Name _____________________________Class:______________ Date__________
1. At which temperature will an object radiate the greatest amount of electromagnetic energy?
[Refer to the Earth Science Reference Tables.]
1.
2.
3.
4.
0° Fahrenheit
5° Celsius
10° Fahrenheit
230° Kelvin
2. Which example of heat transfer is due mainly to convection?
1.
2.
3.
4.
heat energy transferred by air moving from the Earth's surface to the upper atmosphere
heat energy transferred by being reflected from a lake surface to the air above
heat energy transferred through a solid metal door
heat energy transferred from the Sun to the Earth
2a Draw in the arrows of convection.
2b Explain how convection happens.
2c Explain the diagram using vocabulary:
heat sink, heat source, specific heat, land
breeze, sea breeze, convection, density,
fluids.
1
2d Label the heat source in the diagram
2e Draw the convection cell
2f In order to make a source a better radiator, which color should it be painted? Explain why.
2g A better reflector would be which color? Explain?
3. A sample of water undergoes the phase changes from ice to vapor and back to ice as shown in
the model below. During which phase change does the sample gain the greatest amount of energy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
B
C
D
2
3a Complete the graph and x axis below which compares density of H2O in each phase
Density
3b Explain how this makes water wacky.
-1° C
Phase
____
4° C
Phase
_____
101° C
Phase
_____
4. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, how many Joules of heat energy must be
added to 10 grams of iron to raise its temperature 10° C?
5. Find the mass of this item.
5a. Describe what would happen to the density of this item if it were
heated.
5c Why?
5d Describe what would happen to this item if it were under extreme pressure.
5e. Why?
3
6. Two insulated cups are connected by an aluminum bar. Cold
water is placed in one cup and an equal mass of hot water is placed
in the other cup. The temperature of the hot water decreases more
rapidly than the temperature of the cold water increases. Which
statement best explains this observation?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The cold water gains heat from the air.
Some heat passes from the aluminum bar to the air.
The cold water is undergoing a change of phase.
Hot water has a lower specific heat than the cold water.
7. Write the latitude and longitude of Elmira NY to the nearest minute
____________________________
7a. What is the altitude of Polaris at Elmira NY? _____________
7b. Why?
8. What is the major source of energy for the Earth?
1.
2.
3.
4.
electrical storms
radioactive decay of Earth materials
the Sun
thermal currents in the mantle
4
Base your answer on the diagrams, which
represent two different solid, uniform
materials cut into cubes A and B.
9a Find the density of block A
9b Find mass of block B
9c If we were to cut block A in half describe what would happen to the density.
9d Why?
10. Which statement is the best example of heat energy transfer by conduction?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Heat energy is transferred from the bottom to the top of a lake.
Heat energy is transferred from the surface soil to the rocks below.
Heat energy is transferred from the Earth's surface to the upper atmosphere.
Heat energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth.
11. Which characteristics of a material have the greatest effect on the amount of insolation that the
material will absorb?
1.
2.
3.
4.
density and hardness
hardness and age
age and roughness
roughness and color
5
12. Based on the Earth Science Reference Tables, what is the total amount of energy required to
melt 100 grams of ice at 0°C to liquid water at 0°C?
13. In the Earth's atmosphere, the best absorbers of infrared radiation are water vapor and
1.
2.
3.
4.
nitrogen
oxygen
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
DIRECTIONS: Base your answers to questions 14 through l8 on your knowledge of earth science,
the Earth Science Reference Tables, and the diagram below. The diagram represents a closed
energy system consisting of air and equal masses of copper, granite, and water in a perfectly
insulated container. The temperatures were taken at the titne the materials were placed inside the
closed system.
14. In this system, which material is a heat sink for another
material?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The water is a heat sink for the air.
The copper is a heat sink for the granite.
The granite is a heat sink for the water.
The copper is a heat sink for the air.
15. Which material in the energy system has the highest
specific heat?
1.
2.
3.
4.
copper
granite
dry air
water
16. The mass of the granite is 2,000 grams. How much heat would have to be added to raise its
temperature 20°C?
6
17. In the first day after the materials were placed in the system, the temperature of the water would
probably
1. decrease
2. increase
3. remain the same
18. As time passes, the total energy in the system will
1. decrease
2. increase
3. remain the same
19. Infrared, ultraviolet, and visible light are all part of the solar spectrum. The basic difference
between them is their
1.
2.
3.
4.
wavelength
speed
source
temperature
20. Put the planets in increasing order of increasing distance from the sun
20 b Increasing density
21. By which process does starlight travel through space?
1.
2.
3.
4.
absorption
conduction
convection
radiation
22. Which energy transformation occurs as a rock falls freely from the top of a vertical cliff?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The rock's potential energy and kinetic energy decrease.
The rock's potential energy decreases and the rock's kinetic energy increases.
The rock's potential energy increases and the rock's kinetic energy decreases.
The rock's potential energy and kinetic energy increase.
7
Questions 23- 25 refer to the following:
The topographic map below shows points A, B, X, and Y, which are locations on Earth's surface.
23. Calculate the gradient between points X and Y in the given topographic map.
24. On the grid below, construct a topographic profile of the
land surface along line AB on the given map by plotting an X
for the elevation of each contour line that crosses line AB.
Connect the Xs with a smooth, curved line to complete the
profile.
25. Toward which compass direction is Snapper Creek in the
topographic map flowing?
25a What is your evidence?
26. What is the highest possible point of the hill?
8