Sport Recovery MAX
Data Sheet
Empower Sport Recovery MAX is a science based supplement
designed to support optimal physical sports performance.
Glutathione
Glutathione is a tri-peptide made in the cell from the amino
acids, glycine, cysteine and glutamic acid. It has two main
functions, acting as a powerful antioxidant and liver detoxifier.
Exercise leads to increased production of ATP in muscle cells.
This in turn increases oxidation and free radical production. Without antioxidants such as vitamin
E and glutathione, muscles will be overwhelmed with free radicals and more prone to injury,
inflammation, fatigue and slower recovery time. Glutathione exerts powerful antioxidant
protection from within the cell.
Supplies of glutathione are considerably reduced in the muscles and liver during stress and
heavy exercise.
Glutathione production also decreases with age.
In addition to its antioxidant function, glutathione is involved in detoxification. Glutathione stores
in the liver will be depleted by the many thousands of toxic substances in the environment.
Glutathione exists in both reduced (G-SH) and oxidised (GS-SG) forms in the body. The ratio of
reduced to oxidised glutathione is used as a measure of cellular toxicity and oxidative stress.
Why optimum Glutathione levels are ESSENTIAL for Athletes
An athlete gets incomparable benefits from glutathione –

Better workouts, faster recovery times, and improved athletic performance are
just some of the benefits glutathione provides.

Exercise increases our bodies need for more glutathione.

During a workout, the increased oxygen produces more Free Radicals.

Our body then uses our antioxidant supply to neutralize these free radicals.
This may deplete our glutathione supply.

One study showed that 90 minutes of exercise led to a 60% depletion of
glutathione.

If the body isn’t supplied with more glutathione, then we will experience muscle
fatigue, poor athletic performance, longer recovery times and be more
susceptible to future injury.

