Hannover Messe
Life Needs Power:
Market design and performance of networks with
high penetrations of intermittent renewables
Konstantin Staschus, PhD
ENTSO-E Chief Innovation Officer, Chair of
ETIP SNET and Cigré SC C1
24 April 2017
Overview
•
Intro: Cigré; a global triple paradigm shift
•
Energy transition needs RD&I on planning, markets, continental grids, TSO-DSO interaction
•
Recent Cigré results on RES integration
•
ENTSO-E and EU RD&I directions
•
Summary of recommendations
•
Discussion with: Dr. Jochen Kreusel, ABB; Christian Schorn, EnBW ; Dr. Michael Weinhold,
Siemens
2
Cigré, the world forum for power systems
58 nat’l committees,
95 member countries
7825 indiv. + 1147
collective members
250 working groups, 3500
active experts, 50 technical
brochures/a
16 Study Committees,
on Equipment (3),
Technologies (5),
Systems (6), Materials+IT (2)
Global triple paradigm shift - percentages of:
renewable electricity generation; smart meters; market
Sources: 2013 data from IEA WEO 2015; Telefonica; own calc’s based on population of countries w/ liberalized power wholesale markets
Parties and
Signatories of COP21 Paris Agreement
Energy transition needs RD&I on planning, markets,
continental grids, transmission-distribution interaction
System planning w/ renewable energy Markets
• Electricity saves energy + CO2 in heating, transport
• Generation no natural monopoly
• But solar/wind volatile, low capacity factor;
behind-meter PV affects planning also
• Wholesale markets dispatch
generation well, especially
over multiple systems
• Needs strong continental grid + smart local
markets and grids to control technical problems
• Investment in DG in reach
of retail customers; unlock DSR
TSO-DSO interaction
Continental grids/HVDC
• Consistency wholesale-retail
• Reliability and trading benefits from
large interconnections, esp’ly for
regional temporary RE surplus/deficit
• Observability of distributed generation
•
IT architecture for data management (CIM)
•
Market-based active power mgt actions:
impact on balancing + congestion in T + D
• Because transporting RE surpluses
often cheaper than storing or curtailing
Cigré 2013: WG C1.18: Coping with limits for very high
penetrations of renewable energy - Cigré TB 527 Feb. 2013
Grid Codes for Increasing Operational Scheduling and Dispatch Challenges
• Dispatch, ramping, reactive power, fault ride through capabilities of all plants ↑.
• At high levels of VNSR ancillary services need to be provided by the VNSR.
• Needs credible grid code enforcement.
Forecasting: Key requirement for all penetration levels for efficient system operation.
Voltage Stability, Transient Stability, Inertia, and Fault Levels:
• Where studied, present binding limiting factor for high penetrations of VNSR.
Network Design and Build:
• For medium and high levels of VNSR, additional grid infrastructure required.
• In Europe, 80% of150 billion € transmission investment until 2030 driven by RES
Governance: Need for greater information sharing and transparency between systems.
Other observations on ancillary services, storage, offshore wind, transients, markets.
Cigré 2016: C1.30: Technical risks + solutions from periodic
large surpluses or deficits of available renewable generation:
Risk-Solution Matrix
Flexibility
ST balancing
System adequacy
Voltage profile
Security w/ maintenance
Congestion transmission
Observability/controllability
All RES support the system
Short-circuit power
System inertia
1 Flexibility is needed
Reserve capacity for short
2 term balancing is needed
System adequacy has to
3 be maintained
Voltage profile has to be
4 kept
System security has to be
kept in maintenance
5 situations
Congestion of the
6 transmissions system
Observability and
Controllability of a large
7 number of RES units
Small RES units have to
8 behave system friendly.
