NEIGHBOURHOOD PROGRAMME
LITHUANIA, POLAND AND KALININGRAD REGION
OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Perspectives of Offshore Wind Energy development in marine
areas of Lithuania, Poland and Russia
2.4. Study on perspectives of main grid
network interconnection between countries
and with potential wind parks
2007-12-10
www.eksponente.lt
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The problem
• Lack of reliable knowledge concerning
perspectives of off-shore wind power parks
interconnection between countries and with
potential wind parks are limiting forecasting and
planning of investments into this kind of
perspective renewable energy.
2007-12-10
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Main tasks
1.
2.
3.
To overview the state and problems of interconnection
of Polish, Lithuanian and Kaliningrad district (Russia)
electricity power grids.
To analyse EU and national institutional frame work of
power grids development.
To define and analyse different scenarios of
interconnection of potential off-shore wind parks.
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Preface
• In May 2004 the EU integrated eight countries from Central and
Eastern Europe, as well as Malta and Cyprus, into what is about to
become a truly pan-European Union.
• But whereas the political EU enlargement is proceeding smoothly,
electricity enlargement turns out to be a more complex undertaking,
which is far from being achieved at present.
• Since the mid-1990’s, the accession countries had worked hard to
bring their energy sectors in conformity with the EU acquis
communautaire.
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The objective of EU electricity enlargement is
to move towards a single, sustainable European electricity market:
• A single market refers to the expectation of a competitive market
and the efficient allocation of generation and transmission
resources, at least at a regional level, if not at the level of the new
EU 25 at large.
• Sustainable refers to the ability of the electricity system to meet the
environmental objectives of the EU, in particular with regard to the
share of renewable in electricity production and the greenhouse gas
targets, while assuring reliable electricity supply at reasonable costs.
• Establishing open competitive markets while at the same time
pursuing environmental objectives is not necessarily a contradiction.
• A benchmarking approach of comparing different reform objectives
can make cross-country comparisons possible.
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When considering the electricity map of the region,
one clearly distinguishes three sub-regions:
• The Central European Countries (CEC) are the former CENTRELcountries (Poland, Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary) which
are emerging as the core-zone in Eastern Europe; it’s considering
Slovenia and Croatia also as being part of this region. These
countries present by far the biggest market and assemble the
strongest players of the region;
• South Eastern Europe (SEE) consists of the EU candidates
Romania and Bulgaria as well as the other Balkan states (except
Albania);
• The Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) are still part of
the North-West Russian electricity system. The electricity sector in
the Baltic countries is infinitesimally small, but it is politically highly
sensitive (nuclear power in Ignalina/Lithuania, geopolitical issues
with Russia, Kaliningrad, etc.).
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European power market
• enlargement of European Union and
integration into European and World
economic structures requires
significantly increase electricity market
integration, which results in less than
10% of Europe’s electricity being traded
across borders now
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Trans-European networks priority projects
for electricity
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Priorities of EU Power Links
Concerning Infrastructure the Priority Interconnection Plan sets out five
priorities:
– Identifying the most significant missing infrastructure up to 2013 and
ensuring an-European political support to fill the gaps.
– Appointing four European co-coordinators to pursue the four of
the most important priority projects:
•
•
•
•
the Power-Link between Germany, Poland and Lithuania;
connections to offshore wind power in Northern Europe;
electricity interconnections between France and Spain;
and the Nabucco pipeline, bringing gas from the Caspian to central Europe.
– Agreeing a maximum of 5 years within which planning and approval
procedures must be completed for projects that are defined as being "of
European interest" under Trans-European Energy Guidelines.
– Examining the need to increase funding for the Energy TransEuropean networks, particularly to facilitate the integration of
renewable electricity into the grid.
– Establishing a new Community mechanism and structure for
Transmission System Operators (TSOs), responsible for co-coordinated
network planning.