However, by adequately increasing our bodies glutathione levels, we can cut
our recovery times in half and supply our muscle tissue with a greater energy
Supply.
The benefits of increasing
glutathione levels for all athletes
are:
 A rapid and stable increase in energy
 An increase in stamina and endurance
 Less muscle fatigue and exhaustion
 Improved cardiovascular function
 Reduction in lactic acid
 A faster recovery time
 Immune system is strengthened
 Body is protected from injury
 Muscle stress is reduced
 Decreased inflammation
 Feeds muscles
 Maintains muscle growth
 Noticeably improves athletic performance
 If injury does occur, the increased glutathione levels speed up the healing
process.
Tested ‘SAFE’ for banned substances
Sport Recovery Max and NeuroSport have been given approval
by HFL Sports Science Labs for containing no doping
contaniments.
Unique Delivery System – Proven 98% Bioavailabilty
(amount of Reduced Glutathione which reaches the cells).
If taken by orally, glutathione is unlikely to survive the stomach acid without being broken down
into its component amino acids. 3g of oral glutathione in humans produced no appreciable
change in the serum levels of reduced glutathione, suggesting it is either digested (hydrolyzed)
prior to absorption, or oxidized before absorption.
Glutathione needs to be in the reduced form to be effective.
.
Recancostat®
(now
called
SPORT RECOVERY MAX) and
NeuroSport
are
novel
formulations
of
reduced
glutathione that is stabilised
with
a
patented
unique
anthocyanin complex known as
Recyclin. The
presence of
Recyclin allows the glutathione
to be absorbed from the gut and
to be absorbed into cells while
remaining in its reduced form.
The Bioavailability papers and
trial can be viewed in the
Reference Library section of our
website.
Empower’s Unique Delivery System – 98% Bio-availability
Glutathione in the Diet
Glutathione is produced in the cells from the amino acids, glycine, cysteine and glutamic acid.
These amino acids are found in protein foods such as fish, chicken, eggs, meat, lentils, beans
and pulses. Cysteine, however, is missing or deficient in many diets. In addition, digestive
problems can lead to deficiency of amino acids despite adequate protein intake.
Fruit and vegetables supply glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme related to glutathione.
Glutathione itself is found in meat, fish, nuts and seeds. However since it is unlikely to survive the
stomach acid without being broken down, supplementation is a useful means of obtaining
glutathione.
Who should take NeuroSport?
NeuroSport is suitable for professional and amateur sportspersons who wish to improve their
mental and physical performance and have the edge over the competition. Examples of
Professional athletes who use Neuro Sport with great results include German Olympic Gold
Medallist, Heike Dreschler and UK football player, Marcus Bent, Jamie Baulch Olympian Sprint
and Hurdle Champion, Ryan Green Pro-Waterskier, Brentford Football Club
How long does NeuroSport take to Work?
NeuroSport begins to work within days of taking the supplement. Glutathione levels rise relatively
quickly, reaching full potential within around 2 weeks. Remember that Glutathione is a naturally
occuring substance already found in our bodies.
Is NeuroSport Safe?
NeuroSport and Sport Recovery Max both hold Certificates of Anti-doping from HFL Sports
Science Laboratories. NeuroSport is generally very safe and side effect free. Because it contains
moderate levels of nutrients, it can usually be used alongside medications under the guidance of
a qualified healthcare practitioner.
Keep out of reach and sight of children
Ingredients
Composition
Per day (2 tablets)
* Recommended daily dose according to RDA
RDA%
Ingredients: Bilberry powder (anthocyanin), tocopherol (vitamin E), niacin, reduced glutathione, L-cystein,
pyridoxine (vitamin B6), thiamine (vitamin B1), egg lecithin (phosphatdylcholine), riboflavin (vitamin B2), folic acid,
cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), dextrose, Parting agent: magnesium salts of fatty acids (E470b), Carrying agent:
stearic acid (E570), Filling material: silicone dioxide (E551v), microcrystalline cellulose
(E460i), calcium phosphate (E341), Coating agent: talcum (E553b), sugar, shellac (E904), calcium
carbonate (E170), gum arabic (E414), beewax, Colouring agent: titanium dioxide (E171)
Suggested use:
The suggested Intake is 2-3 tablets daily or as directed by a Healthcare Professional. NeuroSport
works best on an empty stomach at least one hour away from food. If taking mineral or enzyme
supplements a gap of 2 hours should be left before taking NeuroSport.
Pack size; 90 Tablets
Free from gluten, yeast, artificial flavours, colours and preservatives
Glutathione in Athletic Performance, Endurance, and
Sports Nutrition
Studies & Clinical Trials
Ohlenschlager G, Treusch G. Reduced Glutathione and Anthocyans
Redox cycling and Redox Recycling In Biological Systems.
Praxis-Telegramm, Heft Nr. 6: Sonderbeilage; Ralf- Reglin Verlag Köln. 1994
Praxis Telegramm Supplement to issue No. 6/94. Ohlenschläger G. & Treusch G.Reduced glutathione and
anthocyans -Redox cycling and redox recycling in biological systems. 1994.
Physical exercise intensity can be related to plasma glutathione levels
Gambelunghe C, Rossi R, Micheletti A, Mariucci G, Rufini S. [J Physiol Biochem 2001 Mar;57(2):9-14] The
aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different kinds of physical exercise on plasma
glutathione levels. Our results suggest that GSH plays a central antioxidant role in blood during intensive
physical exercise and that its modifications are closely related to exercise intensity.
Oxidants, antioxidant nutrients and the athlete
Packer L. [Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3200, USA.]
Strenuous physical exercise induces oxidative stress. Severe or prolonged exercise can overwhelm
antioxidant defences, which include vitamins E and C and thiol antioxidants, which are interlinked in an
antioxidant network, as well as antioxidant enzymes. Evidence for oxidative stress and damage during
exercise comes from direct measurement of free radicals, from measurement of damage to lipids and
DNA, and from measurement of antioxidant redox status, especially glutathione. There is little evidence
that antioxidant supplementation can improve performance, but a large body of work suggests that
bolstering antioxidant defences may ameliorate exercise-induced damage, suggesting that the benefits of
antioxidant intervention may be for the long term rather than the short term.
Antioxidants and physical performance
