UNIT 6 - LEARNING
MODS 26 and 27
Learning, Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning
Learning
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The process of acquiring new information and/or
behaviors
Habituation – a decreased response to a stimulus
due to repeated exposure
Classical Conditioning
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A type of learning in which one learns to link two or
more stimuli and anticipate events
Neutral stimuli (NS)
Unconditioned response (UR)
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned response (CR)
Pavlov and the dog…does it ring a
bell?
Classical Conditioning continued
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZNBpKRQgYY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6LEcM0E0io
Watson
Little Albert
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSkzwxwi6zQ
Operant Conditioning
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Associating your own actions with consequences –
good or bad
Law of Effect – rewarded behavior is likely to
reoccur (Thorndike)
Reinforcement
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Positive Reinforcement – strengthens a response by
presenting a typically pleasurable stimulus.
 Call
dog…dogs comes…pat head and say “good
dog”
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Negative Reinforcement – strengthens a response
by reducing or removing something negative.
 Get
in car…beeping alerts you to put on seatbelt…put
on seatbelt to stop the beeping
DO NOT CONFUSE WITH PUNISHMENT!
Primary v Conditioned Reinforcers
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Primary – unlearned (food when hungry)
Conditioned (secondary reinforces) – get their
power through learned association with primary
reinforcers.
Punishment
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Decreases behavior
Positive punishment – administer an aversive stimulus
 Spray
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water on a cat; traffic ticket for speeding
Negative punishment – withdraw a rewarding
stimulus
 Take
away a cell phone or driving privileges; revoke a
membership card for delinquent payment
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Drawbacks to physical punishment?
Do you get it???
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Draw a picture of classical conditioning. You must
include all stimuli and responses.
Draw a sample of positive reinforcement and a
sample of negative reinforcement.
Draw a sample of positive punishment and negative
punishment.
YOU CANNOT USE MY EXAMPLES OR EXAMPLES
FROM THE TEXTBOOK