GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
Data Access and Integration Services
http://forge.gridforum.org/projects/dais-wg
M. Esteban Gutiérrez, UPM
Isao Kojima, AIST
Ó. Muñoz García, UPM
Said Mirza Pahlevi, AIST
November 26th, 2007
Data Access and Integration Services - RDF(S) Access
Glossary of Terms
Version 0.3
Status of This Document
This document provides information to the Grid community regarding the concepts and terms
which will be used in the WS-DAI RDF(S) Specifications and related documents. It does not
define any standards or technical recommendations. Distribution is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright © Open Grid Forum (2007). All Rights Reserved.
Trademark
Open Grid Services Architecture and OGSA are trademarks of the Open Grid Forum
Abstract
The DAIS Working Group is about providing an access mechanism to data defined by means of
RDF. The objective is to define a mechanism which provides a standard access interface to
RDF(S) data resources, which complies with the principles and practices defined by the Open
Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). To do so, this mechanism is being developed as a new WSDAI realization. The realization distinguishes two types of access to RDF(S) data resources:
declarative and programmatic. The former relies on the usage of SPARQL, an RDF query
language, for expressing declaratively the structure of the data to be retrieved. The latter defines
a set of fine grained operations for accessing the resources exploiting the semantics of the
RDF(S) model.
The purpose of this Glossary is to provide an unambiguous definition of the terms used in the
context of the documents that are being produced as part of the development of the RDF(S)
realization. The document is intended to be read in conjunction with the WS-DAI specification, the
WS-DAIR and WS-DAIR realizations, and the current straw-man documents for the RDF(S) query
and ontology access. The reader is referred to external documents for further explanation where
necessary.
GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
May 4, 2007
Contents
1.
Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.
Terms .................................................................................................................................... 3
3.
Security Considerations ...................................................................................................... 12
4.
Editor Information ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.
Contributors .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.
Acknowledgments ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.
Intellectual Property Statement........................................................................................... 13
8.
Full Copyright Notice .......................................................................................................... 13
9.
References.......................................................................................................................... 13
[email protected]
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GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
May 4, 2007
1. Introduction
The DAIS Working Group is about providing an access mechanism to data defined by means of
RDF. The objective is to define a mechanism which provides a standard access interface to
RDF(S) data resources, which complies with the principles and practices defined by the Open
Grid Services Architecture (OGSA). To do so, this mechanism is being developed as a new WSDAI realization. The realization distinguishes two types of access to RDF(S) data resources:
declarative and programmatic. The former relies on the usage of SPARQL, an RDF query
language, for expressing declaratively the structure of the data to be retrieved. The latter defines
a set of fine grained operations for accessing the data resources exploiting the semantics of the
RDF(S) model.
In this document we attempt to provide unambiguous definition of the terms used in the context of
the DAIS RDF(S) access activity and the current straw-man documents. We do this as an attempt
to define a basic terminology that allows merging the work that is being done separately in the
query and ontology parts of the specification.
The glossary includes three types of entries each one colored in a different way. Pale blue entries
contain terms defined in the WS-DAI specification or in the WS-DAIR / WS-DAIX realizations.
Purple entries contain the RDF(S) terminology provided for better understanding both straw-mans.
White entries contain the terms defined in the RDF(S) Ontology Access Specification, while the
green ones contain the terms defined in the RDF(S) Querying Specification straw-man. Please
note that some of the entries are repeated, that is, some of the terms are defined more than once,
but in different contexts. Once we agree in the definitions it will be necessary to merge all the
definitions in a single entry, as it is done in [14].
In presenting these definitions we do not attempt to justify them, nor present the arguments that
surround them, but we encourage the reader to follow any supplied references for a more
detailed discussion.
After the list of terms, we also include an open issues section, where we point out current
overlaps and clashes between all the terms included this version of the glossary. The objective of
this section is to serve as a place for discussing those parts of the terminology that we still have
to agree on before finalizing the document. Whenever an open issue is solved, the terms will be
updated in the list as needed, and the RDF(S) access straw-mans will be modified accordingly.
