INTERNAL MIGRATION BY
ETHNICITY:
A LONDON WARD-LEVEL STUDY
John Stillwell
School of Geography, University of Leeds,
Leeds LS2 9JT
Paper prepared for the UPTAP/BURISA
Workshop on ‘Migration and Ethnicity’,
City Hall, London, 26 September 2008
Presentation: three research questions
•
•
•
How do migration propensities vary between
ethnic groups in London and how does
London compare with Britain as a whole?
What spatial patterns of ethnic net migration
are evident in London at the ward level and
does the geographical variation tell us
anything about processes of ethnic
concentration or dispersal?
Is there any evidence in London of ethnic
groups moving away or towards areas of
ethnic concentration and from areas of higher
deprivation?
Data at ward scale
• Special Migration Statistics provide two tables on
migrants:
- Age by sex (Table MG201)
- Ethnic group by sex (Table MG203)
• No breakdown of ethnic group by age
• Thus tables commissioned from ONS including:
CO711: District-district matrix
CO723: in two parts
- Part 1: ward to region flows
- Part 2: region to ward flows
both for 7 age groups (0-15, 16-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-44,
45-59, 60+) for 7 ethnic groups
Ethnic groups used in study
Label
used in
paper
Ethnic group defined in
Special Migration Statistics
(Level 1)
Ethnic group defined in Key
Statistics
White
White
White British; White Irish; Other
White
Indian
Indian
Indian
POSA
Pakistani and Other South
Asian
Pakistani; Bangladeshi; Other Asian
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Black
Caribbean, African, Black
British and Black Other
Caribbean; African; Other Black
Mixed
Mixed
White and Black Caribbean; White
and Black African; White and Asian;
Other mixed
Other
Other
Other
Example of the commissioned
data: Table CO723 Part 1
How consistent are the commissioned data for
flows between wards within London?
Ethnic group
Inflow to London wards
Outflow from London wards
Difference
White
444,001
444,000
1
Indian
30,551
30,595
-44
POSA
40,569
40,600
-31
8,523
8,443
80
Black
79,858
79,759
99
Mixed
24,572
24,526
46
Other
13,767
13,672
95
Total
641,841
641,595
246
0-15
110,250
110,306
-56
16-19
26,884
26,895
-11
20-24
104,043
103,959
84
25-29
143,046
143,005
41
30-44
186,224
186,195
29
45-59
41,664
41,587
77
60+
29,730
29,648
82
641,841
641,595
246
Chinese
Age group
Total
London’s ethnic population, 2001
% in
Population London
London
share of
% in
GB
GB population
White
5,103,203
71.2
91.9
9.7
IoS*
GB
0.53
Indian
436,993
6.1
1.8
41.5
0.57
0.40
POSA
429,700
6.0
2.2
33.6
0.56
0.45
80,201
1.1
0.4
33.0
0.32
0.31
Black
782,849
10.9
2.0
68.2
0.65
0.32
Mixed
226,111
3.2
1.2
33.6
0.34
0.21
Other
113,034
1.6
0.4
49.3
0.44
0.32
7,172,091
100
100
12.6
Chinese
Total
IoS*
London
0.36
* Index of segregation = 0.5 ∑|Pie/P*e- Pir/P*r| computed at district level
Non-white populations, 2001
GB
London
Other
Other
Indian
Mixed
Mixed
Indian
Black
Pak and OSA
Chinese
Pak and OSA
Black
Chinese
London’s ethnic population by borough, 2001
White location quotients, London wards, 2001
Location quotient = (Pie/Pi)/(Pe/P**) >1 is over-representation
Non-white location quotients, London wards, 2001
Indian
Black
POSA
Mixed
Chinese
Other
Mean location quotients of ethnic groups by
quintile
London’s ethnic migration, 2000-01
Ethnic
group
Flows*
within
London
Inflows to
London
from
R of GB
Outflows
from
London to
R of GB
Net flows for
London
with
R of GB
White
Indian
POSA
444,000
30,573
40,585
124,337
6,074
4,093
169,116
7,033
5,642
-44,779
-959
-1,549
8,483
79,809
24,549
13,720
2,227
5,091
3,517
1,884
2,071
9,413
5,357
1,885
156
-4,322
-1,840
297
641,718
147,223
200,487
-53,264
Chinese
Black
Mixed
Other
Total
* Average of the inflows and outflows from Table C0723
How consistent are CO723 with SMS net flows between
London and the rest of England and Wales?
Ethnic group
From Table
C0723
From SMS Table
MG103
Absolute
difference
White
-44,779
-43,918
861
Indian
-959
-885
74
POSA
-1,549
-1,525
24
156
353
197
Black
-4,322
-4,456
134
Mixed
-1,840
-2,071
231
Other
29
118
89
Total
-53,264
-52,384
880
Chinese
From SMS Table
MG203
White
Non-white
Total
-44,779
-44,804
25
-8,485
-8,529
44
-53,264
-53,333
69
London’s
gross and net
migration by
ethnic group,
2000-01
100%
80%
Percentage
70%
60%
50%
Intra-district
40%
Inter-district
30%
20%
10%
ta
l
To
r
O
th
e
ix
ed
M
B
la
ck
C
hi
ne
se
GB
P
ak
an
d
O
SA
di
an
In
W
hi
te
0%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
Intra-district
20%
Inter-district
10%
tal
To
Ot
he
r
Mi
xe
d
Bl
ac
k
in
es
e
Ch
an
d
Pa
k
In
d
ian
OS
A
0%
W
hi
te
Percentage
Intra- and
interdistrict
flows in GB
and
London,
2000-01
90%
London
London’s white inflows and
outflows by age, 2000-01
London’s
non-white
inflows and
outflows by
age, 2000-01
INFLOWS
OUTFLOWS
Migration rates, 2000-01
Inflow, outflow and net flow rates are between London boroughs and rest of GB
Age-specific migration rates, 2000-01
Within London
Within GB
Flows within London by age and ethnic
group, 2000-01
Migration rates into and out of London,
2000-01
Rates into London
Rates out of London
Flows between London and the rest of GB
Inflows to London
Outflows from London
London’s migration at ward level
628 wards
Net migration by ward, whites,
based on flows within Greater London
White net migration by ward, based on
flows with the rest of England and Wales
White immigrants by London ward
Patterns on non-white net migration
within London
Indian
Black
POSA
Mixed
Chinese
Other
Within London
20-24
>60
Outside London
20-24
>60
Within London
20-24
>60
Outside London
20-24
>60
Immigrants by London ward in 2000-01
Indian
POSA
Chinese
Black
Mixed
Other
Net migration rate by ethnic group
and location quotient quintile
Quintile 1
High location quotient/
Over-representation
Quintile 5
Low location quotient/
Under-representation
Townsend index for London wards
Quintile 1: least deprived
Quintile 5: most deprived
Net migration by ethnic group and
deprivation quintile
Net migration rate by ethnic group and
deprivation quintile
Age-specific ethnic group net migration rates
by deprivation quintile
Age-specific ethnic group net migration rates by
deprivation quintile
Conclusions
• There are significant variations in migration
propensities by ethnic group and age but also
for within, into and out of London migrants
• Decomposing net migration balances into flows
‘within’ and ‘outside’ London exposes key
processes of suburban decentralisation, outward
dispersal and inward concentration
• Non-white migration dispersing rather than
concentrating non-white populations and all
ethnic groups are moving from more deprived to
less deprived areas
Contact
[email protected]
Acknowledgements
ESRC for Small Grant within the UPTAP
programme (RES-163-25-0028)
ONS Customer Services (Terry Familio) for
commissioned data