Clarkson PM. Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.[Crit
Rev Food Sci Nutr 1995 Jan;35(1-2):131-41] Performance of strenuous physical activity can increase
oxygen consumption by 10- to 15-fold over rest to meet energy demands. The resulting elevated oxygen
consumption produces an "oxidative stress" that leads to the generation of free radicals and lipid
peroxidation. A defense system of free radical scavengers minimizes these dangerous radicals. Changes
in antioxidant scavengers and associated enzymes (e.g., glutathione, tocopherol, glutathione peroxidase)
also provide clues about demands on the defense system. Physical training has been shown to result in an
augmented antioxidant system and a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Supplementation with antioxidants
appears to reduce lipid peroxidation but has not been shown to enhance exercise performance. The
"weekend athlete" may not have the augmented antioxidant defense system produced through continued
training. This may make them more susceptible to oxidative stress. Whether athletes or recreational
exercisers should take antioxidant supplements remains controversial. However, it is important that those
who exercise regularly or occasionally ingest foods rich in antioxidants.
Mitochondria changes in human muscle after prolonged exercise, endurance training and selenium
supplementation
Zamora AJ, Tessier F, Marconnet P, Margaritis I, Marini JF. [Eur J Appl Physiol 1995;71(6):505-11] The
functional and structural responses to acute exercise (E) and training, (T) with or without selenium
supplementation (Sel), were investigated in a double-blind study on 24 young male subjects. The results in
Sel would seem to suggest a dampening effect of the selenium on the mitochondria changes, both in
chronic and acute exercise. The mechanism of this action on mitochondrial turnover is uncertain, but might
be related to a higher efficiency of the selenium-dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase.
Reductions in blood glutamine concentration following intense exercise may contribute to immune
suppression in overtrained athletes
Plasma amino acid concentrations in the overtraining syndrome: Possible effects on the immune system
Parry-Billings M, Budgett R, Koutedakis K et al (1992). [Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 24,
1353-8] Overtraining and long-term exercise are associated with an impairment of immune function. We
provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the supply of glutamine, a key fuel for cells of the
immune system, is impaired in these conditions and that this may contribute to immunosuppression.
Plasma glutamine concentration was decreased in overtrained athletes and after long-term exercise
(marathon race) and was increased after short-term, high intensity exercise (sprinting). Branched chain
amino acid supplementation during long-term exercise was shown to prevent this decrease in the plasma
glutamine level. Given the proposed importance of glutamine for cells of the immune system, it is
concluded that the decrease in plasma glutamine concentration in overtraining and following long-term
exercise, and not an intrinsic defect in T lymphocyte function, may contribute to the immune deficiency
reported in these conditions.
Immunological hazards from nutritional imbalance in athletes
Shephard RJ, Shek PN. [Exerc Immunol Rev 1998;4:22-48] This review examines the influences of
nutritional imbalance on immune function of competitive athletes, who may adopt an unusual diet in an
attempt to enhance performance. Since endurance exercise leads to protein catabolism, an athlete may
need 2.0 g/kg protein rather than the 0.7-1.0 g/kg recommended for a sedentary individual. Both sustained
exercise and overtraining reduce plasma glutamine levels, which may contribute to suppressed immune
function postexercise. Vitamins are important to immune function because of their antioxidant role.
However, the clinical benefits of vitamin C supplementation are not enhanced by the use of more complex
vitamin mixtures, and excessive vitamin E can have negative effects. Iron, selenium, zinc, calcium, and
magnesium ion all influence immune function. Supplements may be required after heavy sweating, but an
excessive intake of iron facilitates bacterial growth.
Glutamine, exercise and immune function. Links and possible mechanisms
Walsh NP, Blannin AK, Robson PJ, Gleeson M. [Sports Med 1998 Sep;26(3):177-91] Glutamine is the
most abundant free amino acid in human muscle and plasma and is utilised at high rates by rapidly
dividing cells, including leucocytes, to provide energy and optimal conditions for nucleotide biosynthesis.
Falls in the plasma glutamine level have been reported following endurance events and prolonged
exercise. These levels remain unchanged or temporarily elevated after short term, high intensity exercise.
Plasma glutamine has also been reported to fall in patients with untreated diabetes mellitus, in dietinduced metabolic acidosis and in the recovery period following high intensity intermittent exercise.
Furthermore, athletes experiencing discomfort from the overtraining syndrome exhibit lower resting levels
of plasma glutamine than active healthy controls. Therefore, physical activity directly affects the availability
of glutamine to the leucocytes and thus may influence immune function.
Does endurance exercise impair glutamine metabolism?
Parry-Billings M, Blomstrand E, Leighton B et al (1990). Canadian Journal of Sport Science 13, 13P
(abstract)
Plasma glutamine changes after high intensity exercise in elite male swimmers. Kargotich S,
Rowbottom DG, Keast D et al (1996). Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 28, S133 (abstract)
Pyke S., Lew H., Severe depletion in liver GSH during physical exercise. Biochem Biophys Res
Comm;139:926-931.
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in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and
Ageing, University of Oxford, 2010.
D. Benton et al., The impact of long-term vitamin supplementation on cognitive functioning.
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Beeb Dr W & Wendell Dr O. Preliminary observations of altered carbohydrate metabolism in psychiatric
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Coppen A, Bolander-Gouaille C.
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Schneider D., et al. Blood glutathione: a biochemical index of aging women. Fed Proc Am Soc Exp Biol
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Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterburg BH. The systemic
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