2. Terms
Note: In the following table, words or phrases in italics are themselves defined in the table.
Term
Ref’
s
Definition
A
Access control
Granting or denying access to a data access service and the data it
represents, where appropriate, using suitable access mechanisms and
interfaces either at the service or the underlying data resource.
[11]
Arc
An arc is the representation of a property in a RDF graph.
[2]
Attachment/Deta
chment
Operation
An operation that creates or deletes relationships between resources in a
repository (those for managing the relationships between resources)
B
Blank Node
A node that is not an RDF URI reference or a literal. It is just a unique node
that can be used in one or more RDF statements, but has not intrinsic name.
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[2]
GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
Term
May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Definition
The blank nodes in an RDF graph are drawn from an infinite set. This set of
blank nodes, the set of all RDF URI references and the set of all literals are
pair wise disjoint.
C
Class
A class in RDF Schema corresponds to the generic concept of a Type or
Category. RDF classes can be used to represent almost any category of
thing. The RDF(S) vocabulary provides the following built-in classes:
rdfs:Resource, rdfs:Class, rdfs:Literal, rdfs:Datatype, rdf:XMLLiteral, and
rdf:Property.
[4]
Consumer
A consumer, in terms of a data resource, is an application that exploits the
interface provided by a data access service in order to access a data
resource.
[11]
Creation/Deletion
Operation
An operation that creates or deletes resources from a repository (which
deals with the management of instances).
D
Data Access
The provision of access to data through a service interface.
[11]
Data Description
The provision of information about a service or the data resource accessed
by way of the service.
[11]
Data Factory
The provision of indirect access to data through alternative service
interfaces.
[11]
Data Resource
Any system that can act as a source or sink of data. Examples of data
resources include relational or XML databases, file systems and sensor
networks.
[11]
Data Resource
Abstract Name
A unique and persistent name for a data resource suitable for machine
processing that does not necessarily contain any location information. An
abstract name takes the form of a URI.
[11]
Data Resource
Address
A concrete name that specifies the location of a data resource as accessed
through a data access service. The address takes the form of a web service
end point with enough information to distinguish the data resource at that
end point.
[11]
Data Service
A web service that implements one or more of the WS-DAI specified
interfaces to provide access to data resources.
[11]
Data Service
Model
[11]
Data Set
An encoding of data suitable for externalization outside a data access
service, for example, as an XML document.
[11]
DataSetMap
A mapping between the QName of a message and the URI of a dataset
format. For direct access operations the dataset format refers to the format
of the returned dataset. Multiple instances of this property provide the
complete map for a data resource.
[11]
Data Source
An operational system, third-party organization, or external system that
provides the data to support the information requirements of the client. The
data source is accessed during the data acquisition process.
Datatype
Datatypes are used by RDF in the representation of values such as integers,
floating point numbers and dates.
There is no built-in concept of numbers or dates or other common values.
Rather, RDF defers to datatypes that are defined separately, and identified
with URI references. RDF predefines just one datatype rdf:XMLLiteral, used
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[2],
[11]
GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
Term
May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Definition
for embedding XML in RDF.
RDF provides no mechanism for defining new datatypes, and leverages on
the extensible framework provided by the XML Schema Datatypes [10] for
the definition of new datatypes to be used in RDF.
A datatype consists of a lexical space (a set of UNICODE strings), a value
space and a lexical-to-value mapping (a set of pairs whose first element
belongs to the lexical space of the datatype, and the second element
belongs to the value space of the datatype).
Datatype
Entailment
S D-entails E when every D-interpretation which satisfies every member of S
also satisfies E. D-entailment is an example of vocabulary entailment.
[4]
Datatype
Entailment Rules
Entailment rules aimed at capturing datatype entailment, based on
information supplied by the datatypes themselves.
[4]
Datatype
Interpretation
If D is a datatype map, a D-interpretation of a vocabulary V is any RDFS
interpretation I of V union {aaa: < aaa, x > in D for some x } which satisfies
the datatype semantic conditions for every pair < aaa, x > in D.
