PHYSICS
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Energy spreads in all direction from an energy
producing source.
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Energy spreads much like the ripples in this
water.
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The wavelength determines the amount of
energy.
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Short wavelengths have a higher energy.
Long wavelength have a lower energy.
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Sound waves require a medium to travel
through. Sound does not travel in a vacuum.
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High frequency sounds are higher pitched.
Low frequency sounds are lower pitched.
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The volume is how intense the sound is.
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Elephants can hear very low frequency sounds for miles (infrasound
range.
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Sound waves vibrate a thin membrane on the cricket’s front legs.
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Ultrasounds use the reflections of high
frequency sound waves to construct an image
of a body or ogans.
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Heat transfer in three different ways
Conduction- Heat transfers from one object
to another that are in contact.
The spoon heats because it is in hot
soup.
This transfer happens
by movement of currents
due to differences in
densities. Hotter particles
Are less dense.
Electromagnet waves
directly transfer this
heat through space.
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Cold-blooded creatures take on the
temperature of their surroundings.
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To generate heat, warm-blooded animals
convert the food they eat into energy.
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A thermographic camera is a device that
forms an image using infrared radiation.
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All energy in the electromagnetic spectrum
travels at the same speed 186,000 miles per
second.
Wavelength is what determines the type of
energy.
Visible light is only a small part of the
spectrum.
Visible light is separated into the colors of the
rainbow.
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When white light shines through a prism, that light is broken
into the part of the visible light spectrum.
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Each color corresponds to a different wavelength.
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The dragonfly eye contains 30,000 lenses to
bend the light energy entering it.
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The visual acuity of a falcon is 2.6
times better than a human.
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Telescopes consist of an arrangement of
lenses and mirrors that gather visible light
permitting direct observation of distant
objects.
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Potential energy – energy an object has due
to its position.
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Kinetic energy – energy possessed by a body
by virtue of it being in motion.
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Chemical energy
Electrical energy
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Light energy
Nuclear energy
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Heat energy
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Mechanical energy
Sound energy
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The law of conservation of energy states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed.
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Energy can convert from one kind of energy
to another.
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Gravity is a pulling force that is exerted on
objects.
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Gravity is an attractive force between all
matter.

Mass is the
amount of
Earth
matter
contained in
an object.
Weight is the
measure of
the force of
gravity.
Moon

Gravitational force depends on the mass of
the object.

Gravity pulls harder on the more massive object.
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Gravitational force also depends upon the distance of the object.
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Planets closer to the sun have a greater gravitational pull
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Motion is a change in action or position as a
result of an unbalanced force.
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Isaac Newton described the relationship
between the forces acting on a body and its
motion due to those forces.
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1 – Law of Inertia – An object at rest
wants to stay at rest. An object in
motion wants to stay in motion.
2 – F=ma – Force equals mass x acceleration
3- For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction
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Work is using force to move something
through a distance.
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Machines make work easier.
They all belong to the lever or inclined plane families.
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How much easier and faster a machine makes
your work is the mechanical advantage of
that machine.
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The mechanical advantage I the number of
times the machine multiplies your force.
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Lever
Length of lever arm / length of resistant arm
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Pulley
number of ropes over the pulley
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Wheel and axle
Radius of wheel / radius of axle
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Inclined plane
Length of slope / height of slope
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Complex machines are a group of simple
machines that all work together to
accomplish a task.