CELLS part 2
Micrograph of an actual cell:
Types of Cells:
2 Groups:
1) Prokaryotic cells: Cells that lack a nucleus and organelles
a. Karyo: nucleus
b. Pro: Before
i. Very primitive and unorganized
1. Examples: Bacteria (make products like cheese or they help us carry out digestion
2) Eukaryotic: cells that possess a nucleus and organelles
a. Karyo: nucleus
b. Eu: True
i. Advanced, organized, and complex
1. Examples: Cells of animals, plants, fungi, algea, protozoa
Organelle: “LITTLE ORGAN”
Cells have functional parts on the inside that is called an organelle
It is defined as being a component of a cell that performs a specific function
Cell Organelle Chart
Name
Prokaryotic/
Plant/Animal
 Separates the cell from outside
environment
 Selectively permeable
 Additional support, protection
 Gives cell its shape
A, P
A, P
 Double memb layer that
surrounds nucleus
A, P
 1000s of pores in nuclear
envelope
 Allows material to move into &
out of Nucleus (RNA pass through
pores)
 Allow material to move into &
out of Nucleus
Pro, A, P
Cell Wall
Pro, P
Nuclear
membrane/
Envelope
Nuclear Pores
Chromatin
Chromosome
Function
 Flexible boundary that
surrounds the cell
 Bi-layer of proteins & lipids
 Rigid Structure outside plasma
memb
 Made of cellulose
 Contains DNA (directions to
make proteins)
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Description
A, P
A, P
 Granular material within
nucleus
 DNA bound to protein
 Distinct threadlike
 Contains genetic info
 Controls the cell activities
 Condenses to form chromosome
at the time of cell division
 Blueprint - controls cell activity
 Pass on genetic info to next
generation
 Small dense region in nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
A, P
Pro, A, P
 Clear Gelatinous(jelly) fluid
inside the cell
 Network of protein filaments
Cytoskeleton
Cilia/
Flagella
A, P
A
 Short/long projections of
microtubules
 Hollow tubes of protein
Microtubule
A, P
 Long thin fibers
Microfilament
Ribosome
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
A, P
Pro, A, P
A, P
 Assembly of ribosomes take
place here
 Chemical reactions take place
here
 Helps the cell to maintain its
shape & 3 D structure
 Cell movement
 Cell Movement
 Maintain cell shape
 Form cilia/flagella
 Separate chromosomes in cell
division
 Maintain cell shape
 Cell movement & support
 Tiny , abundant
 Made of RNA & Protein
 Site of protein synthesis
 Highly folded memb in
cytoplasm
1. Rough E.R. (ribosome)
2. Smooth E.R. (no ribosomes)




Connects membrane
Moves material
Process protein
Smooth E.R. – production &
storage of carbs & lipid
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Centrioles/
Basal bodies
Chloroplast
A, P
 Flattened stack of tubular
memb
 Found near cell memb
 Sorts & packs protein into vesicle
& transports them
 Contains digestive enzymes
 Digests food, bacteria, worn out
organelle
 Sac (membrane bound)
A
A, P
 Double membrane bound
organelle
A
 Small structure outside nucleus
formed from microtubules
 Stores food, enzyme, and other
material
 Support
 Power house of cell – produces
energy for growth, development,
and movement
 Helps in cell division (mitosis)
 Helps in forming flagella and cilia
 Double membrane bound
organelle
 Pigment chlorophyll is present
in inner menb
 Captures light & converts it into
chemical energy
 Pigment chlorophyll
(photosynthesis)
P, A (small or
none)
P