PV power
generation market
 USA : That the amount of sunlight has been rapid grow in western
regions which have plentiful amount of sunshine – rather than large-scale
power generation system, small and medium –scale (for household and
commercial) markets are expected to expand
 EU : PV energy development project promoted in
the districts along the shore of the Mediterranean
 Korea : Presented the renewable energy industry development strategy
Photovoltaic cell industry – will be excessive
competition
1-5. Pros & cons of photovoltaic cell
 Pros
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Clean energy. No combustion. No greenhouse gas emission from use.
Inexhaustible and abundant “fuel” supply
Well suited for distribution generation
Technology exists today and is rapidly improving
Generates electricity directly from sunlight
Power generation is silent. No noise or pollution.
Little or no transmission required
Require minimal maintenance
Long life period
 Cons
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Intermittent source. Not available at night or under clouds.
Relatively high cost, especially with storage
Requires storage or grid connection for continuous round-the-clock use
Requires a relatively large amount of open space
Relatively low efficiency (around 17-40 percent)
Relatively low energy intensity( ~8-12 m2/ kW)
Fragile materials
high initial cost
1-6. Sustainability of photovoltaic system
 Infinite energy sources
 Falling costs of photovoltaic cell
 No greenhouse gas emission from use
 Long life period
02 Mission 2
2-1. OLD MEGA_CITY : Seoul
 Seoul’s Representative Policy
Reducing one nuclear power plant
Low interest for solar
photovoltaic business
Supporting mini
photovoltaic power
generation to family
Operating Seoul’s
integrated photovoltaic
system
Seoul takes up a positive
attitude for photovoltaic
2-2. Apply to Bridges in Han River
Han-river bridge’s illumination in night is specialty of Seoul
But, it spends too much energy
So, We suggest attaching PV module system to bridge
2-2. Apply to Bridges in Han River
Banghwa bridge(Truss)
Hangang bridge(Arch)
Half-through bridge
PV module isn’t suitable for Truss and Arch structure
Also half-through bridge is unfavorable because of disturbing passage
So only
15 of bridges in Han River are suitable to use photovoltaic system
2-3. Apply to streetlight
Streetlights also spend
Smart streetlight system is
much energy all day
alternative energy model to
reduce energy
We propose the smart photovoltaic streetlight
2-3. Apply to streetlight
 Case study : Gwangjin-gu in Seoul
Total streetlight : 1,931
Yearly energy consume : 825,717kWh
Total energy charge : Roughly 67,000,000 Won
Economic feasibility
Photovoltaic module : 100W single crystal cell
Discount rate : 6.5%
Initial cost : 203,500Won
Application scope : 150 numbers of 40W LED streetlight
Financing : 2.5% per yearly interest(Seoul’s supporting policy for photovoltaic)
Revenue : Incentive 50won/kWh(Seoul’s supporting policy for photovoltaic) +
Electricity Tariffs(162.11won/kWh) + Renewable Energy Certificate
Result : One photovoltaic streetlight makes a 401,935Won for 20 years
2-4. Solar cell
Automobile
Reference : Seoul’s statistics report(2013)
There are 3,000,000
Solar cells can be used as
automobiles in seoul
assistance power supply for
automobile
2-4. Solar cell
Automobile
Amorphous Silicon film to automobile
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Low efficiency
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But, low cost and low influence of temperature
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According to articles, the result of the
experiment shows the solar cell in automobile
supplies 11% of total power
2-4. Solar cell
Moblie phone
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Producing electricity using solar cell
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It’s useful when power plant can’t
send the electricity
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It’s also efficient to developing countries
which aren’t established the electrical
infrastructure
LED streetlight
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Charge all day, discharge all night
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To use tracking system to improve
efficiency
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More economical than existing
streetlight
03 Mission 3
Developing countries : Sunlight is the best energy
solution ?
-Lack of energy : An estimated 1.5 billion people in developing
countries have no access to electricity
- Sun exposure: Most of Africa, for example, has around 325 days
of strong sunlight a year
Developing countries : Sunlight is the best energy
solution ?
- Large quantity of land : The Desertec Foundation, a joint German
and Jordanian company, estimates that covering just one per cent of
global deserts in solar panels could power the whole world
http://permaculturenews.org/
Sunlight technology in developing countries
Grid extension vs Off-Grid energy
-For bigger scale, flat panel PV is less efficient than concentrating
solar systems
-Grid extension in rural areas is very difficult and expensive
-Decentralized Photovoltaic electric power for local use (placed on
rooftops of homes or small commercial properties)
 More efficient and less expensive
Off-Grid application : Solar home systems
The most common solar PV system in rural settings is the solar home
system, made up of a solar panel, connected to a battery and charge
controller.
Off-Grid applications of Solar energy
Application
Technology
• Solar vaccine refrigerator
• PV panels + lead-acid batteries
• Solar water pump
• PV panels + electric motor
• Solar electric fencing
• PV cells + power conditioner +battery
• Solar phone
• PV solar charger integrated into mobile phone
• Solar radio
• PV panel + radio transceiver + battery
• Solar water heating
• Solar thermal collector+water storage tank
The advantages of decentralized systems
for developing countries
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Superior lighting at lower cost
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Significant reduction in fires by elimination of kerosene in many
parts of home life
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Extended and more productive workday
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Micro-enterprise development
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More direct-employment opportunities
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Facilitates development of micro-lending programs
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Conserves foreign exchange
3-4. Solar Energy Projects in developing countries
South Africa
Jasper Solar Energy Project
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96 MW Photovoltaic Power Station
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Completed in October 2014
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Powers up to 80 000 homes
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325 360 Solar Panels
3-4. Solar Energy Projects in developing countries
Ghana
The Nzema Project (under construction)
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155 MW Photovoltaic Power Station
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Will be completed in 2017
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630 000 Solar Panels
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Powers up to 150 000 homes
3-5. Funding in Solar Energy
- UNEP: United Nations Environmental
Program
- Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa
- African Renewable Energy Fund