9 Lack of short-circuit power
10 Lack of system inertia
Curtailment
Flexible conventional generation
Enlargement of balancing area
Demand Side Management
Short term and fast reacting storage
Improved forecast
Relaxing frequency standards
Power exchange between countries
Long term storage
Capacity credits for RES
MV/LV Tap Changer
MV substation automisation
Comprehensive monitoring
Reactive power from RES
System security assessment (n-1) contingency analysis
Advanced maintenance concepts
Correlationg the maintenane and the refurbishment
Grid Reinforcement AC/DC
FACTS
Publish curtailment data
Information exchange between system operators (TSO/DSO)
Remote control of RES
Software to organise data (big Data)
Adapt grid codes/ set connection standards
Synchronous generators
Faster primary frequency control
Synthetic inertia
Risk
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Solution
Cigré 2016: C1.32: Establishing best practice approaches for
developing credible electricity demand and energy
forecasts for network planning
What do you believe to be the three most important aspects of your forecasts that
you will need to change or incorporate in the next 10 years to improve your
forecasts?
penetration of renewable energy sources (RES)
67%
demand side response management
47%
electric vehicles
43%
storage
43%
electric efficiency
33%
air conditioners
20%
temperature
20%
heat pumps
3%
Cigré 2017: C1.29: Planning criteria for future transmission
networks w/ greater variability of power exchange w/ DSOs
• Significant additional data required to be shared between TSO + DSO to understand future interface requirements.
• Needs incentive for DSO to ‘manage’ its network to minimise the impact on the TSO.
Sharing of Load / Generation data betwn TSOs + DSOs
Capability of accurate forecast the output of
Renewable Energy Sources
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
Yes
No
N/A
Blank
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Existing
embedded
generation
(MW)
Generation
divided by
primary
source
Customer
connection
requests
(MW)
Customer
connection
divided by
primary
source
Expected
Peak Load
(MW)
Yes
37%
No
63%
Cigré 2017: C1.B4.65: Recommended voltages for HVDC grids
Design for
target power value
Below 250 kV
Power range
GW
Over
head
Application specific
± 250 kV
< 0.5
± 320 kV
< 1.0
± 400 kV
(0.5) – 1.5
± 500 kV
(1.0) – 3.0
± 600 kV
(1.5) – 4.0
± 800 kV
(3.0) – 8.0
± 1100 kV
(4.0) – 12
AC to
DC conversion
Available cable
voltages *
AC voltage (ph–
ph)
EXTR
MI
245 kV
No inherent limit
Recommended
DC voltage
Design for highest
available power
320 kV
Used
commercially
Tested
362 kV
362 kV & 420 kV
550 kV
525 kV
600 kV
* Corresponding DC voltages
As of end 2015
ENTSO-E TYNDP 2016: Continental grid planning implements
the learning that strong grid best handles surpluses+deficits
• Double interconnection capacity
• 80% of investments driven by RES
ADRESSING CHALLENGES
Barriers identified in TYNDP 2016
Exchange of
flexibility
Geopolitical
Loop-flows
Physical
congestions
Market
integration
11
ENTSO-E 2009-2017: 8 network codes set legally
binding rules for European and RES integration
Drafted by ENTSO-E, controlled by ACER, approved by Member States with EC
Wider market integration
Allow more competition, new entrants, and
enhance resources optimisation:
Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management
Forward Capacity Allocation
Electricity Balancing
Last NC to pass Comitology March 2017
Greener power, smarter consumption
Reinforced security of supply
Plan, operate and monitor a grid with new
challenges and new technologies
System Operations
Emergency & Restoration
Connect new actors to the grid so they
support the system
Requirements for Generators
Demand Connection
HVDC
12
CONSUMER EMPOWERMENT:
Choice to be sensitive to price fluctuations, to offer flexibility directly, via a supplier, or via an aggregator - in ALL markets
Customer choice whether
and to what extent he/she
needs hedging and
protection from price
fluctuations
13
New EU ETIP SNET structure for RD&I on smart networks
for energy transition and RES integration
Electricity network = backbone of the energy system
Offers flexibility solutions and enables the integration of all flexibility means
Information and Communication Technologies
Electricity consumption
Demand flexibility
Electricity networks
Interactions
with other
energy networks
Innovations to enhance
grid reliability and flexibiliy
Generation flexibility
(RES and thermal)
Sources of flexibility
Electricity generation
Energy
Storage
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
[email protected]
+49 176 2269 8552
For more information:
http://www.entsoe.eu
http://www.etip-snet.eu
http://c1.cigre.org
Av. de Cortenbergh 100
1000 Brussels Belgium