[4]
Datatype
Semantic
Conditions
The conditions that define the model-theoretic semantics of the datatypes in
RDF(S)
[4]
Direct Data
Access
Data access where a consumer receives a direct response, containing the
requested data, following a request made to a data access service.
[11]
Entailment
A semantic relationship between expressions which holds whenever the
truth of the first guarantees the truth of the second. Equivalently, whenever it
is logically impossible for the first expression to be true and the second one
false. Equivalently, when any interpretation which satisfies the first also
satisfies the second. (Also used between a set of expressions and an
expression.)
[4]
Entailment Rule
Inference pattern which captures forms of vocabulary entailment. In the
RDF(S) specifications, the entailement rules are all stated with the form "add
a triple to a graph when it contains triples conforming to a pattern", and they
are all valid in the following sense: a graph entails any larger graph that is
obtained by applying the rules to the original graph.
[4]
Extensional
Semantic
Conditions
Certain conditions that provide additional model-theoretic semantics to
specific parts of RDFS (subClassOf, subPropertyOf, domain, and range).
[4]
External Graph
A graph which is managed by an external data management system.
External Data
Management
System
A system existing out of the middleware that manages data sources. The
system provides to the consumers with specific mechanisms for accessing
the data sources, and also manages its the lifetime.
[11]
Externally
Managed Data
Resource
A data source that is managed by an external data management system.
[11]
Fault
A message that notifies the ocurrence of a system failure.
[11]
Fragment
Identifier
When a URI reference is used to perform a retrieval action on the identified
resource, the optional fragment identifier, separated from the URI by a
crosshatch ("#") character, consists of additional reference information to be
interpreted by the user agent after the retrieval action has been successfully
completed.
[11],
[5],
E
F
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[9],
[18]
GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
Term
May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Definition
G
Graph
See RDF Graph.
H
I
Indirect Data
Access
Data access where a consumer does not receive the results in the response
to a request made to a data access service. The request to access data will
be processed by the data access service and data resource, and the results
will be made available to the consumer indirectly as a new data resource,
often through a different data access service that may support a different set
of interfaces.
[11]
Inference
An act or process of constructing new expressions from existing
expressions, or the result of such an act or process. Inferences
corresponding to entailments are described as correct or valid. Inference
rule, formal description of a type of inference; inference system, organized
system of inference rules; also, software which generates inferences or
checks inferences for validity
[4]
Instance
A member of a class.
[2]
Interface
The collections of messages that a service offers its clients. In the WS-DAI
specifications, interfaces are often associated with properties that provide
information about the service.
[11]
Interface
Composition
To put an interface in conjunction with others into data access services.
[11]
Interpretation
A minimal formal description of those aspects of a world which is just
sufficient to establish the truth or falsity of any expression of a logic.
(Some logic texts distinguish between a interpretation structure, which is a
'possible world' considered as something independent of any particular
vocabulary, and an interpretation mapping from a vocabulary into the
structure. The RDF semantics takes the simpler route of merging these into
a single concept.)
[4]
Lifetime
The duration of existence of an entity.
[11]
Literal
Literals are used to identify values such as numbers and dates by means of
a lexical representation. Anything represented by a literal could also be
represented by a URI, but it is often more convenient or intuitive to use
literals.
A literal may be the object of an RDF statement, but not the subject or the
predicate.
Literals may be plain or typed.
[2]
An abstract definition of the data being transmitted. A message consists of
logical parts, each of which is associated with a definition within some type
system. Messages are used as input and outputs of operations.
[11],
[17]
J
K
L
M
Message
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Term
May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Definition
N
N3
A language wich is a compact and readable alternative to RDF/XML syntax
wich allows greater expresiveness. It was originally developed in the context
of the Semantic Web Interest Group.
[7],
[8]
Native Interface
Those interfaces that mimic the main classes of the RDF(S) model and
provide specific ontological access primitives targeted to that class.
Node
A node represents the subject or the object of a triple in a graph.
[2]
N-Triples
A line-based plain text format for encoding an RDF graph. It is a fixed subset
of N3. It is currently used for expressing RDF test cases and defining the
correspondence between RDF/XML and RDF abstract syntax.
