Name: ______________
Period: ________
Biology 9 Weeks Review
1. What element is found in all organic compounds?
a. Carbon
2. What are the four groups of macromolecules?
a. Nucleic Acids
b. Proteins
c. Carbohydrates
d. Lipids
3. What is a monomer?
a. Building block to make a polymer
4. Match each group listed in question 3 with its monomer.
a. Nucleic acid – nucleotide
b. Carbohydrate – monosaccharide
c. Protein – Amino Acids
d. Lipid - Triglyceride
5. What is the function of Carbohydrates?
a. Quick source of energy
6. What is the function of Nucleic Acids?
a. Store genetic code
7. What are the two examples of Nucleic Acids?
a. DNA
b. RNA
c. ATP
8. What makes up a nucleotide?
a. Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
9. Which organelle is involved with cellular transport?
a. Cell membrane
10. What does semi-permeable or selectively permeable mean?
a. Some particles may enter while other particles can not
enter
11. What is passive transport?
1
Name: ______________
Period: ________
12.
13.
14.
15.
a. Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without
using cellular energy
What is diffusion?
a. Process by which molecules move from an area of high
concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is osmosis
a. Diffusion of WATER
a. What does a hypertonic solution do to a cell?
a. A hypertonic solution causes the cell to shrink
b. What does a hypotonic solution do to a cell?
a. A hypotonic solution causes a cell to swell up
c. What does an isotonic solution do to a cell?
a. There is no change in the cell
i. When a cell is in an isotonic solution, do particles still
move across the membrane?
1. Yes, particles still move across the membrane
ii. This state is called equilibrium. What does this mean?
1. There is still movement but there is no overall
gain or loss by the cell
What is facilitated diffusion?
a. Process in which molecules that cannot directly pass
through the membrane use a protein channel to pass
through
What is active transport?
a. Process in which molecules move from a low concentration to
a higher concentration which requires cellular energy in the
form of ATP
16.
What are two ways that active transport and passive
transport are different?
Active Transportation
Passive Transportation
Requires energy
Does not use energy
Moves from low to high
Moves from high to low
2
Name: ______________
Period: ________
17.
18.
19.
List all three parts of the Cell Theory
a. All living things are made up of cells
b. Cells are basic unit of structure and function in living things
c. New cells are produced from existing cells
What is the level of organization where life begins?
atom
Molecule or
Compound
Organelle
Cell
Organism
Organ
System
Organ
Tissue
Label the following things:
C&E
b. Phosphate heads
c. Lipid tails
B&D
d. Hydrophilic area
e. Hydrophobic area
3
Name: ______________
Period: ________
20.
What is this a picture of:
Carbohydrate
21.
What is this a picture of:
Protein
22.
What is this a picture of:
Nucleotide
23.
What is homeostasis?
a. Maintains the internal conditions of a cell, controls what
enters and exits the cells, “balance in our bodies”
24.
What is activation energy?
a. Energy needed to start a chemical reaction
25.
What is a catalyst?
a. A substance that lowers the activation of a chemical
reactions without being used up.
26.
Which type of protein is considered a catalyst?
a. Enzyme
4
Name: ______________
Period: ________
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
a.
a.
a.
a.
b.
a.
What is a substrate?
The reactants in a chemical reactions, the thing that
enzymes attach to
How many substrates can one enzyme work with?
Enzymes work one at a time, and can only work with one type
of substrate
What is denaturation?
When a biomolecule “breaks” and no longer functions
correctly
What can cause an enzyme to denature?
Temperature
pH
Why is water the universal solvent?
There are many things that can dissolve in water
32.
Discriminate between primary and secondary succession PRIMARY SUCCESSION
SECONDARY SUCCESSION
No soil exists!
Soil exists already
This process creates soil
Takes a very long time
Doesn’t take quite so long, but is
still long
Volcanoes and glaciers are the
natural disasters that allow this
to happen
Fires, hurricanes, tornados, and
other natural disasters are
responsible for this to happen
33.
Distinguish between and describe the nitrogen, carbon and
water cycles Carbon cycle:
5
Name: ______________
Period: ________
Nitrogen cycle:
6
Name: ______________
Period: ________
Water cycle:
34.
Identify and define biotic and abiotic factors Abiotic: nonliving things that affect an ecosystem
Example: temperature, weather, water
Biotic: things that are alive
Example: animals, plants
35.
Identify different types of consumers Carnivore, Omnivore, Herbivore, Insectivore
36.
List the levels of classification from organism up Organism -> population -> community -> ecosystem -> biome ->
Biosphere
7
Name: ______________
Period: ________
Name
Function
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Packages the
proteins being made
by the attached
ribosome for
transport within the
cell
Cell support
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
Packages, sorts, and
labels things for
export out of the cell
Nucleolus
Control center of the
Nucleous
Nucleus
Store DNA
Mitochondria
Converts sugar into
ATP so the cell has
energy
Picture
8
Name: ______________
Period: ________
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Same as rough, but
proteins in the cell
already
Ribosome
Create proteins
Cell Membrane
Selectively
permeable (allows
some things in but
not all)
Cell Wall
Structure in plant
cells
Chloroplast
Turns energy from
the sun into food
(carbohydrates)
genes
DNA
Nucleus
Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells.
