NGSSS SCIENCE SUPPLEMENTAL RESOURCES
STUDENT PACKET
Biology
SC.912.L.16.17
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEM ATICS AND SCIENCE
THE SCHOOL BOARD OF MIAMI-DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA
Ms. Perla Tabares Hantman, Chair
Dr. Dorothy Bendross-Mindingall, Vice Chair
Ms. Susie V. Castillo
Dr. Lawrence S. Feldman
Dr. Wilbert “Tee” Holloway
Dr. Martin Karp
Ms. Lubby Navarro
Ms. Raquel A. Regalado
Dr. Marta Pérez Wurtz
Mr. Logan Schroeder-Stephens
Student Advisor
Mr. Alberto M. Carvalho
Superintendent of Schools
Ms. Maria L. Izquierdo
Chief Academic Officer
Office of Academics and Transformation
Dr. Maria P. de Armas
Assistant Superintendent
Division of Academics
Mr. Cristian Carranza
Administrative Director
Division of Academics
Department of Mathematics and Science
Dr. Ava D. Rosales
Executive Director
Department of Mathematics and Science
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to provide students with enhancement tutorial sessions that will
enrich the depth of content knowledge of the Biology 1 course. Each tutorial session is aligned to
Biology Annually Assessed Benchmarks of the Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
(NGSSS) as described in the course description and the Biology Item Specifications and include
an ExploreLearning Gizmos activity and/or a science demonstration followed by assessment
questions.
The Nature of Science Body of Knowledge (BOK) is embedded in all lessons. Teachers are
encouraged to generate an inquiry-based environment where students grow in scientific thinking
while creating and responding to higher-order questions.
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SC.912.L.16.17
Table of Contents
Molecular and Cellular Biology - SC.912.L.16.17 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for
genetic variation. (Also assesses SC.912.L.16.8, SC.912.L.16.14, and SC.912.L.16.16)
Activity 1 - Cell Division ..............................................................................................................3
Activity 2 – Phases of Mitosis ...................................................................................................10
Activity 3 - Online Activity Mitosis .............................................................................................12
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Activity 1 – Cell Division
Vocabulary: cell division, centriole, centromere, chromatid, chromatin, chromosome, cytokinesis,
DNA, interphase, mitosis
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
Cells reproduce by splitting in half, a process called cell division. What do cells need to do
between divisions to make sure that they don’t just get smaller and smaller?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
The genetic information of a cell is carried in its DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid). What
do cells need to do between divisions to make sure that a full set of DNA gets passed on to
each daughter cell?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Gizmo Warm-up
On the SIMULATION pane of the Cell Division Gizmo™, check that
the Cycle Length is set to 12 hours. Click Play (
), observe until
the maximum number of cells is shown, and then click Pause (
).
1. Look at the cells. Do they all look the same? _____
2. Cells that are in the process of dividing are said to be in mitosis
or cytokinesis. Cells that are not dividing are in interphase.
Check the Magnify box and move the cursor over the cells.
A. Of the 100 cells shown, how many are in the process of dividing?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Select the BAR CHART tab, and turn on Show numerical values. How many cells are in
the interphase stage of their life cycle?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B.
C. Based on these two observations, would you say that a cell spends most of its life cycle
in interphase or in mitosis/cytokinesis? ______________
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Part A: Phases of the Cell Cycle
Engage Question: What are the stages of the cell cycle?
1. Get the Gizmo ready:
 Click Reset (
).
 Select the DESCRIPTION tab.
 Click on the right arrow once so that Interphase is shown.
Observe: Click Play and hold the cursor over the cell. Observe the cell as it divides several
times. (This happens quickly!) What do you notice happening during this process?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Summarize: On the DESCRIPTION pane, read about each phase in the cell cycle. In the
spaces below, sketch the cell in each phase and summarize what occurs in your own words.
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Phase
Sketch
Summary
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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2. Analyze: Use your summaries and the Gizmo to answer the following questions:
A. What are the four phases of mitosis? ________________________________________
B. During which phase is the DNA duplicated? _________________________
C. What is the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
D. In which phase are chromatids pulled apart? ________________
E. What is the role of the centrioles?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
F. In which phase does a new nuclear membrane develop? ___________________
G. A cell has a single line of chromosomes. What is the phase? ________________
3. During which three phases are individual chromosomes no longer visible?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Think and discuss: Why is it important that the cell’s DNA is duplicated before cell division?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Challenge: Human cells have 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of a pair of
identical chromatids attached together by a structure called a centromere. Once the
chromosome has split, each chromatid is called a daughter chromosome. At the end of
cytokinesis, how many daughter chromosomes will be found in each cell? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Part B: Duration of Phases
Engage Question: What is the relative duration of each phase of the cell cycle?
1. Get the Gizmo ready:
 Click Reset.
 Select the TABLE tab.
2. Collect data: Set the Cycle Length to 10 hours and click Play. Click Pause when the
maximum number of cells has been reached. On the TABLE tab, click Record data.