[6]
Object
A part of an RDF triple; it can be an RDF URI reference, a literal or a blank
node. It denotes the resource that is object of the relationship in the
statement asserted by the triple.
[2]
Ontological
Access Primitive
Data access operation based upon the model/formalism used for
representing the data, which takes into account the structures defined by the
formalism and the relationships between them.
Ontology-based
Access Operation
See ontological access primitive.
Operation
A functionality offered by an interface.
[11]
Plain Literal
A plain literal is a string combined with an optional language tag. This may
be used for plain text in a natural language. As recommended in the RDF
formal semantics, these plain literals are self-denoting.
[2]
Predicate
A part of an RDF triple, which is a RDF URI Reference. It is also known as
the property of the triple. It denotes the specific relationship that holds
between the subject and the object in the statement asserted by the triple.
[2]
Property
A characteristic of a data resource as well as the data access service’s
relationship with that data resource. Properties are represented by XML
elements.
[11]
Property
A relation between subject resources and object resources.
[4]
O
P
Q
R
RDF
See Resource Description Framework.
RDF Axiomatic
Triples
RDF triples that are valid for every RDF interpretation. These triples define
the RDF vocabulary using RDF.
[4]
RDF Collection
Vocabulary
The part of the built-in RDF(S) vocabulary provided for describing closed
collections, i.e. those that can have no more members. These collections
are represented as lists of items. Nevertheless, RDFS does not require that
there be only one first element of a list-like structure, or even that a list-like
structure have a first element. The elements of the vocabulary are: rdf:List,
rdf:first, rdf:rest, and rdf:nil.
[1],
[3]
RDF Container
Vocabulary
The part of the built-in RDF(S) vocabulary provided for describing
containers, that is, groups of members. The elements of the vocabulary are:
[1],
[3]
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GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
Term
May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Definition
rdfs:Container, rdf:Bag, rdf:Seq, rdf:Alt, rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty,
and rdfs:member.
RDF Entailment
S rdf-entails E when every RDF interpretation which satisfies every member
of S also satisfies E. RDF entailment is an example of vocabulary
entailment.
[4]
RDF Entailment
Rules
Entailment rules defined for the RDF vocabulary.
[4]
RDF Graph
A set of RDF triples. These graphs can be illustrated by a node and
directed-arc diagrams where the subjects and objects of the triples are
represented as nodes, and the predicates are represented as directed arcs.
The assertion of an RDF graph amounts to asserting all the triples in it, so
the meaning of an RDF graph is the conjunction (logical AND) of the
statements corresponding to all the triples it contains.
[2]
RDF
Interpretation
An simple interpretation that satisfies the RDF semantic conditions and the
RDF axiomatic triples.
[4]
RDF Model
RDF is based on the idea that the things to be described have properties
which have values, and that resources can be described by making
statements that specify those properties and values. RDF models
[1]
statements as nodes and arcs in a directed, labeled graph data
structure..
RDF Reification
Vocabulary
The part of the built-in RDF(S) vocabulary provided for describing RDF
statements without stating them: rdf:Statement, rdf:subject, rdf:predicate,
and rdf:object.
[1],
[3]
RDF Schema
An RDF vocabulary description language which defines a built-in RDF
vocabulary that may be used to describe other RDF vocabularies.
[3]
RDF Semantic
Conditions
The conditions that define the model-theoretic semantics of RDF.
[4]
RDF Triple
The base construction of RDF. RDF triples are composed of a subject, a
predicate, and an object; triples are conventionally written in the order
subject, predicate, object. Each triple represents a statement of a
relationship between the subject and the object. RDF triples can be
represented as a node-arc-node link, where the subject and object are
nodes, and the predicate is a directed arc from the subject to the predicate.
[2]
RDF URI
reference
A URI reference within an RDF graph that identifies a resource of the
vocabulary. Used as a node identifies the resource the node represents.
Used as an arc identifies a relationship between the nodes it connects, that
is, a property between the elements represented by the nodes. A predicate
URI reference may also be a node in the graph.