Prokaryotic
Both
Eukaryotic
9
Name: ______________
Period: ________
No membrane bound
Organellles
Membrane bound
DNA
organelles
RNA
No nucleus
nucleus
Examples:
Examples:
Bacteria
Animal cells, Plant
cells
Directions Place each item below under the correct heading.
sucros glucos
e
starc C6H12O cellulos glycoge
e
Monosaccharides
h
6
e
Disaccharides
n
C12H24O fructos
12
e
Polysaccharides
Glucose
C12H24O12
Starch
Sucrose
Cellulose
C6H12O6
Fructose
Glycogen
Directions Complete the table by shading in the correct column
for each description. (Only one box per question.)
10
Name: ______________
Period: ________
Description
Lipids
Nucleic
Protein
Acids
s
Carbohydrat
es
Commonly called fats and oils
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Contain peptide bonds
DNA and RNA are examples
Follow the general formula (CH2O)n
Form skin, blood, hair, muscles
Lactose and Cellulose are examples
Made up of amino acids
Made up of nucleotides
Most consist of 3 fatty acids bonded
to a glycerol
11
Name: ______________
Period: ________
Used for long-term energy storage
12
Name: ______________
Period: ________
The Chemistry of Life Vocabulary review
Atom nucleus
Covalent bond
electron
molecule
Solute
Monomer
polymer
nucleic acid
reactant
37.
Acids
product
isotope
cohesion
solvent suspension
compound
adhesion
pH scale
carbohydrate monosaccharide
nucleotide
proteinamino acid
activation energy
catalyst
ionic bond
ion
mixture
acid
base
solution
buffer
Polysaccharide
lipid
Chemical reaction
Enzyme
substrate
Compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution.
38.
Material composed of two or more elements or compounds
that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined.
mixture
39.
The center of the atom which contains the protons and
neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic
material and controls the cells activities.
nucleus
40.
Measurement system used to indicate the concentration of
hydrogen ions in solution.
pH scale
41.
Attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Cohesion
42.
Bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Covalent
43.
Atom that has a positive or negative charge.
Ion
13
Name: ______________
Period: ________
44.
Negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic
nucleus.
Electron
45.
Substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
Solvent
46.
Basic unit of matter
Atom
47.
Compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution.
Base
48.
Mixture of water and nondissolved materials.
Suspension
49.
Atom of an element that has a number of neutrons
different from that of other atoms of the same element.
Isotope
50.
Weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases
the help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.
buffer
51.
Mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules
of the substances are evenly distributed.
compound
52.
Attraction between molecules of different substances.
Adhesion
53.
A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution.
solute
54.
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or
more elements in definite proportions.
solution
55.
Bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred
from one atom to another.
Ionic bond
56.
Smallest unit of most compounds.
14
Name: ______________
Period: ________
molecule
57.
Protein that acts as a biological catalyst.
enzyme
58.
Small unit that can join together with other small units to
form polymers.
monomers
59.
Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set
of chemicals.
Chemical reaction
60.
Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen.
protein
61.
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a
phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
nucleotide
62.
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.
catalyst
63.
Element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction.
reactant
64.
Single sugar molecule.
monosaccharide
15
Name: ______________
Period: ________
65.
Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen
atoms.
Lipid
66.
Energy needed to get a reaction started.
Activation energy
67.
Large compound formed from combinations of many
monomers.
polymers
68.
Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
substrate
69.
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms;
major source of energy.
carbohydrate
70.
Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction.
product
71.
Large macromolecule formed from many sugar molecules.
polysaccharide
72.
Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
carbon, phosphorus.
Nucleic acid
16
Name: ______________
Period: ________
73.
Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl
group on the other end.
Amino Acid
Organelle Riddles
Read each description below and then identify the correct cell
structure. Write your answer in the line provided using only 10 of the
following words:
Golgi Body (Complex)
Cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Wall
Vesicle
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Vacuole
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
1.
I’m a real “powerhouse”
6.
I’m a series of
tubes
That’s plain to see
Found throughout the
I break down food
I package proteins
To release energy.
And other things as
cell
well
What am I?
2.
Mitochondria
I’m strong and stiff
Getting through me is tough
What am I?
7.
Golgi Body
I’m full of holes
Flexible and
thin
17
Name: ______________
Period: ________
I’m found only in plants
I control what
gets out
I’m what makes sticks tough
As well as what
comes in
What am I?
cell wall
What am I?
cell
membrane
3.
My name means colored bodies
8.
Proteins are
made here
And I contain DNA
Even though I’m quite
small
I pass on traits to new cells
You can find me
in the cytoplasm
In a systematic way
Or attached to the
ER’s wall
What am I?
4.
chromosomes
What am I?
I’m the brain of the cell
9.
ribosomes
I’ve been called
the storage tank
Or so they say
By those with little
taste
I regulate activities
I’m a sack filled with
water,
From day to day
Food, enzymes, and
waste
What am I?
5.
nucleus
I’m found only in plant cells
What am I?
10.
vacuole
Since I contain many
enzymes
I’m as green as can be
I can digest an
injured cell
18
Name: ______________
Period: ________
I make food for the plant
And can break
down a large molecule
Using the sun’s energy
into a smaller
one as well
What am I?
chloroplast
What am I?
lysosomes
19