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Baltic power grid on cross-road
European Union:
•Invited Baltic States to
become EU Members
•Forgot integrate power
nets
Reconnection strategies:
• Status quo
• “Go West”
• Integration
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Bottlenecks 2005
% of time
180
h
17 %
552
2 %h
NO2
13 %
12403
%h
FI
h
80%
SE
5%
1252
2 %h
657
18h%
NO1
716%
h
50
3888
2 %h
3563
3 %h
45
440 %
h
DK1
0%
30
h
111%
h
16
27.1.2006
DK2
Timo Toivonen
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400 kV Transmission Capacity
RUS - FIN
Huutokoski
Vihtavuori
750 kV
400 kV
330 kV
Toivila
Kangasala
2000 MW
1400 MW
Koria
Yllikkälä
Kamenogorskaja
Hikiä
Forssa
Hyvinkää
Kymi
Anttila
Nurmijärvi
Tammisto
Espoo
Inkoo
Loviisa
Vyborg
Länsisalmi
NWPP/
Severnaja
HELSINKI
Vostotsnaja
ST. PETERSBURG
Sosnovyi Bor
27.1.2006
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Transmission Connection
Russia
YLLIKKÄLÄ
Vyborg
Border
KORIA
KYMI
TAMMISTO
27.1.2006
Finland
Timo Toivonen
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Finland - Sweden
•
•
•
•
500MW 500 kV cable
270 km
300 M€
2010
• Market >40%
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Baltic power grid reconnection strategies
“Status quo”
NORDEL
Zviedrij
Sweden
a
Somij
Finland
a
ESTLINK
350 MW
11.2006
Norvēģij
Norway
a
Lithuania Sweden
1000 MW
Dānmark
Dānij
a
ja
UCTE/
UCTI/
CENTRAL Europe
Vācij
Germany
a
2007-12-10
Integrated Baltic
and CIS energy
system
Igaunij
Estonia
a
Krievij
Russia
a
Latvij
Latvia
a
Lietuv
Lithuani
a
Polij
Poland
a
Lithuania
– Poland
Čehij 1000 MW
Czec
a
h
Baltkrievi
Belorus
ja
www.eksponente.lt
Ukrain
Ukraine
a
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Connectivity of power markets
• Baltic Sates are technically
strongly connected to Russian
power market
• Baltic States have strong cross
boarder interconnections
• Estonian network allows to
import all power needed
• Baltic States have no
connections to other EU
countries
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Estlink, 2006
Realised in end of 2006.:
Estlink:
•Estonia – Finland (350MW).
• 99 (70 and 9+20) km.
•110 M€.
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Feasibility study: Alytus - Elk
•> 75 % from EU founds
• 154 km HV (400 kV) duble-circuit
transferring grid from Alytus to Elk.
• project could be finalized in 20122015 year.
• Costs - 237 mln. Euro: – 71 mln.
euro in Poland and 166 mln. euro –
on Lithuanian territory.
• Additional investments for
enforcement of grids: 371 mln. Euro
in Poland and 95 mln. Euro in
Lithuania. Investors – both sides.
•Total - 607 mln. Euro
• Should be finalised Baltic ring: by
joining energy systems of Lithuania,
Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden,
Norway, Denmark and Poland.
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Feasibility study: Klaipeda - Hemsjo
•350 km, 700-1000 MW submarine HVDC 1000 kV cable.
•~EUR 550 million.
•The study is to be completed by end of January, 2008.
2007-12-10
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Hiiumaa off-shore wind park
2007-12-10
www.eksponente.lt
(4energy)
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Baltic power grid reconnection strategies
“Go West”
Separate links to
Sweden from:
•Poland
•Lithuania,
•Latvia,
•Estonia
•Finland
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Baltic power grid reconnection strategies
“Integration”
Investigate, model
and design the
most appropriate
offshore grid Bosegrid® - Baltic
Offshore electricity
grid
2007-12-10
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European Strategic Energy Technology Plan
EC has two key objectives for energy technology:
– to lower the cost of clean energy and
– to put EU industry at the forefront of the
rapidly growing low carbon technology
sector.
• To meet these objectives, the Commission
intends to put forward a first European Strategic
Energy Technology Plan for endorsement by the
2008 Spring Council.
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EC long-term vision
• By 2020, technologies will have to make
the 20% renewable target a reality by
permitting a sharp increase in the share
of lower cost renewables (including the
roll-out of off-shore wind …..
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Pan European Super grid
Capacity factor of OWP:
•Stand alone 40%
•Super grid  70%
Power market integration:
•Now - 10%
•With Super grid  100%
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Plot characteristics
45
12
40
35
10
30
25
8
6
20
15
4
10
5
0
2
P1
P2
P3
P4
R1
R2
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
dept, m
42
30
26
28
24
28
38
32
37
26
32
wind speed, m/s
9,8
9,7
9,2
9,3
8,5
9,2
9,5
8,4
8,9
8,1
9,6
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Interconnection scenarios
Scenarios
Definition
0 – no connection
wind power parks should be connected to
national power grids
Line connection
Eastern Baltic arm of trans European
Supergrid. This arm could connect off-shore
wind parks starting from Finland trough
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Poland.
Combined connection Two side connections of wind parks between
countries
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No interconnection
Scenario
0. Not
interconnecti
on.
0.1. Poland
0.2. Russia*
(Kaliningrad)
0.3. Lithuania
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Definition
Wind power
parks
connected to
national power
grids
Wind power
parks
connected to
national power
grids
Possibilities
Advantages
Limitations
No technical and
legislative possibilities to
cross water area with
cable to coast
Short distance (11 and
18km) to coast. Good
economics of wind
parks.
Wind power
parks
connected to
national power
grids
Wind power
parks
connected to
national power
grids
No technical and
legislative possibilities to
connect to national power
grids
Require
enforcement of
inland power grids
and significant
investments.
Low capacity
factor – till 40%
Require
enforcement of
inland power grids
and significant
investments.