[2]
RDF Utilitiy
Vocabulary
The part of the built-in RDF(S) vocabulary provided for describing useful
information for deploying RDF vocabulary descriptions in the World Wide
Web: rdfs:seeAlso, rdfs:isDefinedBy, and rdf:value.
RDF Vocabulary
The RDF vocabulary is the set of predefined URI references in the rdf:
namespace: rdf:type, rdf:Property, rdf:XMLLiteral, rdf:nil, rdf:List,
rdf:Statement, rdf:subject, rdf:predicate, rdf:object, rdf:first, rdf:rest, rdf:Seq,
rdf:Bag, rdf:Alt, rdf:_1, rdf:_2, ..., rdf:value.
RDF(S)
The combination of RDF vocabulary and the RDFS vocabulary.
RDF(S) List Data
Resource
A system that manages RDF(S) lists, and provides list-based ontological
primitives for querying or updating the list data.
RDF(S) Property
A system that manages RDF(S) properties, and provides property-based
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[3],
[4]
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May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Term
Definition
Data Resource
ontological primitives for querying or updating the property data.
RDF(S) Class
Data Resource
A system that manages RDF(S) classes, and provides class-based
ontological primitives for querying or updating the class data.
RDF Dataset
An RDF Dataset comprises one graph, the default graph, which does
not have a name, and zero or more named graphs, where each
named graph is identified by an IRI.
RDF Graph Set
An RDF Graph Set comprises zero or more graphs, where each graph is
identified by an IRI.
RDF(S)
Container Data
Resource
A system that manages RDF(S) containers, and provides container-based
ontological primitives for querying or updating the container data.
RDF Data
Resource
A data source or sink that is based on RDF Model, together with any
associated management infrastructure, that exhibits capabilities that are
characteristic of RDF repositories [DAIRDFS]. It contains an RDF Graph
Set.
[15]
RDF(S) Data
Resource
A data source or sink that is based on RDF(S) data model, together with any
associated management infrastructure, that exhibits capabilities that are
characteristic of RDF repositories [DAIRDFS].
[16]
RDF Interfaces
The base interfaces and corresponding properties defined in the WS-DAI
specification extended to provide access to RDF data resources.
[15]
RDF(S)
Interfaces
The base interfaces and corresponding properties defined in the WS-DAI
specification extended to provide access to RDF(S) data resources.
[16]
RDF(S) Model
The RDF(S) framework defines a directed, labeled graph data structure for
representing information in the Web. The nodes and arcs of the graph
represent the things being described and the relationships between them.
The RDF(S) model is based on the RDF Model that defines the set of built-in
nodes (things) and arcs (relationships), their semantics and entailment
mechanisms, needed for structuring and reasoning about such information.
RDF(S) Ontology
Access
Programmatic data access approach which leverages on the RDF(S) model
and its semantics for defining a set ontological access primitives for
accessing to RDF(S) data sources.
RDF(S) Query
Access
Declarative data access approach to RDF(S) data sources which leverages
on RDF(S) query languages for expressing specific data that is to be
retrieved.
RDF(S)
Repository Data
Resource
A system that manages an RDF(S) repository, and provides resource-based
ontological primitives for querying or updating the repository data.
RDF(S)
RepositorySelect
or Data Resource
A system that manages sets of RDF(S) repositories.
RDF(S)
Resource Data
Resource
A system that manages RDF(S) resources, and provides resource-based
ontological primitives for querying or updating the resource data.
RDF(S)
Statement Data
Resource
A system that manages RDF(S) reified statements, and provides statementbased ontological primitives for querying or updating the statement data.
RDF/XML
An XML syntax for RDF graphs. It is the recommended syntax for
applications to exchange RDF information.
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[20]
[5]
GWD-I (draft-ogf-dais-ws-rdfs-access-activity-glossary.v1)
May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Term
Definition
RDFS
See RDF Schema.
RDFS Axiomatic
Triples
RDF triples that are valid for every RDFS interpretation. These triples define
the RDFS vocabulary using RDF.
