Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination
Massimo Moser
DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical Thermodynamic
CSP EXPO - 9 September 2010
Slide 1
Water scarcity – global overview
Source: IWMI 2006
Slide 2
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
AQUA-CSP scenario for Middle East and North Africa
Source: AQUA-CSP 2007
Slide 3
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
Matching between water scarcity and global potential
for CSP
Source: REACCESS 2009
Slide 4
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
Conventional Desalination Plant
Fossil fuel
Power Plant
Screening
Filtration
Desalination
Unit
Open intake
Direct discharge
Anti-Scaling
Anti-Foaming
Anti-Corrosion
Chlorine
Source: Catalana de Perforacions
Slide 5
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
Sustainable Desalination Plant
CSP collector and
thermal storage
Power Plant
NanoFiltration
Desalination
Unit
Horizontal drain intake
Source: Catalana de Perforacions
Multi-port diffuser
Source: CORMIX
Slide 6
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Selective membrane
Feed water
Permeate
Separation method which bases
on selective membrane: water
passage is pressure dependent,
while salt passage is constant
Required pressure (55 – 70 bar)
Concentrate
Salinity of product water:
< 300 ppm for 1-stage systems
< 50 ppm for 2-stages plants
Relatively high electricity
consumption: 3 - 6 kWh/m3
Very specific pre-treatment of
feed water required
Source: comptonengineering
Slide 7
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
Multiple effect distillation (MED)
Heat source
Typical co-generation application
Feed water
Distillate
Brine
Bases on multiple evaporation and
condensation processes in
different stages, which allow for an
optimal employment of the
available heat for water production
High water quality (< 10 ppm)
Working temperature: 65 - 80 °C
Low internal electricity
consumption (< 0.6 kWh/m3
distillate)
Source: ENTROPIE
Slide 8
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
CSP-RO configuration
Electrical interconnection only
CSP plant can be located away from the coast
Dry-cooling (lower efficiency vs. higher DNI)
Slide 9
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
CSP-MED configuration
Limited to coast
Interdependent operation
Hot water tank allows for compensation of variations in the turbine
thermal output and thus for an almost constant water production
Slide 10
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
Conclusions
Increasing water shortages require a paradigm change in the water
sector supply; countermeasures in order to improve efficiency in the
water sector have to be taken as soon as possible (drip systems, water
distribution and re-use, avoidance of water-intensive crops)
However these countermeasures will not be sufficient to cover the water
deficit and new water sources have to be tapped
Sustainable desalination driven by CSP is a valid option: the energy
source is large enough to cope with demand and CSP is a proven
technology
CSP mitigates the risk if energy cost escalation, allows for a flexible plant
operation. In the end CSP multi-purpose plants make possible to
produce sustainable electricity and water
Slide 11
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO
For more information:
www.med-csd-ec.eu
www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp
Thank you!
Slide 12
Concentrating Solar Power and Desalination – Massimo Moser – 9.9.2010 – CSP EXPO