Development of Nuclear
Power Plant Simulators for
Socialization Tools in
Indonesia
SUDARNO
National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN)
TM on Effective Utilization of NPP Simulators as Introductory Educational Tools
Vienna, 19-22 May 2014

Outline Presentation :
◦ Current state of Indonesian energy
◦ Development of NPP Simulators in Indonesia
◦ Methods used for development of Indonesia
NPP Simulator
◦ Future works of Indonesian NPP Simulator
development
◦ Conclusion
Introduction : About Indonesia



Indonesia is an archipelago country
Consisting thousands islands (±3000)
Among the five big islands, Java Island is the
most populated island:
◦ 130 million inhabitants with 940 peoples/km2

Java has a lot of industrials bases that support
entire the country’s needs
Java Island
Energy situation in Indonesia

Oil still dominates primary
energy sources in Indonesia,
currently oil consumption
accounted for about 52% of
primary energy mix (World
Bank, 2006)

Primary energy sources
mostly located out-site of Java
Island

Electricity demand
concentrated in Java-BaliMadura islands
Electricity projection on Java-Bali-Madura
system
Needs of Nuclear Power Plants

Introduction of NPP to supply Java-Bali-Madura electricity
grid system.

Expected advantages:
◦ long term energy security, stimulating industrialization and
development of human resource, low air pollution, low
green house effect, saving resources.

Several drawbacks (challenges) :
◦ site for final disposal not available yet, difficulty on
investment, longer lead time and construction period,
financial risk, long term political support, assurance in
importing fuel, low public acceptance.
Development of NPP Simulators in Indonesia

Hybrid NPP Simulator based on Kartini Reactor
(Syarif et al.)
Hybrid NPP Simulator based on Kartini Reactor

Online mode : simulation is done using online
reactor operation data such as control rod position
and reactor power. The simulator calculate other
parameter values.

Offline mode : the posistion of control rod is set
by user using Control rod button, then based on
reactor operation database, the simulator
determine the value of control rod reactivity and
the reactor power.
PWR-1000 NPP Simulator (Subekti et al)
NSSS Panel
Reactor Model

Modeling PWR1000
Core 4-loop
Simulator PWR1000 core model
refers to PWR 1000 from
Westinghouse. Next picture
shows the safety rods and control
rods location.
Reactor Kinetics
Reactor Kinetic is done by point kinetics approach using inhour
solution, in order to accelerate the simulator computation.
Programming inhour equation in G-programming language
- Start-up
Operation Mode:
- Power Rise
- Stable 100%
- Shutdown
Simulation for startup and power rise
Startup simulation : control rod A-cluster and B-cluster are
fully withdrawn. At this condition the reactor is still
subcritical. Then withdraw the control rod C-cluster until
we get criticality.
The reactor is at hot core condition, zero power and free
Xenon, which is verified by very small value of Xenon
negative reactivity.
1.E+08
1.E+07
1.E+06
1.E+05
~95 pcm
1.E+04
1.E+03
1.E+02
1.E+01 CRs Withdrawal
1.E+00 during startup
1.E-01 condition
1.E-02
1.E-03
1.E-04
1.E-05
1.E-06
1.E-07
1.E-08
5:38:54
5:47:47
- Start-up
- Power Rise
CRs insertion to slow down the
power rate increase
3000
2000
1000
0
NPP Power Level
Power Rise Condition
5:56:40
6:05:33
6:14:25
-1000
6:23:18
6:32:11
6:41:04
Time [hh:mm:ss]
After criticality, the automatic mode will withdraw the CRs until reactivity
exceeding 95 pcm, not more than 100 pcm as safety limit. Beside this
reactivity safety limit, the reactor-power increase-rate (power rate) must
be below 85 MWe/minute.
CRs Position for Bank-C [mm]
NPP Power Level [MWe]
Operation Mode
Operation Mode
- Stable 100%
1002.0
2270
2260
NPP Power Level [MWe]
2250
1001.0
2240
Setting of High Power Limit for Automatic Mode
2230
1000.0
2220
2210
Setting of Low Power Limit for Automatic Mode
NPP Power Level
999.0
6:41:21
2200
6:41:40
6:41:59
6:42:18
6:42:37
6:42:57
6:43:16
6:43:35
6:43:54
6:44:13
6:44:33
Time [hh:mm:ss]
After power reactor is 100% stable at 1000 MWe, automatic mode will
regulate the CRs movement by inserting the CRs if low power limit
exceeded or withdraw CR if high power limit exceeded. Low power limit is
999.5 MWe and high power limit is 1000.5 MWe. This stable condition will
continue until all CRs fully withdrawal.
CRs Position for Bank-C [mm]
CRs Position
- Shutdown
Operation Mode
0.20
1000
0.00
-0.20
NPP Power Level
600
-0.40
-0.60
400
-0.80
Reactivity
200
-1.00
0
6:17:47
-1.20
7:05:47
7:53:47
8:41:47
9:29:47
10:17:47
Time [hh:mm:ss]
11:05:47
11:53:47
Insert CR C-cluster, B-cluster an A-cluster, followed by full insertion of
safety rods.
Reactivity [pcm]
NPP Power Level [MWe]
800
◦ Future works of Indonesian NPP
Simulator development

Benchmarking simulator result with RELAP,
COBRA-EN
•Simulation of PWR Accident:
LOCA, SBO, LOFA etc.
Conclusion

The simulator is design as a tool of NPP
socialization.

Point kinetics is used for reactor kinetic in
order to get real time simulation.

The NPP simulators development are still
in progress.