Just how fast can man run?
A slight deviation from the usual article today as I felt it was rather timely. But first,
some background as I whisk you back to the summer of 2008 in Beijing, China when
a young sprinter named Usain Bolt really made a name for himself. He had pretty
much came out of no where at a Grand Prix event in May earlier that year, held on
Long Island. He broke Asafa Powell’s world 100m sprint record by running a 9.72.
Not only was this amazing, it was even more impressive considering that Bolt was
originally a 200 and 400 meter runner. He was twenty-one years young.
Fast-forward to August and he qualified easily for the 100m final of the Olympic
Games (and the 200m, lest us not forget). The final is now something of legend as
Bolt broke his own world record by running a time of 9.69 seconds with no
favourable wind conditions and seeming to slow down to celebrate before even
passing the finishing line. He also won the 200m gold, and was part of the gold
medal-winning Jamaican 4x100m relay team. The irony of this is in 2005 that both his
manager and coach both tried to get Bolt to focus on the 400m in time for 2007/08 but
he was adamant that he wanted to try the shorter 100m distance. The reason for their
reluctance is that tall men are not generally known to be great sprinters. In fact, long
legs are thought to be quite the hindrance, and at six foot five inches tall, Bolt has
some very long legs! Successful sprinters are usually smaller and compact with a low
center of gravity. With his ability to generate huge force off the floor and take long
galloping strides, Bolt blew this concept out of the water.
Fast-forward again, pretty much a year to the day in fact, to August 2009 at the Track
and Field World Championships held in Berlin, Germany. Bolt once again made the
final with ease, and in the final itself? Well, they say a picture is worth a thousand
words…
Now the question being raised is just how fast can a man (we’ll assume Usain Bolt
until the next phenomenon comes along) run?
Funny you should ask, because a paper was released in July by two econometrists
(people who look into stats, basically) from Tilberg University in Holland. They
analysed all the personal bests of over one-thousand athletes (men and women in a
ratio of approx 60:40) between January 1st 1991 and June 19th 2008. The reason for
this is that the writers wanted to exclude as many doping times as possible, and they
deemed drug-control up until 1990 to be inadequate. To these statistics gathered, they
applied something known as Extreme Value Theory (EVT), which looks into extreme
deviations of probability. If you want to know more about EVT you can look it up in
your own time because just finding out what it meant bored me silly. Thankfully the
application of it to the 100m distance makes for a much more interesting read.
The table below shows the stats collected:
Event
100m Men
100m Women
Sample Size
762
479
Fastest
9.72
10.65
Slowest
10.30
11.38
To these they applied a lot (read: a LOT) of different equations, which if you really
want
to
read
you
can
find
the
full
text
at
this
link:
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1433242. At the end of this, they
conclude that the potential best 100m times are 9.51 seconds for men and 10.33
seconds for women.
Which brings us back to last night and Usain Bolt’s insane 9.58 second sprint. In July
when the paper was released the world record was 9.69 set in Beijing which is 0.18
seconds off their prediction. After last night, Bolt has it down to 0.08 seconds, and we
have to remember that not only is the guy still competing in the 200m (and smashed
the World record for that also during the championships), thus not putting all his
resources into focusing 100% on the 100m, but he is also quite a clown and has a
tendency to do just enough to eclipse his last outing rather than really go and destroy
it. And let’s not forget that in May of this year he set a new 150m record in
Manchester, England. The highlight of this was that he did the last 100m in 8.72
seconds.
And maybe the key point here is that he turned twenty-three on August 21st so is no
where near maturity yet. Maybe they’ll have to rethink their formula if Bolt continues
in this vein?
As a final word I just want to say that I don’t want to be sexist (or ignorant) by
excluding that any time set by a man can be smashed by a woman, but history dictates
that this is very unlikely. Because of this, I settled on the title of the article to what it
is and focused on the performances of a man. We can only assume that the fastest
100m time will always be held by a male.
Source: John H.J. Einmahl, Sander G.W.R. Smeets. Ultimate 100m world records through extremevalue theory. July 2009. ISSN 0924-7815.