[4]
RDFS Entailment
S rdfs-entails E when every RDFS interpretation which satisfies every
member of S also satisfies E. RDFS entailment is an example of vocabulary
entailment. Since every RDFS interpretation is an RDF interpretation, if S
rdfs-entails E then it rdf-entails E; but RDFS entailment is stronger than RDF
entailment.
[4]
RDFS Entailment
Rules
The entailment rules defined for the RDFS vocabulary.
[4]
RDFS
Interpretation
An RDF interpretation that statisfies the extra RDFS semantic conditions
and the RDFS axiomatic triples.
[4]
RDFS Semantic
Conditions
The conditions that define the model-theoretic semantics of RDFS.
[4]
RDFS
Vocabulary
RDF Schema extends RDF to include a larger vocabulary with more
complex semantic constraints. The RDFS vocabulary is the set of predefined
URI references in the rdfs: namespace: rdfs:domain, rdfs:range,
rdfs:Resource, rdfs:Literal, rdfs:Datatype, rdfs:Class, rdfs:subClassOf,
rdfs:subPropertyOf, rdfs:member, rdfs:Container,
rdfs:ContainerMembershipProperty, rdfs:comment, rdfs:seeAlso,
rdfs:isDefinedBy, and rdfs:label.
[3],
[4]
Realization
An especialized data access specification built using the model and patterns
defined by the WS-DAI specification
[11]
Relational Data
Resource
A data source/sink that is characteristic of relational database systems, i.e.,
can be queried or updated using SQL.
[12]
Relational
Interfaces
The base interfaces and corresponding properties defined in the WS-DAI
specification extended to provide access to relational data resources.
[12]
Repository
A set of RDF triples that are physically stored together.
Repository
Selector
An entity that manages sets of repositories.
Resource
As used in RDF: (i) An entity; anything in the universe. (ii) As a class name:
the class of everything; the most inclusive category possible.
Resource
The base structure for dealing with an instance.
Resource
Description
Framework
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a general-purpose language
for representig information about resources in the Web.
[1]
Resource List
A resource list contains the abstract names and addresses of all the data
resources known to and accessible through a data access service.
[11]
Retrieval
Operation
An operation that retrieves information from a repository.
[4]
S
Service Managed
Data Resource
A data source that contains data created in the context of a data service and
usually does not have existence outside of the data service. The data
service is in charge of controlling the lifetime of that data resource, and any
data it contains.
[11]
Simple
Base entailment about RDF graph without taking into account the
[4]
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May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Term
Definition
Entailment
entailments about the names in the graph. Simple interpretations and
simple entailment capture the semantics of RDF graphs when no attention is
paid to the particular meaning of any of the names in the graph. To obtain
the full meaning of an RDF graph written using a particular vocabulary, it is
necessary to add further semantic conditions which attach stronger
meanings to particular URI references and typed literals in the graph.
Following conventional terminology, a (simple) interpretation I satisfies E if
I(E)=true, and a set S of RDF graphs (simply) entails a graph E if every
interpretation which satisfies every member of S also satisfies E.
Simple
Entailment Rules
Base entailment rules which generate generalizations, i.e. graphs which
have the original graph as an instance.
Simple fact
See statement.
Simple
Interpretation
Base interpretation about an RDF graph without taking into account the
interpretations about the names in the graph. Simple interpretations and
simple entailment capture the semantics of RDF graphs when no attention is
paid to the particular meaning of any of the names in the graph. To obtain
the full meaning of an RDF graph written using a particular vocabulary, it is
necessary to add further semantic conditions which attach stronger
meanings to particular URI references and typed literals in the graph.
[4]
SPARQL
A query language for RDF.
[20]
SPARQL
Protocol for RDF
A protocol for converying SPARQL queries from query clients to a SPARQL
query processing.
[21]
SPARQL Query
Results XML
Format
an XML format for the variable binding and boolean results formats
provided by the SPARQL.
[22]
Statement
A relationship between two things. It may be represented as an RDF triple in
which the predicate names the relationship, and the subject and object
denote the two things. It is often used interchangeably with triple. Do not
confuse with the statements defined using the RDF reification vocabulary.