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Record the number of cells in each phase of the cell cycle in the table below. Then click Play,
wait for a while, and click Record data again. Repeat this process until you have recorded
four sets of results, and then find the average number of cells in each phase.
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Trial
1
2
3
4
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Avg.
3. Analyze: Which phase of the cell cycle is longest? _________ Shortest? ______________
Explain your answers:
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Calculate: You can use your data to estimate the duration of each phase of the cell cycle. For
example, if 8% of the cells were in prophase and the cell cycle was 10 hours long, then
prophase would last 8% of 10 hours, or 0.8 hours (48 minutes).
Use percentages to estimate the duration of each phase of the cell cycle. Show your work.
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Interphase: _______________________________________________________________
Prophase:
_______________________________________________________________
Metaphase: _______________________________________________________________
Anaphase:
_______________________________________________________________
Telophase:
_______________________________________________________________
Cytokinesis: _______________________________________________________________
Part C: Cell Populations
Engage Question: How quickly do cells multiply?
1. Get the Gizmo ready:
 Click Reset.
 Select the GRAPH tab.
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
Set the Cycle Length to 5 hours.
2. Collect data: Click Play to start a new simulation.
Click Pause when the maximum number of cells is
reached. View the total number of cells on the
GRAPH tab. (Click the “–” button until the whole
graph is visible.)
Draw a sketch of this graph here.
What is the general shape of the graph?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
3. Analyze: Look closely at the graph.
A. About how long did it take to grow the first 20
cells? _______________________________
B. About how long did it take to grow the last 20 cells? _____________________________
C. Would you say the rate of cell growth is increasing or decreasing? Explain.
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Extend your thinking: In living organisms, the cell cycle is closely regulated. What do you
think will happen if cell division is not controlled?
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
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Biology
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Assessment 1 – Cell Division
1. Place the four images from the cell cycle in the correct chronological order.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Image A, image D, image B, image C
Image C, image D, image B, image A
Image C, image B, image A, image D
Image B, image C, image D, image A
2. During which phase does the cell actually separate into two individual daughter cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Interphase
Metaphase
3. If your were to examine a sample of 1000 cells, in which of the phases listed below would
you expect to find most of the cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Interphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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4. Upon examining a sample consisting of 100 cells, you find the following distribution of cell
phases. If you know that the cell cycle for this type of cell takes two hours, how long, on
average, does the cell spend in prophase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
8 minutes
16 minutes
22 minutes
30 minutes
5. In what part of the cell cycle does the DNA make a copy of itself?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Interphase
Prophase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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Activity 2 – Phases of Mitosis
Adapted from: BBC Bitesize (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/)
Please Follow the link:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/celldivision/celldivisionac
t.shtml
The following diagram shows onion cells undergoing mitosis. Each cell is numbered. For each
cell, identify the phase of mitosis and provide evidence for your answer. Use table below to record
your answers.
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Cell #
Mitosis Phase
Evidence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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Activity 3: Online Activity Mitosis
Follow the instructions on each of the links:
A. http://www.quia.com/mc/65901.html
B. http://www.quia.com/rr/131187.html
C. http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/bfougere/Science%20Jeopardy_files/frame.htm
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Anti-Discrimination Policy
Federal and State Laws
The School Board of Miami-Dade County, Florida adheres to a policy of nondiscrimination in employment and
educational programs/activities and strives affirmatively to provide equal opportunity for all as required by:
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or
national origin.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended - prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of
race, color, religion, gender, or national origin.
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 - prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) as amended - prohibits discrimination on the basis of
age with respect to individuals who are at least 40.
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 as amended - prohibits gender discrimination in payment of wages to women and
men performing substantially equal work in the same establishment.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - prohibits discrimination against the disabled.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) - prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities
in employment, public service, public accommodations and telecommunications.
The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) - requires covered employers to provide up to 12 weeks of
unpaid, job-protected leave to "eligible" employees for certain family and medical reasons.
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 - prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of
pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Florida Educational Equity Act (FEEA) - prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, gender, national origin,
marital status, or handicap against a student or employee.
Florida Civil Rights Act of 1992 - secures for all individuals within the state freedom from discrimination
because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, handicap, or marital status.
Title II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) - prohibits discrimination against
employees or applicants because of genetic information.
Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act of 2002 – no public school shall deny equal access to, or a fair
opportunity for groups to meet on school premises or in school facilities before or after school hours, or
discriminate against any group officially affiliated with Boy Scouts of America or any other youth or
community group listed in Title 36 (as a patriotic society).
Veterans are provided re-employment rights in accordance with P.L. 93-508 (Federal Law) and Section 295.07
(Florida Statutes), which stipulate categorical preferences for employment.
In Addition:
School Board Policies 1362, 3362, 4362, and 5517 - Prohibit harassment and/or discrimination against
students, employees, or applicants on the basis of sex, race, color, ethnic or national origin, religion, marital
status, disability, genetic information, age, political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender, gender identification,
social and family background, linguistic preference, pregnancy, and any other legally prohibited basis.
Retaliation for engaging in a protected activity is also prohibited.
Revised: (07.14)