Require
enforcement of
inland power grids
and significant
investments.
Limited area of
dept until 50 m.
Low capacity
factor – till 40%.
Both plots located in
areas with good
economical conditions
Capacity factor – till
40%.
Technical possibilities to
Possibilities to use
connect to 300kV inland
Kruonio HPS for
substation. But isn’t
reservation of
legislation related to
capacities.
connection to transferring Good possibilities for
grids jet
construction and
maintenance wind
power parks from
Klaipeda harbour.
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Line connection
Scenario
Line
connection.
Definition
Connection of
wind parks with
HVDC cable
Possibilities
Technical implemental
and legislative provided
according to EU Energy
Technological plan
Advantages
Eastern Baltic arm of
trans European
Supergrid;
Marine
interconnection of
power grids of
member States,
Capacity factor till 70
Limitations
No clearness on
permission of no Member
State Russian authority to
cross its marine territory
with HVDC cable
Onshore: Poland –Lithuania:
607 mln.euro.
Offshore: Poland- Lithuania:
550 mln.Euro.
Interconnection
Mark
P1, P2 - P3, P4
P3, P4 - R1
R1-R2
R2-L1
L1-L2
L2-L3
L3-L4
L5-L5
Total
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
I8
Distance, km
Cable costs, M€
(1,57 M€/km)
82
144
29
21
29
16
15
13
350
129
226
46
33
46
25
24
20
550
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Share of interconnection
cable costs in common capital costs, %*
Nordex, 2.5 MW
RePower, 5 MW
3,18
3,94
1,03
1,28
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Combined connections
Scenario
3.
Combined
connections
:
Definition
Two side
connections of
wind parks
between
countries
Two side
connections of
wind parks
between
countries
Possibilities
Advantages
Limitations
Only 21 km cable
connection between
nearest parks and
possibilities to
connect to 300kV
inland substation in
Klaipeda
Low capacity factor –
till 40% and
necessity for
reservation
capacities.
3.2. Only
Lithuanian
and Polish
Two side
connections of
wind parks
between
countries
160 km direct cable
connection between
nearest Lithuanian
and Polish wind
parks and ~300 km,
if around Russian
marine area
3.3. Only Polish
and Russian
Two side
connections of
wind parks
between
countries
144 km cable
connection between
nearest Polish and
Russian wind parks
Possibilities to use
Kruonio HPS for
reservation of capacities.
Good possibilities for
construction and
maintenance wind power
parks from Klaipeda
harbour especially for
Lithuanian side
Formation of arm of trans
European Supergrid
around Russian marine
area.
Possibility to avoid of
expensive and
environmental
problematically
construction of inland
interconnection between
Polish and Lithuanian
power grids
Possibility for Russian
wind parks connection to
Polish inland grids
3.1. Only
Russian and
Lithuanian
2007-12-10
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No clearness
according to
permission of no
Member State
Russian authority to
cross its marine
territory with HVDC
cable.
Require enforcement
of inland power grids
and significant
investments.
No technical and
legislative
possibilities to cross
water area with cable
to coast.
Require enforcement
of Polish inland
power grids and
significant
investments.
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Conclusion 1
•
•
•
•
After accession of East European countries in EU still
not formed efficient interconnection of power grids and
electricity trade market.
Only at end of 2006 construction of Estlink enabled to
connect Baltic power grids to Scandinavian power
market.
Polish and Lithuanian inland interconnection of power
grids provided to implement till 2015 year.
Lithuanian and Swedish submarine interconnection
possibilities are under investigation now and could be
realised till 2015 year.
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Conclusion 2
• European Energy technological plan the first from four of
the most important priority projects named the PowerLink between Germany, Poland and Lithuania.
• By 2020, technologies will have to make the 20%
renewable target a reality by permitting a sharp increase
in the share of lower cost renewables, including the rollout of off-shore wind.
• Priorities of such a targeted initiative could include
getting large scale offshore wind competitive within the
short term and paving the way towards a competitive
European offshore Supergrid.
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Conclusion 3
• Trans European Supergrid discovers abilities to become
as revolutionary efficient looking from point of stability of
power supply as able to reach capacity factor till 70%
and significant reduce power reservation needs.
• This technical decision could open and connect energy
markets of member States.
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Conclusion 4
• Comparing different scenarios of wind power parks
interconnection, the most acceptable for Poland, Russia
(Kaliningrad) and Lithuania is Line connection variant as
Eastern Baltic arm of trans European Supergid.
• No interconnection and combined interconnection
scenarios require too much legislative changes and
indirect investments related to enforcement inland grids
and capacity reservation.
• It’s also important that construction of Supergrid could
avoid construction of inland connection between
Lithuania and Poland, same as submarine
interconnection Lithuania – Sweden.
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Conclusion 5
Tools:
• Policy – EU strategic and financial support
• Organization – BOSEC establishing
• Environment – scientific support
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Thank you for your attention!
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