[1]
Static Property
[4]
[11]
Subject
A part of an RDF triple, which can be a RDF URI reference or a blank node.
It denotes the resource that is subject of the relationship in the statement
asserted by the triple.
Subscription
based data
access
Data access where the consumer supplies a profile describing the data of
interest and the conditions under which it will be delivered.
[11]
T
Triple
See RDF Triple.
Turtle
A subset of the N3 notation for only expressing RDF.
[9]
Typed literal
A typed literal is a string combined with a datatype URI. It denotes the
member of the identified datatype's value space obtained by applying the
lexical-to-value mapping to the literal string.
[2]
The term "URI-reference" is used here to denote the common usage of a
resource identifier. A URI reference may be absolute or relative, and may
have additional information attached in the form of a fragment identifier.
However, "the URI" that results from such a reference includes only the
absolute URI after the fragment identifier (if any) is removed and after any
[10],
[2]
U
URI Reference
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Term
May 4, 2007
Ref’
s
Definition
relative URI is resolved to its absolute form.
RDF uses URI references to identify resources and properties.
URI references within the rdf: namespace ("http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22rdf-syntax-ns") are defined by the RDF specifications, and have specific
meaning.
URIref
See URI Reference.
Utility Interface
Convenient abstractions that provide further functionalities that enhance the
overall usability of the services.
V
Vocabulary
A set of RDF resources, classes and properties defined within the same
namespace
[4]
Vocabulary
Entailment
Entailment with respect to a given vocabulary interpretation.
[4]
Vocabulary
Interpretation
Interpretation which is required to satisfy additional semantic conditions on a
particular vocabulary.
[4]
A WSRF data resource acts on messages that manage the lifetime of a data
resource and allows the properties of a data resource to be queried.
[11]
XML Data
Resource
Any system that can act as a source or sink for XML data, together with its
associated management infrastructure, that exhibits capabilities that are
characteristic of XML repositories, e.g., can be queried using XQuery [19] or
updated using XUpdate or any another suitable XML query/update
language. These data resources are considered to consist of collections of
documents.
[13]
XML Interfaces
The base interfaces and corresponding properties defined in the WS-DAI
specification extended to provide access to XML data resources.
[13]
XML Literal
A typed literal whose datatype is rdf:XMLLiteral. It is used for providing XML
content as literal values.
W
WSRF Data
Resource
X
Y
Z
3. Issues

Essentially, RDF(S) Data Resource and RDF Data Resource can refer to a same object.
In this case, both resources have a same end-point-reference (EPR).

Because the term RDF(S) also refers to an RDF schema, for appropriateness, instead
of using RDF(S) we use the term RDF in the Querying Specification. For example,
RDF(S) Data Resource and RDF(S) Interfaces are rewritten as RDF Data Resource and
RDF Interfaces, respectively.
4. Security Considerations
Security considerations are not applicable to this document.
[email protected]
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May 4, 2007
5. Contributors
Miguel Esteban Gutiérrez
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Phone: +34 91 336 36 70
Email: [email protected]
Isao Kojima
Grid Technology Research Center
AIST Japan Umezono 1-1-1
Email: [email protected]
Óscar García Muñoz
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Phone: +34 91 336 36 70
Email: [email protected]
Said Mirza Pahlevi
Grid Technology Research Center
AIST Japan Umezono 1-1-1
Email: [email protected]
6. Intellectual Property Statement
The OGF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other
rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available;
neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Copies of claims
of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or
the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the OGF
Secretariat.
The OGF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent
applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to
practice this recommendation. Please address the information to the OGF Executive Director.
7. Disclaimer
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disclaims all warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to any warranty that the use
of the information herein will not infringe any rights or any implied warranties of merchantability or
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8. Full Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) Open Grid Forum (2007). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works
that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied,
published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the
above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works.
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However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright
notice or references to the OGF or other organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Grid Recommendations in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the
OGF Document process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the OGF or its
successors or assignees.
9. References
1. Manola, F.; Miller, E. RDF Primer, W3C Recommendation. 10 February 2004
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
2. Klyne ,G.; Carroll, J.J. Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract
Syntax, W3C Recommendation. 10 February 2004
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
3. Brickley, D.; Guha, R.V. RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema, W3C
Recommendation. 10 February 2004
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/
4. Hayes, P. RDF Semantics, W3C Recommendation. 10 February 2004
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/
5. Beckett, D. RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised), W3C Recommendation. 10 February
2004
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/
6. Berners-Lee, T. Notation 3, World Wide Web Consortium
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Notation3.html
7. Berners-Lee, T. Primer: Getting into RDF & Semantic Web using N3, World Wide Web
Consortium
http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer
8. Beckett, D. Turtle - Terse RDF Triple Language, 2004
http://www.dajobe.org/2004/01/turtle/
9. Berners-Lee, T.; Fielding, R.; Masinter, L. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic
Syntax, RFC 2396. August 1998
10. Biron, P.V.; Malhotra, A. XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, W3C Recommendation. May
2001.
http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
11. Antonioletti, M; Atkinson, M.; Krause, A.; Laws, S.; Malaika, S.; Paton, N.W.; Pearson, D.;
Riccardi, G. Web Services Data Access and Integration – The Core (WS-DAI) Specification,
Version 1.0, OGF DAIS WG Working Draft. June 2006
https://forge.gridforum.org/sf/go/doc5168?nav=1
12. Antonioletti, M; Collins, B.; Krause, A.; Laws, S.; Magowan, J; Malaika, S.; Paton, N.W Web
Services Data Access and Integration – The Relational Realisation (WS-DAIR) Specification,
Version 1.0, OGF DAIS WG Working Draft. June 2006
https://forge.gridforum.org/sf/go/doc5169?nav=1
13. Antonioletti, M; Hastings, S.; Krause, A.; Langella, S.; Laws, S.; Malaika, S.; Paton, N.W
Web Services Data Access and Integration – The XML Realization (WS-DAIX) Specification,
Version 1.0 OGF DAIS WG Working Draft. June 2006
https://forge.gridforum.org/sf/go/doc5167?nav=1
[email protected]
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May 4, 2007
14. Treadwell, J Open Grid Services Architecture Glossary of Terms Version 1.5, OGF OGSA
WG Working Draft. April 2007
https://forge.gridforum.org/sf/go/doc13938?nav=1
15. Kojima, I.; Pahlevi, S.M. Web Services Data Access and Integration – The RDF(S)
Realization (WS-DAIRDFS) RDF(S) Querying Specification, Version 0.1, OGF DAIS WG
Working Draft. September 2006
https://forge.gridforum.org/sf/go/doc14074?nav=1
16. Esteban Gutiérrez, M.; Gómez-Pérez, A. Web Services Data Access and Integration – The
RDF(S) Realization (WS-DAI-RDF(S)) RDF(S) Ontology Access Specification, Version 0.1
https://forge.gridforum.org/sf/go/doc14083?nav=1
17. Christensen, E.; Curbera, F.; Meredith, G.; Weerewarana, S Web Services Description
Language (WSDL) 1.1, W3C Note. 15 March 2001
http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
18. Freed, N.; Borenstein, N. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media
Types, RDF 2046. November 1996
19. Boag, S., Chamberlin, D., Fernández, M.F., Florescu, D., Robie, J., Siméon, J. XQuery 1.0:
An XML Query Language, W3C Recommendation. 23 January 2007
http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery/
20. Prud'hommeaux, E., Seaborne, A.: SPARQL Query Language for RDF, W3C Proposed
Recommendation. 12 November 2007
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-query/
21. Clark, K.G., Feigenbaum, F., Torres, E.: SPARQL Protocol for RDF, W3C Proposed
Recommendation. 12 November 2007
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/
22. Beckett, D., Broekstra, J.: SPARQL Query Results XML Format, W3C Proposed
Recommendation. 12 November 2007
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-XMLres/
[email protected]
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